ADA water, and runs through the middle or the village, over a quick descent of rocky bottom, offering great facilities for mills, and every kind of machinery driven by water. There are, in all, 3 gristmills, 5 sawmills, 2 fullingmills, 1 carding machine, 4 distilleries and 13 asheries. Population, 2457; school districts, 10; taxable property, $175072; electors, 462; 2314 cattle, 447 horses, families, 18959. In this town are many remains of those ancient works ACCOBONUCK, See E. HAMPTON. ADAMS, a Post-Township in the south part of Jefferson County, bound-4136 sheep: yards of cloth made in ed on the N. by Hounsfield and Watertown, E. by Rodman, S. by Lorraine and Ellisburgh, W. by Hender-so common in all the Western country son. It is about 6 miles square. The of the U. S. Pieces of the coarse lands are arable and rich, in an emi- earthen-ware and pipes, are frequently nent degree, and yield very sure and met with, and old stone hearths are good crops of wheat, rye, maize, oats, found many feet under ground. There pulse, flax, grass, and every usual are 7 of the tumular remains, of moagricultural product of that climate. derate height, with the ditch encircling The first settlements in this town, were them, the area from acre, to 2 acres made in 1801, by Yankees, who own each. W.S.,W.H. the soil they cultivate. Its waters are, the N. branch of Big Sandy Creek, and Stony Creek, which supply abundance of mill seats. The whole area, 23000 acres, 12058 are improved land, equal to 26 acres to every male inhabitant over 21 years of age. Near the centre of the Town, on the branch of Big Sandy Creek, which I shall call, for convenience' sake, Adams Creek, is the village of Adams, where is the Post-Office, 45 dwellings, a Church and school-house and several stores, and about 400 inhabitants, 10 miles from Lake Ontario, and 160 from Albany, The Creek affords plenty of 2 C ADAMS'S MILLS, see WOLCOTT. ADAMSVILLE, and Troy Iron and Nail Works, see TROY. The perfection of order, depends much on putting every thing in its proper position, using things, and places, according to their several adaptations. Whoever visits this busy little village, will at once say it stands exactly in the right spot, or that the place was evidently formed for just such business. The late Col. Adams, thought so too, and, under his direction, that business filled this circular valley, this sequestered, dismal dell, with its waterworks, shops, houses, a smiling, indus. trious population, and the tremendous roar of its vast machinery. Much has been said about diverting the waters of the Poesten-Kill, from their old channel, and conducting them to the Hudson across the City of Troy. In my opinion, however, we had better locate our works out of the City, than bring these waters into the midst of it, for so many reasons that I have not time to mention them. ADDISON, a Post-Township of Steuben County, 25 miles S. of Bath, bounded N. by Cameron, E. by Painted Post, S. by the State of Pennsylvania, W. by Troupsburgh and Canisteo. It comprises Townships 1 and 2, range 3, and 1, and the S. half of No. 2, range 4 of Phelps and Gorham's purchase, and is watered by the Canisteo and Tuscarora Creeks, the former a navigable stream, and a correspondent also mentions the Cornisca. It is a broken Township, of little value except for its timber, principally pine, hemlock, and tracts of beech, maple, elm, ash, &c., though there is said to be some good land, and considerable that may make grazing farms. Its advance in settlements and population is but slow. Cameron was erected from the N. part of the former Town of Addison, (described in the 1st edition of this work,) in 1822, but the numbers below are inclusive of both Towns. There is a kind of sand-stone found in this country, which is used for grind-stones. The post-office is 28 miles from Bath. AELPLAATS KILL, rises in Galway, and runs S. about 12 miles, through Charlton and Schenectady, to the Mohawk. See CHARLTON. AGANUSCHIONI, or United People, see SCHENECTADY CITY. This is the appellation of the confederacy of Indigenes, which they gave themselves, before known to Europeans, afterwards called the Six Nations, and the Iroquois. AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL, suggested, see STEPHENtown, Westford, OtSEGO COUNTY, HENRIETTA, &c. AKERLY'S GEOLOGY, see NEW- ALBANY BUSH, see JOHNSTOWN. ALBANY CITY, the capital of the State of New-York, and of the County of Albany, is situated on the west bank of Hudson river, near the head of tide water, 144 miles N. of the city of New-York, 30 miles N. of Hudson, 6 miles S. of Troy, and 15 about S. E. from Schenectady. In wealth, population, trade, and resources, it is next in rank to the City of New-York, in this State, and takes about the 6th or 7th rank among the principal Towns in the United States. The City of Albany, agreeably to the Charter, is one mile wide on the river, and extends due N. W. to the N. line of the Manor of Rensselaer, holding its width of one mile, and is about 13 miles long, the right of soil of which is the absolute property of the Corporation in perpePopulation, 652: 151 farmers, 13 tuity. It is bounded Northerly by the mechanics; 2 free blacks: taxable Township of Watervliet, and by the property, $155450 5 schools, 4 County of Schenectady; Southerly by months in 12; $143.84; 124; 140: Guilderlandt and Bethlehem; Easter141 electors, 1515 acres improved ly by the Hudson or the County of land, 687 cattle, 64 horses, 1035 Rensselaer: and, with the small exsheep: 6149 yards cloth: 1 gristmill, ception noticed below, the boundaries 8 sawmills. J.D., E.C. have never been altered from the oriADGATE'S FALLS, see CHESTER-ginal Charter, granted in 1686. The FIELD. ADIQUATANGUE, or CHARLOTTE river, one of the N. E. branches of the Susquehanna, forming a part of the boundaries of Otsego and Delaware Counties. area is about 7160 acres, which also constitutes a Township, for all the purposes of civil government. Of this extent, only a small proportion is under populous improvement, or any kind of cultivation, the western part having a sterile clay or sandy soil, principally || 1900 feet to the Capitol, with an ave rage ascent of 6 feet in 100. The Public Square, an open space of liberal extent, spreads a handsome area on the E. side of the Capitol; and from the centre of this, Washingtonstreet, spacious and level, extends westward in a right line on a com in wood, while the compact population is immediately on the margin of the Hudson. To the stranger, the situation of Albany is seldom thought pleasing; for the ground is singularly uneven, and there is a peculiar dissonance of taste in the plan of the city, as well as in the style of its architec-manding plain, to the junction of the ture. A low alluvial flat extends along the river, and in the rear of this rises the river-hill, abruptly, to near the height of the plain which extends to Schenectady. This flat is from 15 to 100 rods wide ;-and the hill, which is composed of alternate strata of fine blue clay and silicious sand, though deeply gullied by some small watercourses, rises, within mile of the ri} ver in the direction of State-street, till it gain an elevation of 153 feet; thence, for another half mile, the ascent is about 60; making about 220 feet above the level of the river, in the distance of 1 mile. Great Western Turnpikes. These streets have been laid out in a style which may be characterized as modern in Albany, being straight and spacious, North Pearl-street, extends N. from State-street to the northern extremity of the city, just on the brow of the river-hill, and next W. of N. Market-st.: and S. Pearl, formerly Washington-st., opens on the S. side of State-st., opposite N. Pearl-st., extending S. to the S. bounds of the city, ranging just at the foot of the river-hill. Between this and S. Market-street, there are several other streets, and a compact population, crowded, on the N. towards Statestreet, but thin in the southern part where S. Pearl-street diverges westward from the river, between which lie the grounds formerly denominated the Pasture, from their being appro were originally subject to annual inundation, and though recently raised some feet, are now hardly above highwater mark. N. and S. Market-streets, are the most populous and rich, and do by far the most business. But, through the compact population on each side of State-street, other streets extend from the hill to the river, parallel to State-street, which are closely The principal streets of Albany are parallel with the river, except Statestreet, a spacious and central one that extends from the Hudson to the Capitol, being nearly east and west, with several others, less considerable, inter-priated to grazing. The flats here secting the main streets nearly at right angles. S. Market, formerly Courtstreet, extends from the Ferry, at the southern extremity of the coinpact part and near the S. bounds of the city to State-street, and has a large share of population and business. N. Market-street opens opposite this, and extends from State-street to the northern bounds of the city, and to near the Mansion House of Major-General Ste-built, and contain many very valuable phen Van Rensselaer. These streets thus extend through the city nearly parallel with the Hudson, between which there are several other streets, less extensive, as Dock-street, Quaystreet, &c., populous, principally occupied with store-houses, shops, &c.— State-street, extends from the river in a narrow avenue to the open area at the meeting of N. and South Marketstreets, where it opens to the liberal width of 150 to 170 feet, and extends brick houses and stores; these are intersected by others also in opposite directions, a bare enumeration of which would be useless and uninteresting, while it would swell this article far beyond the limits assigned to it. The position of Albany was first chosen by a commercial people, for a military post, that should extend the trade with the Indians, and give to that trade a better security and character. Here seemed the head of the |