I desire to express my deep obligations to my brother, Dr. Marcus W. Jernegan, of the Carnegie Institution, to my colleagues Mr. Graham H. Kemper and Mr. Perry C. Hays, to Mr. Frank R. Lutz, Editor of Philippine Education, and to Mr. Claude W. Calvin, second assistant executive secretary of the Philippine Government, for their painstaking criticism of portions of the manuscript of this work.

It is my heartfelt wish that these pages may in some small degree make clear to the Filipino people that the only sure road to the attainment of independent democratic statehood is the patient upbuilding of the masses into an intelligent, industrious, and patriotic body of citizen-rulers. This was the message of Rizal. My belief that the Filipino people will heed this message I have elsewhere expressed in words familiar to many readers of this book: Yet still beneath thy ardent sky,

Philippines, my Philippines;

More numerous sons shall live and die,
Philippines, my Philippines;
In them shall breathe the purpose high,
The glorious day to bring more nigh
When all may sing without a sigh,
Philippines, my Philippines.

PRESCOTT F. JERNEGAN.

Manila, November 7th, 1907.

CONTENTS

PART I

The State and Its Government

CHAPTER I.

THE STATE AND THE CITIZEN..

Society Government-The Family-The Tribe
-The Nation-The State-The Extent and

Power of the Government-Government a

Growth-The Right of the State to Govern—

The Rights of Parents-Limitations of the

Right to Govern-The Right of Revolution-

Citizenship-Patriotism.

CHAPTER II.

Forms of GOVERNMENT..

Monarchy-Absolute and Limited Monarchies—

Aristocracy-Democracy-Colonial Govern-

ments-The States and Colonies of the

World.

CHAPTER III.

THE REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY..

Popular Government-Civil Rights-Political

Rights-The Suffrage-Woman Suffrage—

Majority Rule-Reasons for Majority Rule

The Rights of the Minority-The Law of

Averages-Qualifications for Popular Gov-

ernment.

CHAPTER IV.

THE DUTIES OF GOVERNMENT....

Introductory-The Three Departments of Gov-

ernment-The Chief Duties of Government-

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Political Freedom and Individual Freedom--

Liberty and License-Other Duties of Gov-

ernment-Public Works-Other Aids to Public

Progress-Dangers of Governmental Action.

CHAPTER V.

GOVERNMENT IN THE UNITED STATES.......

The Federal Republic-Constitutional Govern-

ment The Congress-Congress Controls the

Philippines--The Judiciary-The Executive—

The State Governments--Local Government

in the United States - Political Parties-

The Primary-The Power of Political Parties.

PART II

The Organization of Government in the

Philippines

CHAPTER VI.

THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AMERICAN SOVER-

EIGNTY....

Government in the Philippines before 1898–

Government in the Philippines before the

Spanish Conquest-Government of Spain in

the Philippines-The Encomienda System-

Provincial and Municipal Government-

Defects and Excellencies of the Spanish Sys-

tem--The Treaty of Paris-The Military

Government-The Instructions of McKinley-

Continuation of Spanish Laws.

CHAPTER VII.

THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION-ORGANIZATION

AND PURPOSE..

The First Commission-Regulative Principles
of American Government-The Second Philip-
pine Commission-Instructions to the Second

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Philippine Commission-The Spooner Amend-

ment-General Nature of the Philippine Gov-

ernment-The Composition of the Second Phil-

ippine Commission.

CHAPTER VIII.

THE PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURE.........

I. THE PHILIPPINE COMMISSION.

The Legislature-Equality of Power-Extent

of Jurisdiction--Legislative Procedure of the

Commission--Quorum-Acts and Resolutions

-Executive and Public Sessions-Drafting

of Laws-The Passage of a Bill.

II.

THE PHILIPPINE ASSEMBLY.

Condition of Establishment-Apportionment

of Delegates-Election of Delegates-Ses-

sions of the Legislature--Methods of Proce-

dure-Commissioners to the United States-

Freedom of Delegates from Arrest-Com-

pensation of Delegates-The Work of a Dele-
gate-Party Loyalty-Statesmanship-The
First Philippine Assembly-Organization of
the First Assembly-The Message of the
Governor-General-Delegates to the First
Philippine Assembly-First Joint Resolution
of the Legislature-Roosevelt's Response.

CHAPTER IX.

THE EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS..

Four

Executive Duties of the Governor-General-

Division of Executive Duties-The

Executive Departments-The Grouping of

Bureaus-Duties of the Secretaries-Special

Executive Divisions.

CHAPTER X.

THE BUREAUS OF THE INSULAR GOVERNMENT..

The Executive Bureau-Appointment of Bureau

Chiefs-The Bureau of Civil Service-The

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Bureau of Health-The Bureau of Lands-

The Bureau of Science-The Bureau of

Agriculture-The Bureau of Forestry-The

Bureau of Quarantine Service-The Weather

Bureau-The Bureau of Constabulary-The

Bureau of Public Works--The Bureau of

Navigation-The Bureau of Posts-The Bu-
reau of Coast and Geodetic Survey--The
Bureau of Justice-The Bureau of Audits-
The Bureau of Customs-The Bureau of
Internal Revenue-Other Bureaus.

CHAPTER XI.

THE ELECTION LAW....

The Suffrage-Qualifications of Electors-The

Elector's Oath-Disqualifications for Vot-

ing-Qualifications of Elective Officers-

Disqualifications for holding Public Office-

Election Days and Terms of Office-Post-

ponement, Pluralities, and Vacancies-Polling
Places-Inspectors of Elections-Voting-
The Canvass of the Elections-Penalties for
Corrupt Practices-The Purity of the Ballot.

CHAPTER XII.

THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENTS.

The Three Classes of Provinces-The Need

for Provincial Government-Provincial Of-

ficers-The Provincial Board-Legislative

Duties of the Provincial Board-Duties of

the Provincial Governor-The Duties of the

Third Member-The Duties of the Treasurer

-The Duties of the Fiscal-Residence-The

Special Provincial Government Act-Officers

of non-Christian Provinces-Provincial Boards
of non-Christian Provinces-The Townships
-The Rancherias-The Moro
Moro Province-

Districts and Officers.

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