410. 'I assured him that, in case he should ever act so madly, I would without hesitation put him to death.' 'In case (that)' may pass for a conjunction. The phrase form is 'I assured him that, in case of his acting so madly-in the event of such mad conduct-I would without hesitation put him to death.'

EXERCISE 346.

1. Had he not been greatly encouraged, he would not have undertaken such a task. 2. The judge himself would be punished in case he should transgress the law. 3. Too blest, indeed, were such happiness were it unalloyed. 4. If he decide wrongly, he must answer for his fault to heaven. 5. In case we are surprised, keep by me. 6. If you had not helped me, I should have failed. 7. You will not remain strong, except you take more exercise. 8. He said he would employ me, provided he should find me duly qualified. 9. The Duke thought himself best entitled, in case the King should die without issue, to possess the royal dignity. 10. Had the Plantagenets succeeded in uniting all France under their government, it is probable that England would never have had an independent existence.

411. Though he learned slowly, (yet) the little he did learn was learned well'=' For all his slowness-with all his slowness-notwithstanding his slowness-(yet) the little he did learn was learned well.'

Though everybody else got excited, he remained quite cool' Notwithstanding the universal excitement-in (or amidst) the general excitement-he remained cool.'

1.

EXERCISE 347.

I do forgive thee,
Unnatural though thou art.

2. Though he has had a good deal of experience, he is hardly to be trusted. 3. Notwithstanding he is very kind, he is often very tyrannical. 4. And yet, though he was provided with wings, the fool was drowned. 5. Even had the administration been faultless, the popular enthusiasm could not have been permanent. 6. Though the position of affairs has changed, there is still danger to be ap

prehended. 7. His life, notwithstanding it has many weaknesses and many errors, presents a picture of a certain grandeur of soul. 8. Although I had so many difficulties and fell so frequently into disgrace, I became proficient in the Latin tongue. 9. Were I to live to the age of Methusalem, the impression would not be effaced. 10. Though the seas threaten, they are merciful;

I have cursed them, albeit I had no cause.

412. Extravagant as this proposal was-however extravagant this proposal may have beenwhatever may have been the extravagance of this proposal-though (or notwithstanding) this proposal was (so or) very extravagant-I listened to it with pleasure. The same sense may be given by a variety of phrases:- For all the extravagance of this proposal notwithstanding the extravagance of this proposal-in spite of the extravagance of this proposal-I listened to it with pleasure.'

'I will buy it, cost what it may—whatever it may cost-though I should pay ever so high a price for it. Otherwise we might say: 'I will buy it at any cost.'

The change will be made whether you consent to it or not''The change will be made, with or without your consent-without regard to your consent-in spite of your opinion.'

EXERCISE 348.

1. Though we strongly remonstrated with him, yet he would not yield. 2. However fine the appearance he puts on, he has got no money in his pocket. 3. Exasperated as they were, men hesitated long before they drew the sword. 4. Whatever the event may be, we are safe. 5. However busy he might be, he would find time to do an act of kindness. 6. Whether you approve or disapprove of the scheme, it will be carried into effect. 7. Say what you will, I am determined to go. 8. We may safely affirm, whatever the rigid and bigoted maxims of that age may declare to the contrary, that persecution is not the best method of converting people. 9. Dependent and servile as the judges were, the majority against Hampden was the smallest possible. 10. And will you, nill you, I will marry you,

Adverbial Clause of Purpose into Prepositional Phrase. 413. Tragic composers came from all parts of Greece to Athens, that they might exhibit their genius' Tragic composers came to Athens for the exhibition of their genius.'

6

=

'Every precaution was taken that strangers should not be admitted-lest strangers should be admitted' Every precaution was taken against (for fear of the admission of strangers-for (or in order to, with a view to) the exclusion of strangers.'

EXERCISE 349.

1. He laboured earnestly that abuses might be reformed. 2. I repeated my orders that there might be no mistake. 3. Decided steps have been taken that the difficulty may be settled at once. 4. They will do their utmost lest he should be elected. 5. He spoke very severely that he might discourage such practices. 6. They were forbidden to touch the mountain lest they should die. 7. The Scribes and Pharisees sought to catch something out of his mouth that they might accuse him. 8. He labours hard that he may become rich. 9. Love not sleep lest thou come to poverty. 10. He died that our sins might be forgiven.

Adverbial Clause of Result into Prepositional Phrase.

414. They passed in open day through the streets of Mecca, so that the inhabitants were astonished': or, to the astonishment of the inhabitants.'

'The fidelity of the legions might protect him so that the secret dagger of assassination should not reach him' The fidelity of the legions might protect him against the secret dagger of assassination.'

'We could not look at each other that we did not laugh-but we laughed'=' We could not look at each other without laughing.

EXERCISE 350.

1. Prelacy was abolished in Scotland, so that the people rejoiced greatly. 2. A great many visitors came at one time, so

that we were put to some inconvenience. 3. He sits on the rock dripping, so that the spectators are considerably amused. 4. We found that the danger had been exaggerated, so that we were greatly relieved. 5. Jesus answered him to never a word, insomuch that the governor marvelled greatly. 6. He was sufficiently defended by his coat of mail so that the blows of his enemies fell harmless upon him. 7. You cannot open your eyes but you will see similar cases. 8. I cannot speak but you find fault with me. 9. He restrained his men so that they did not charge too soon. 10. We never met that we did not fight and scratch.

Adverbial Clause of Manner (Resemblance) replaced by Prepositional Phrase.

415. He has acted as he was instructed'='He has acted up to his instructions-in accordance with (according to, in conformity with, &c.) his instructions.'

'He looked as if he had seen a ghost. In full, the statement would be: 'He looked as he would (or might) look (or have looked) if he had seen a ghost. Otherwise: He looked like one that had seen a ghost.'

The country people seem to suspect me as a conjuror.' The complete expression reads: 'to suspect me as (they would suspect) a conjuror.' Addison writes: The country people seem to suspect me for a conjuror.'

1.

EXERCISE 351.

The gown is made

Just as my master had direction. 2. As thou hast believed, so be it done unto thee.

3. All hast

thou spoken as my thoughts are. 4. He acts as if he were guilty. 5. Their ranks are breaking as thin clouds break before a Biscay gale. 6. These gentlemen did not write the papers with a design of being known as the authors. 7. He wept as if he had been a child. 8. The shepherd's boy was piping as though he should never be old. 9. He writes as if he had no hope. 10. I'll own him as a son. 11. They spoke as if they meant what they said.

12. And the great Lord of Luna fell at that deadly stroke, As falls on Mount Alvernus a thunder-smitten oak.

2. ADVERBIAL CLAUSE replaced by PARTICIPLE.

Adverbial Clause of Cause into Participial Phrase
(Simple).

416. He worked with the greatest vigour, for (as, since, because, &c.) he was determined to distinguish himself'=' He worked with the greatest vigour, being determined to distinguish himself.'

Since (as, because, &c.) he was anxious for military service, he joined the expedition as a volunteer'' He joined the expedition as a volunteer, being anxious for military service.'

EXERCISE 352.

1. Some affect to feel hurt for your dignity, because they suppose that menaces are held out to you. 2. As the population had been trained to arms, they were not unprepared for war. 3. His attendants were troubled, since they feared he might impair the authority of the Koran. 4. He went away in great anger, for he had taken offence at some remarks. 5. Philoctetes was left behind, as he was too ill to proceed to Troy. 6. His daughters wept and lamented, for they thought he was going to certain death. 7. We were sad, because we feared you would not come. 8. This book is certainly true, for it was made by Him that cannot lie. 9. At this his relations were sore amazed, not because they believed that what he said was true, but because they thought some distemper had got into his head. 10. In marriage, a woman indeed ventures most, for she hath no sanctuary to retire to from an evil husband.

Adverbial Clause of Time into Participial Phrase

(Absolute).

417. When the enemy came in sight, the decks were cleared for action': = The enemy having come

in sight, the decks were cleared for action.'

=

'Then a moment's pause, while both sides look up at the spinning ball' Then a moment's pause, both sides looking up at the spinning ball.'

EXERCISE 353.

1. When the fire was extinguished, the mob dispersed. 2. As soon as the signal is given, the enemy open fire, 3. After the lion