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$9,711.82.

(Certified.)

No. 4.

New York, Jan. 20, 1895.

Edwd. B. Wilson (Brownville, Conn.), amt. loaned him,

Ist mtg., 5 yrs., 5%, his bond, on house and lot 842

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221 50

9,000

100

Hobson & Co. (12 March St., Boston). Ins. prems. on bldgs. 926 & 932 June St., Boston, each $5,500, @ 1. Expire Jan. 20, 1898

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$3,484.82.

New York, Feb. 3, 1895.

No. 7.

Mary Brown (978 E. 35th St., N. Y.). Dressmaker's bill for myself from May 1, 1894, to date

No. 8.

New York, Feb. 3, 1895.

Bilson & Co., groceries from Jan. 1, 1895 to date

No. 9.

9,431 50

176 19

41 67

New York, Feb. 5, 1895.

Wright & Sons (908 E. 22d St., N. Y.). Carpenter work

on houses in W. 72d St. N. Y.-2 storm doors, cellar
stairs, etc.

232 15

9,881 51

The most conveniently arranged check-books are those having two sets of lines ruled on the backs of the stubs (on the pages which are to be used for the memoranda of deposits), as is shown in the preceding pages, the two columns nearest the centres of the pages being intended for the dollars and cents of the separate items making up the deposits, and the other two columns for the total amounts of the various deposits. When a check-book contains only one of these sets of lines (that which is intended for the total amounts), the several items of the deposits may be put down outside of the ruled columns (as on the fly-leaf represented on page 44, imagining the totals $9,716.66 and $216.66 to be in the ruled columns); otherwise mistakes, due to the confusion of figures, are likely to occur in adding up the columns of totals.

The names of the banks which issue the check-books usually do not appear in the books except upon the faces of the checks, and consequently when all the checks have been torn out, nothing will remain in the books to indicate the names of the banks. It is therefore a convenient practice to write the names of the banks on the fly-leaves or first pages of the check-books, as is shown on page 44. It is also well to indicate the time of opening an account at a certain bank by marking the opening deposit "First deposit."

When a page of checks shall be used up, the columns of checks and deposits should be added up and the sums carried over to the tops of the respective next following pages; the balance (obtained by subtracting the sum of the checks from the sum of the deposits) should also be put down in small figures at the upper left-hand corner of each page of checks. When adding up the columns of checks and deposits, the amounts which have been carried over from the preceding pages, and placed at the tops of the pages in question, must of course be included in the additions.

The balances, which are written in small figures at the top of each page of checks, are the actual balances at the bank to the credit of the depositor. It is most necessary that these balances shall be correct, else the depositor may be deceived and overdraw her account. The follow

ing is an excellent method of verifying the balances, which will remove all danger of mistakes: The balance is first obtained in the regular manner, by subtracting the sum of the checks from the sum of the deposits, and a memorandum (not in the check-book) is made of its amount; it is obtained a second time by adding the sum of the deposits which have been made since the last previous balance, to the last previous balance, and from this sum subtracting the sum of the checks which have been issued since the last previous balance. Thus, referring to pages 46 and 47, the balance which is first to be obtained will be $12,916.32 - $9,431.50 $3,484.82. The sum of the deposits which have been made since the last previous balance and the last previous balance will be (pages 46 and 47) $1,150.83 + $1,832.17 $9,711.82 $12,694.82, and the sum of the checks will be $9,000 + $100 + $110 $9,210. The latter subtracted from the former will give $12,694.82 $9,210 = $3,484.82, which corresponds with and verifies the balance which has been first obtained, which balance may then be entered in the check-book (at page 49) correct.

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A uniform and invariable rule should be adopted that all moneys which shall be received, from whatever source, and also all moneys which shall be disbursed, shall go through the bank in the regular manner; that is, that all checks and cash which shall be received shall be deposited in the bank, and that all bills and expenses shall be paid either with checks, which are drawn on the bank, or with cash which has been drawn from the bank. Also all items of principal should be distinctly marked " principal " in the check-book, as shown on pages 44 and 47.

The application of these rules will be the means of making check-books available as perfect accounts of incomes and expenditures, and will enable the owners to know without difficulty the exact amounts of these items at all times and for all periods. Thus, from the foregoing pages representing the stubs of a check-book, the exact income which has been received from January 2, 1895, to February 4, 1895 (the items of principal being, as a matter of course, omitted),

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