ship in the NW. angle of Ulster, sends some small waters into Delaware, and some to Sullivan Counties; and Esopus creek rises here also, which winds through Marbletown, Hurley, Kingston and Saugerties, where it enters the Hudson, 11 miles N. of Kingston Village. There are many other small streams, as Saw-kill, Plattekill, Good-beer, &c. The uplands are, in general, rich and productive, where not made too rugged by the hills; and the flats, along the above streams, are very expensive, with considerable tracts of recent and rich alluvion, though interspersed with clay and argillaceous mold. The marble of this County is of superior fineness, but very hard. The Esopus mill-stones, have as high as widely extended reputation; and a stone is found in vast abundance, in the Shawangunk mountain of this County, which proves little if any inferior to that imported for the Buhr mill-stones. Limestone, slate, marle, and iron ore, are found in great abundance, and lead, native alum, plumbago, coal, peat, and a variety of pigments, have been found. Nor must we omit here the enormous bones of the Mammoth, noticed under Shawangunk. There is much of hereditary succession among the farmers of this County, and of farming wealth. A large proportion of the houses are of a blue lime-stone, abundant here, and which is quarried and shaped with great ease. The early inhabitants of this County, were German and Dutch families; and it was settled as early as 1616. In 1662, Kingston had a settled Minister; and the County records commence about that time. This was one of the earliest of the Dutch settlements in this State. In 1686-7, a Dutch colony established itself in Shawangunk, 25 miles SW. of Kingston; and it is worthy of remark, that these lands are now in the lineal possession of the 5th generation. In 1710, some German families arrived from the Palatinate of Hesse Cassel, noticed under Manners and Customs. Nor must we omit to notice the burning of Kingston, or Esopus, in 1777, by the British fleet under Vaughan, and the sufferings of the inhabitants, during the Revolutionary contest for Independence. Kingston Village, the capital of this County, is in the town of Kingston, delightfully situated on the S. side, in view of Esopus creek, and has the Post-Office, 165 houses, an elegant new Court-House, that cost $40000, 3 printing-offices, a church, an academy, and a masonic lodge.

Statistics.-Ulster elects 3 Members of Assembly; and, with Sullivan, 1 Representative to Congress, forming the 7th district: Townships, 13; PostOffices, 13: Population, 30934: ratio of increase per annum, 3 per cent : whites, 28814; free blacks, 597; slaves, 1523: foreigners not naturalized, 105: Of the employments, 3351 are employed in agriculture, 16 in commerce, and 9? in manufactures: electors, 5477; taxable property, $2259716; acres of improved land, occupied, 134035; neat cattle, 28193; horses, 6487; sheep, 32299: No. of yards of fulled cloth, manufactured in families, in 1821, 37362; of flannel, not fulled, 30814; of linen, cotton, &c., 119992 ;-total yards of cloth, 188168: No. of grist mills, 92; saw mills, 143; fulling mills, 23; carding machines, 53; cotton and woollen factories, 5; iron works, 1; trip hammers, 2; distilleries, 20; asheries, 10: No. of school districts, 114; schools kept in each, average, 9 months in 12; amount of public monies received in 1821, $3791.12; whole number of children between 5 and 15 years of age, 7529; No. of children taught in the schools during the year, 5184.

ULYSSES, a small Township of Tompkins County, 6 miles NW. of Ithaca, and 174 W. of Albany, on the W. shore of Cayuga Lake, having Jacksonville and Trumansburgh PostOffices; bounded N. by Covert of Se

neca County, E. by the Cayuga Lake, S. by Enfield and Ithaca, W. by Hector. The land is rich and productive. Halsey's Creek, an excellent mill stream, supplies abundance of mill-seats, and which falls, in one

place, over a perpendicular precipiceland is very good and productive.Nor are the farming lands confined to these tracts; the uplands, and hills, afford fine grazing and meadow lands. There are several small streams that afford mill-seats, of which there is an abundant supply. There is a quarry of stones used for grind stones.The land is held in fee, and while the getting of lumber causes too great negect of the soil, it is making destructive inroads upon the forest trees that ought to remain for future use. Unadilla Village, pleasantly situated on the Susquehanna, contains an Episcopal church, and about 60 dwellings and stores, the Post-Office, &c. In 1821, a handsome two story building was erected in this Village for purposes of education, in which are kept a classical school of about 30 scholars, and a common district school. There is a handsome toll-bridge across the Susquehanna, 250 feet long, 3 arches, well covered and painted, as ornamental to the Village, as it is useful. The Appian way turnpike from Newburgh to Oxford, leads through this town and the Village, and there are others in various directions. Huntsville, a new town, erected in 1822, took a slice off the E. part of Unadilla, and a part of the population, &c., returned in this town, now belong to Huntsville.— Population, 2194: 506 farmers, 110 mechanics, 13 traders; 6 foreigners : 19 free blacks: taxable property, $235815: 17 schools,7 months in 12; $282.46; 653; 810: 484 electors; 10657 acres improved land, 2324 cattle, 439 horses, 5144 sheep: 19206 yards cloth: 4 grist mills, 20 saw mills, 3 fulling mills, 6 carding machines, 1 distillery, 1 ashery.

of 210 feet. On this creek, there are
6 grist mills, 15 saw mills, and 2 oil
mills. The Post-Village of Tru-
mansburgh, is on the Ithaca and Gene-
va turnpike, 11 miles NW. of Ithaca,
35 SE. of Geneva, 24 W. of the Cay-
uga Lake, and a half mile S. of the N.
line of the township and the County.
It contains 30 dwellings, the Post-Of-
fice, 4 stores, 3 taverns, a Church,
[Presbyterian,] a school-house, 1 grain
mill, 9 mechanics' shops, a law office,
and 210 inhabitants. Jacksonville, a
small Post-Village, on the Newburgh
and Geneva turnpike, 168 miles W.
of Albany, has the Jacksonville Post-
Office, and about 20 dwellings. Pop-
ulation, estimated as in ENFIELD,
which see, at 2153: taxable property,
personal, 8886; total, $175734;
electors, ascertained by the Census of
this State, 411; acres of improved
land, 7660; 2135 head of cattle, 463 |
horses, 4579 sheep: 21180 yards of
cloth made in families in 1821; 5
grist mills, 13 saw mills, 2 oil mills, 3
fulling mills, 3 carding machines, 3
distilleries, and 1 ashery: 9 school
districts; schools kept 10 months;
$741.58 public monies received in
1821; 1013 children between 5 and
15; 898 taught that year. The lands
are held by right of soil. In 1821,
the old township of Ulysses, described
in the first edition of this Work, in
Seneca County, was divided into 3
townships, now of Tompkins County,
Ulysses, Ithaca, and Enfield.
ENFIELD for the apportionment I have
made of the population.

H.S.G.,D.J.S.,C.,J.S.

See

UNADILLA, a Post-Township in the extreme southern angle of Otsego County, 36 miles SW. of Cooperstown, and 100 W. of Albany; bounded N. by Butternuts and Otego, E. by Huntsville, SE. by Susquehanna river or the County of Delaware, W. by the Unadilla, or the County of Chenango. Its area may be 46 square miles.The surface is uneven and hilly, but along the streams that form the boundaries, as also some smaller ones, the

E.W.,T.R.A.,S.P.,J.B.,O.B.,E.P. UNADILLA CREEK, or RIVER, rises in the SE. corner of Oneida County, and runs nearly S., a little westward, about 40 miles to the Susquehanna River, forming the W. boundary of Otsego County, and in part the E. of Madison and Chenango Counties.Its principal tributaries are the Butternuts and Wharton Creeks, from

Otsego County, with many smaller ones from both sides, and it is a very fine stream. The name is of Indigenal origin, Tse, or Che-on-a-dil-ka, as spoken by the Oneidas, but I know nothing of its meaning.

UNDERWOOD'S P. O., see LITCH

FIELD.

UNION, a Post-Township of Broome County, 6 miles W. of ChenangoPoint, 140 W. of Catskill, and 150 from Albany; bounded N. by Lisle, E. by Chenango, S. by the State of Pennsylvania, W. by Tioga County. It is about 16 miles long N. and S., with a medial width of 7 miles. The

Susquehanna river runs centrally

UNION V., of Washington County, see GREENWICH and EASTON. UNION V., former name, see NAS

SAU.

UNION V., or UNION-STREET, or KNOX V., see KNOX.

UNITED SOCIETY OF BELIEVers, or SHAKERS, see NEW-LEBANON and WATERVLIET.

UNITED STATES' ARSENALS, see
WATERVLIET and ROME.
UNITED STATES' FOUNDRY, see
PHILLIPSTOWN.

UNITED STATES' MILITARY ACAD-
EMY, see WEST-POINT.

UNITY MILLS, see TAGHKANICK.
UNIVERSAL FRIENDS, see JERUSA-

UNKWAY, see OYSTER BAY.
UPPER REDHOOK LANDING, See
REDHOOK.

UPPER REDHOOK V. and P. O., see
REDHOOK.

UPTON'S POND, see STANFORD.

URBANA, a Post-Township of Steuben County, 7 miles NNE. of Bath, bounded N. by Pulteney, E.by Wayne, S. by Bath, W. by Wheeler. It was erected April 17, 1822, from the NE. part of Bath, and embraces parts of townships No. 5, in the 2d and 3d ranges of Phelps and Gorham's pur

across it to the W., and receives Nan-LEM. ticoke creek from the N., near the W. line. There are some smaller streams also, which afford mill-seats. The soil is warm and good for grain; the timber principally white-pine, with some oak, &c., on the richest lands, which are a warm gravelly loam.— Remote from the river, say 1 to 3 miles, the maple and beech lands commence, which are more moist, and natural for grass. The lands are principally held in fee, and have been settled since about 1790. There are 2 Post Offices, Union, as is indicated in calling it a Post-Township: and Nanchise, at the S. end of the Crooked ticoke Post-Office, at a settlement known by that name, 4 miles from the other Post-Office. Choconut is also the name of a settlement, familiarly used in this country. Population, 2037: 417 farmers, 63 mechanics, 2 traders; 4 foreigners; 23 free blacks: 6 slaves: taxable property, $289240:ed since the two late Censuses, its pop16 schools, 4 months in 12; $127.12; ulation is unknown, being included in 602: 527: 406 electors, 8217 acres that of Bath. The land is rough, improved land, 2044 cattle, 284 hor- much of it of little value, with some ses, 2242 sheep: 19211 yards cloth :good, but more poor land. 5 grist mills, 18 saw mills, 1 fulling mill, 4 distilleries, 1 ashery.

DY.

A.C.,C.P,.E.C.

Lake; and the law erecting it occupies a whole page, in print, in describing its boundaries! See also WHEELER. Its waters are very small, some little brooks that run into the S. end of the Crooked Lake, 5 or 6 miles of which are in this town. Having been erect

A.L.,R.J.M.

UTICA, a Post-Township of Oneida County, 96 miles WNW. of Albany,

UNION COLLEGE, see SCHENECTA-15 SE. of Rome, and 4 SE. of Whites

UNION SPRINGS P. O. and V., see AURELIUS and SPRINGPORT.

UNION VILLAGE, of Clinton County, see PERU.

borough; bounded NEasterly by the Mohawk river, E. by Frankfort of Herkimer County, SW. and NW. by Whitestown. The Village of Utica was formerly in Whitestown. But in

April, 1817, by an act of the Legisla-wards, and its government is vested in ture re-incorporating the Village of a President and Trustees, the latter Utica, a law of only 14 pages, [40th elected by the inhabitants. Under session, chap. 192, page 211,] the Vil- the old Constitution, its President was lage was incorporated, as expressed in appointed by the State Council of apthe title of the act, and, by the 30th pointment. A Clerk of the Supreme section, erected also into a township, of Court of this State, and of the U. S. the same extent as the Village. I am District Court, reside here, and I bethus particular, because, neither in the lieve some terms are held here every titles of the laws, nor in any Index, || year, of both these courts. A Correscould I find Utica noticed as a town. pondent says, 'Utica has 400 houses, It took me a half day to find the law a court house called an academy, or erecting it! The township of Utica is an academy a court house, 7 chuches, of small extent, being the same as that 2 banks, 5 printing establishments, of the Village, or Borough, and is easi- the Mohawk river and the Erie Canal, ly described. It is situated on the S. and is almost a city.' For the chaside of the Mohawk river, 96 miles racter of the inhabitants, see WHITESWNW. of Albany, on the site of old TOWN and PARIS, the same in enterFort Schuyler, N. Lat. 43° 06', W. prize and intelligence. Utica possesslongitude from New-York 1° 12'.— es a great amount of trading capital, The land is a rich alluvion, rising very and has made immense sums by trade. gently from the river, and was origi- It is adorned by many edifices, public nally covered with a very heavy growth and private, of good taste in architecof maple, beech, basswood, elm, and tural design, and is enriched by many hemlock trees, a few only of which yet very good institutions of a social chastand, singly, as monuments of the gi- racter, one of which is a Lyceum, a gantic stature of the forest growth that young institution, with 100 members so lately covered this spot. The Erie For some historic notices, see WHITESCanal passes through the very heart' TOWN, and the 1st edition of this of this Village, from which roads di- Work, published in 1813. Utica has verge in all directions: northward to properly but 2 banks, the bank of UtiSacket's Harbor and the St. Lawrence, ca, and a branch of the bank of Ontasouthward to the vallies of the Dela- rio; and the bank of Utica has a branch ware and Susquehanna rivers, west- in Ontario, the why and the wherefore ward to Buffalo, and eastward to Al- of which may possibly be understood bany. Utica has long been a thorough- by the stockholders. In 1794, Utica fare between Albany and the western had one very small tavern, in a log and NWestern parts of the State, and house, and there were then but 2 or 3 is a place of very extensive business. other buildings in the place, mere log Though the Canal adorns its streets, huts. it will not promote its growth. Trading towns are peopled by the concentration or monopoly of business, and instead of points of trade, here and there, among which business has hitherto been divided, the Canal draws out a line, 360 miles in length, toward which business will come from the N. and the S., little divergent for Utica, or other Villages. Hydraulic works, on the Canals, will command more see TROY. preference than old Villages, without them, however large and prosperous heretofore. Utica is divided into 3

Since the above was written, an act of the Legislature authorizes the erecting a dam, producing water-power for hydraulic works, on the old channel' of the Mohawk, from which great expectations, and very justly, are formed, one of the benefits of our artificial navigation, noticed under MoHAWK RIVER. For a splendid project of this sort, strangely sleeping,

Population, 2972: persons employed in agriculture, 44; in commerce and trade, 67; in manufactures and