geological character and position re-tonwood, and hemlock, all of luxuriquire a passing notice, this town being ant growth, and yielding large crops near the SE. extremity, in a long and of all kinds of grain, grass, and the narrow projection from the great se- fruits of this climate. It is well supcondary region of the west. See Ge- plied with durable springs and brooks. ology, and the Map. The lands are The surface is agreeably diversified owned by the cultivators. Staple pro- with hill and dale, formed by gentle, ductions, clover seed, beef, pork, but-parallel ridges, lying nearly N. and S. ter and cheese, and most kinds of The inlets of Sodus, East, and Port grain. The inhabitants are Yankees, Bays, supply good mill seats, and mills or immigrants from New-England, of in plenty. A road, in continuation of good morals, and very industrious.- the Alluvial Way, or Ridge Road, Population, 1752: taxable property, runs through this town, in a direction $240752 328 electors, 6131 acres from Rochester, on which a bridge of improved land, 1585 cattle, 434 hors-mile in length, has lately been erectes, 4267 sheep: 18209 yards clothed, across Sodus bay, at Port Glas4 grist mills, 13 saw mills, 5 fulling gow. This bay forms a commodious mills, 3 carding machines, 1 trip ham- and safe harbor, and has 6 to 8 feet of mer, 5 distilleries, and 7 asheries.- water on the bar at the entrance. It The farmers, including buildings, fences has 3 islands, of considerable size, unand husbandry, in this town, are en-der cultivation, and the whole circumtitled to particular notice and commendation. Such farmers are the proper persons to furnish clean clover seed, quite a business in this and some of the adjoining townships in the S. of this County. A.L.,D.H. ference of the bay, with its coves and points, is about 15 miles. Its waters are deep and clear, abound with fish and fowl, and its shores have a great many elegant sites for buildings, commanding extensive and highly picturesque views. Port Glasgow, at the WINNE'S BAR, in the Hudson, 8 miles below Albany, see ALBANY CI-head of navigation on the bay, has a TY and BETHLEHEM. pleasant situation, and a good harbor; WISKOY CREEK, see NUNSKOV C. and from this place to the village of WITCHCRAFT, trial for, said to be Clyde, in Galen, on the Erie Canal, the only one on record, as having oc- there is a good road, over a portage of curred in this State, see BROOKHAVEN. 10 miles. A road is also now openWOLCOTT, a large Post-Township ing from Adams's Mills, on the inlet of at the N. end of Seneca County, 22 Port Bay, to the Canal at Bucksville, in miles N. of Waterloo, 9 N. of the Mentz. There are numerous roads, Erie Canal, in Galen; bounded N. on communicating with the villages of Lake Ontario, E. by Sterling of Cay- Rochester, Canandaigua, Geneva, Wauga County, S. by Galen, W. by Ly-terloo, Auburn, Oswego, Utica, &c.ons and Sodus. This town embraces the head, and the principal part of Sodus, or Great Sodus Bay, with its Islands, all of East Bay and Port Bay, and on the E. extends to Little Sodus Bay. Including these bays its extent is 12 miles E. and W., and about 11 N. and S. The soil is generally a deep, warm, and mellow sandy loam, composed of sand, gravel, and clay, in various proportions; timbered with beech, maple, bass, elm, but See the APPENDIX. Iron ore abounds, for the working of which there are now in operation a Furnace and Forge, owned by the Messrs. Chapin, from Salisbury, in Connecticut, men of experience in bu|siness. Several Salt Springs have been discovered, but are not yet worked. The inhabitants are principally Yankees, immigrants from the NewEngland States, whose large improvements, buildings, and fine orchards, indicate a high degree of prosperity. About 20000 acres of new lands are yet for sale in this town, to actual set NA. WOOD CREEK LANDING, see VERO tlers only, on a long credit, at the Pul-aid or agency of war, literally coverteney Land Office, in Geneva. The ed with passing boats, bearing on its title is perfectly good, and I would ad- little wave, the treasures and the com vise the sons of industry, from Ver- merce of a great and rapidly expandmont, Maine, and New-Hampshire, ing scene of enterprize and industry. looking for a freehold, to visit Wol- WOOD CREEK, of Oneida Lake, is cott, a flourishing town, finely situated, connected with the Mohawk, by the already accommodated with good canal at Rome, through which the naroads, mills, &c. East Wolcott Post-vigation is extended to the Oneida Office, is in the E. part, 11 miles, by Lake. This stream receives several the Post-Office books, from Port Glas- branches; and Fish Creek, which engow, where the Wolcott P. O. is kept.ters it from the N. near its mouth, is Sodus bay, is 30 miles E. of Port Ge- longer and larger than itself. nesee, 30 W. of Oswego, and 12 N. of Lyons V., on the Canal. Population, in 1810, 480; in 1820, 2867: 747 farmers, 114 mechanics, 7 traders; 4 foreigners not naturalized; 2 free blacks; 1 slave: taxable property, $517954: 27 school districts; schools kept 6 months in 12; public monies received in 1821, $298.94; 654 children between 5 and 15 years of age; 708 received instruction that year: 562 electors: 5534 acres of improved land; 2034 cattle, 214 horses, 3719 sheep: 17282 yards of cloth made in families in 1821: 4 grist mills, 12 saw mills, a carding machine and clothier's works, 3 distilleries, and 4 asheries. A.M.N.,C.,J.C.,D.T. WOLFE ISLAND, U.C., see LYME, and GRAND Isle. WOODSTOCK, a Post-Township of Ulster County, 14 miles NW. of Kingston, bounded N. by Greene County, S. by Hurley, W. by Shandakan. This town is mountainous or hilly, and much of the land is yet in a state of nature. The Ulster and Delaware turnpike leads W. into Delaware County, and there is also a short turnpike from the glass factories in this town, to Saugerties on the Hudson.There are 2 churches; a Lutheran, and Dutch Reformed. The land is held by lease for three lives. There are two glass factories in this town, a bloomery, and some mills. The Kaatsbergs of Greene County, are here assuming their mountain characWOLF RIFT, see GERMAN FLATS. ter, and soon mount to a lofty altitude WOOD CREEK, of Lake Champlain, on the north, as if indignant that the rises in Kingsbury, and runs N. by inconsiderable streams of Ulster CounFort Anne Village, to the head of L. ty should have worn their way to the Champlain, at Whitehall Landing, for-Hudson, through these ancient ridges merly Skenesborough. Its whole of the Apallachian mountains. The course may be 23 miles, and it re- inhabitants are reserving coal mines, ceives several branches, one of which is Pawlet River, from Vermont, across the NE. of Granville, uniting with Wood Creek near the centre of the town of Whitehall. This stream, formerly of no small importance in the Indian Canoe, and French and British Batteau navigation, in the various wars of our olden times, is now very intimately connected with the CHAMPLAIN CANAL, for which see that article. It is again, though without the * See the APPENDIX. in all their transfers of land, and a highly respectable correspondent writes me, they are now boring for coal, and have obtained about 20 bushels, of the anthracite species, which has been used by smiths in the vicinity, and tried in New-York, and found to be of superior quality.' I may here remark, that, as Woodstock lies W. of a main ridge of the long chain of mountains that pervade the United States, that valley may afford the true coal, of bitumenous origin, likely to exist in large fields. I would sooner expect it there, than in any part of this state, apart from the gypsum and salt spring region of the western district, where it probably exists in immense fields, but far below the surface. There is a large pond in this town, that affords abundance of very fine pickerel. The Bristol and Woodstock glass manufactories, are said to produce good profits, and good glass. Population, 1312; taxable property, $42326; electors, 238; school districts, 7; acres improved land, 4633; 962 cattle, 199 horses, 1329 sheep: 5564 yards of cloth made in families: 2 grist mills, and 12 saw mills. See MOUNT PLEA SANT. C.T. It YANKEE STREET, see FLORIDA. WORCESTER, a Post-Township in YATES T., see the APPENDIX. the SE. corner of Otsego County, 16 YATES COUNTY, see the APPENDIX. miles SE. of Cooperstown, 56 W. of YATES'S MILLS, see SULLIVAN. Albany; bounded N. by Decatur, E. YELLOW HOOK, see BROOKLYN. by Cobuskill, and SE. by Summit of YONKERS, a Post-Township of WestSchoharie County, S. by Davenport chester County, on the E. bank of the of Delaware County, and W. by Ma- Hudson, immediately above New-York ryland. Charlotte creek forms its Island, 18 miles N. of New-York, 131 southern boundary, and the Shenevas S. of Albany, and 10 SW. of Whitecreek, a fine stream, runs nearly cen- Plains; bounded N. by Greensburgh, tral SWestward, on which are fine E. by East-Chester, and a small angle Bats. The soil is luxuriant for grass, of Westchester, or by Bronx creek, S. and tolerably good for grain. There by Westchester and New-York City are two churches, one for Congrega- and County, W. by the Hudson. tionalists, and one for Baptists. It is extends near 8 miles along the Huda good township of land, well supplied son, and has a medial width of near with mill-seats, and has some hills, three miles. Saw-mill creek, enters and fine flats and vallies, with but lit- the Hudson near the centre of the W. tle waste land. Worcester was first line, at the little village of Yonkers; erected into a town from Cherry-Val- and Bronx creek has also a branch ley, in 1797; and on the organization across the NE. corner that affords mill of this County in 1801, embraced the seats, of which there are abundance. whole tract now divided into Worces- The surface is considerably broken, ter, Maryland, Westford and Decatur. but the lands are well cultivated, and Population, in 1810, 1140; in 1820, pretty productive. The heights of 1938: 478 farmers, 58 mechanics, Fordham, with Tetard's hill, Boar hill, and 6 traders: 56 foreigners not natu- and the N. part of Valentine's hill, ralized; 21 free blacks: taxable pro-names well known in the Revolutionperty, $147287: 9 schools, kept 6 ary war, are in this town, as are the months in 12; $199.74; 550; 520: ruins of Fort Independence. The 396 electors; 6880 acres of improved road to Albany lies along the bank of land; 1415 cattle, 412 horses, 3332 the Hudson, where are many fine sheep 11937 yards of cloth: 3 grist views, and handsome sites for country mills, 8 saw mills, 2 fulling mills, 3 seats. Yonkers Village, at the mouth carding machines, 1 trip hammer, 3 of Saw-mill creek, was formerly calldistilleries, and 3 asheries. E.W.,B.G. ed Phillipsburgh. Population, 1586; 231 farmers, 83 mechanics, and 6 tra- COTTVILLE. The surface of this townders; 2 foreigners not naturalized; ship is gently undulated, its timber 125 free blacks; 36 slaves: taxable beech, maple, butternut, hickory and property, $530015: 5 school districts, iron-wood. Its extent N. and S. 12 schools kept 11 months in 12; $110.20 miles, E. and W. 6. Limestone Lake, public monies; 381 children between [every thing is a lake, in the lake re5 and 15 years of age; 197 attended gion of the W.,] a small pond of near the schools in 1821: electors, 305; 2 miles in length, about 1 mile broad, 12318 acres improved land; 997 cat in the E. part of this township, distle, 328 horses, 1506 sheep: 3638 charges Limestone creek northward yards cloth: 6 grist mills, 6 saw mills, to the Cattaraugus. This pond takes 2 fulling mills, 1 carding machine, its name from a whitish substance at and 1 distillery. S.M.,S.D.,J.W. the bottom, resembling lime. It also receives a small inlet, called Limestone brook: and this town sends a streamlet S. to Olean creek, across Ischua. The settlements are few and small, but increasing. The land is owned by the Holland Company, as are all those of this County, except such, but a very small part of the whole, as have been sold to settlers.-— Population, 313: taxable property, $93622: 76 electors; 520 acres improved land; 224 cattle, 140 horses, 345 sheep: yards of cloth made in families in 1821, 2471: 1 grist mill, and 1 saw mill: no returns as to H.S.,J.A.B.,W.J.W. YORK, a Post-Township in the NW. part of Livingston County, 7 miles NNW. of Geneseo; bounded N. by Le Roy of Genesee County, and by Caledonia, E. by Avon, or the Genesee river, S. by Leicester, W. by Genesee County. It has the Genesee river along its E. boundary, and there are some very small streams that run into it, which afford a scanty supply of mill-seats. The land is good, much like that of Avon, the adjoining town on the east. The Canewagus Reservation, in the NE. part, on the river, is a fine body of land, such as Indians like to Reserve,' rich, easy to culti- schools. 6 vate, good for corn and potatoes. See NUNDA. York was erected, from . parts of Caledonia and Leicester,' March 26, 1819. Population, 1729: 528 farmers, 35 mechanics; 36 foreigners; 1 free black, 2 slaves: taxable property, $181253: 14 schools, 7 months in 12; no report of public monies in 1821; 458; 531: 392 electors, 7609 acres improved land, 2111 cattle, 345 horses, 4512 sheep: 13006 yards of cloth: 2 grist mills, 1 saw mill, 2 fulling mills, 2 carding machines, 2 distilleries, 3 asheries. YORKSHIRE, and Ridings of, see KINGS COUNTY. YORKTOWN, a Post-Township of Westchester County, 45 miles N. of New-York, 116 S. of Albany, and 8 NW. of Bedford; bounded N. by Putnam County, E. by Somers and New-Castle, S. by New-Castle, W. by Cortlandt. Its length N. and S. 10 miles, and it is nearly 4 miles wide.— The N. is broken by the hills of the southern border of the Highlands, and the general surface is hilly, though its hills are of a moderate height in the south. A branch of Peekskill creek YORK ISLAND, Y. BAY, HARBOR, in the N., of Croton creek in the W., &c., see NEW-YORK. together with Croton creek that crossYORKSHIRE, a Township of Catta-es the S. end, supply abundance of raugus County, 14 miles NNE. of El- mill-seats. The soil is generally prolicottville; bounded N. by Cattarau- ductive, and well distributed into aragus creek, or the County of Erie, E. ble, pasture and meadow lands. Much by Freedom, S. by Ischua, W. by El- of it is stony; and previous to the late licottville. It was erected in 1821, introduction of gypsum as a manure, from Ischua, and for the rule by which many farms were nearly exhausted I compute its population, see ELLI- by bad tillage. A resident Corres A.L.C.,N.C.T. teer, nor is it at all necessary they pondent writes me, July 24, 1822, |