number of senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of president shall be eligible to that of vice-president of the United States. ARTICLE XIV. SECTION I. (10) All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside. No state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. SECTION II. (11) Representatives shall be apportioned among the several states according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each state, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for president and vice president of the United States, representatives in congress, the executive and judicial officers of a state, or the members of the legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such state, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such state. SECTION III. (12) No person shall be a senator or representative in congress, or elector of president and vice president, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any state, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any state legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any state, to support the constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each house, remove such disability. ARTICLE XV. SECTION I. (13) The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. ARTICLE XVII. SECTION I. (14) The senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each state, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each senator shall have one vote. The electors in each state shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the state legislatures. SECTION II. (15) When vacancies happen in the representation of any state in the senate, the executive authority of such state shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any state may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointment until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. Temporary appointment by governor, see section 122. MICHIGAN CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS. ARTICLE III. ELECTIVE FRANCHISE. (16) SECTION 1. In all elections, every male inhabitant of this state, being a citizen of the United States; every male inhabitant residing in this state on the twenty-fourth day of June, eighteen hundred thirty-five; every male inhabitant residing in this state on the first day of January, eighteen hundred fifty; every male inhabitant of foreign birth, who, having resided in the state two years and six months prior to the eighth day of November, eighteen hundred ninety-four, and having declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States two years and six months prior to said last named day; and every civilized male inhabitant of Indian descent, a native of the United States, shall be an elector and entitled to vote; but no one shall be an elector or entitled to vote at any election unless he shall be above the age of twenty-one years, and has resided in this state six months and in the township or ward in which he offers to vote twenty days next preceding such election: Provided, That no qualified elector in the actual service of the United States or of this state, or any student while in attendance at any institution of learning, or any regularly enrolled member of any citizens' military or naval training camp held under the authority of the government of the United States or the state of Michigan, or any member of the legislature while in attendance at any session of the legislature, or commercial traveler, or any qualified elector employed upon or in the operation of railroad trains in this state, or any sailor engaged and employed on the great lakes or in coastwise trade shall be deprived of his vote by reason of his absence from the township, ward or state in which he resides; and the legislature shall provide by law the manner in which and the time and place at which such absent electors may vote and for the canvass and return of their votes: Provided further, That the legislature shall have power to pass laws covering qualified electors who may be necessarily absent from other causes than above specified. Amendment proposed by C. R. 9 of 1913 and ratified at the November election of 1914; amendment proposed by J. R. 1 of 1917 and ratified at the April election of 1917. QUALIFICATION OF ELECTORS: The source of all authority to vote at popular elections is the constitution; the electorate is constituted by the fundamental law; and the qualifications of electors must be uniform throughout the state.-Coffin v. Election Commissioners, 97/189; Att'y Gen. v. Abbott, 121/545. As to uniformity, see also, Att'y Gen. v. Common Council, 58/216; Maynard v. Canvassers, 84/239. The qualifications of voters at school meetings have never been identical with those of electors as defined in the constitution.Belles v. Burr, 76/1. TOWNSHIP OR WARD: The constitution requires that each elector shall in person cast his vote in the township or ward where he resides.-People v. Blodgett, 13/127; People v. Maynard, 15/463; Att'y Gen. v. Holihan, 29/116; Att'y Gen. v. Common Council, 58/213; Warren v. Board of Registration, 72/401. For election purposes each ward is made by the constitution equivalent to a township.-Allor v. Wayne Auditors, 43/76. The intention of the voter is an important factor in determining residence.-Harbaugh v. Cicott, 33/241, 250. CONSOLIDATION OF TOWNSHIPS: The electors of a disorganized township, the disorganization taking effect one day before the annual township election, have a right to exercise in the new township the franchise possessed by them in the old.-Att'y Gen. v. McColeman, 144/67. The constitution requires, (Art. 3, § 1), that a voting place shall be provided in each ward of a city. In this local option election only one voting place was provided for the three wards of the city of West Branch. The result of the election was not rendered invalid if the matter voted upon was sufficiently announced to the electors, and a place provided for voting, lawful ballots furnished and the electors permitted to vote, all that desired to do so exercising their franchise.-Holt v. Board of Supervisors, 186/241. The following is the text of an amendment to the above section proposed by J. R. 8, of 1917, which will be submitted to the people at the general November election in 1918; the proposed amendment of this section and of section 3 of Article XVII, are the only proposed amendments by the legislature directly relating to the subject of elections; however, your attention is challenged to the possibility of other amendments being submitted under authority of the initiative provisions of Article XVII of the constitution, of which the compiler at the time this text was prepared, had no knowledge. "Section 1. In all elections every inhabitant of this state being a citizen of the United States; every inhabitant residing in this state on the twenty-fourth day of June, eighteen hundred thirty-five; every inhabitant residing in this state on the first day of January, eighteen hundred fifty; every male inhabitant of foreign birth who, having resided in the state two years and six months prior to the eighth day of November, eighteen hundred ninetyfour, and having declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States two years and six months prior to said last named day; the wife of any inhabitant of foreign birth who, having resided in the state two years and six months prior to the eighth day of November, eighteen hundred ninety-four, and having declared his intention to become a citizen of the United States two years and six months prior to said last named day, and every civilized inhabitant of Indian descent, a native of the United States, shall be an elector and entitled to vote; but no one shall be an elector and entitled to vote at any election, unless he or she shall be above the age of twenty-one years and has resided in this state six months, and in the township or ward in which he or she offers to vote twenty days next preceding such election: Provided, That no qualified elector in the actual military service of the United States or of this state or in the army or navy thereof, or any student while in attendance at any institution of learning, or any regularly enrolled member of any citizens' military or naval training camp, held under the authority of the government of the United States or the state of Michigan, or any member of the legislature while in attendance at any session of the legislature, or commercial traveler, or any qualified elector employed upon or in the operation of railroad trains in this state, or any sailor engaged and employed on the great lakes or in coastwise trade, shall be deprived of a vote by reason of absence from the township, ward or state in which he or she resides; and the legislature shall provide by law the manner in which and the time and place at which such absent electors may vote and for the canvass and return of their votes: Provided further, That the legislature shall have power to pass laws covering qualified electors who may be necessarily absent from other than above specified: And provided further, That there shall be no denial of the elective franchise at any election on account of sex." causes The effect of this proposed amendment if adopted, is to extend the elective franchise to women. (17) SEC. 2. No elector shall be deemed to have gained or lost a residence by reason of his being employed in the service of the United States or of this state, nor while engaged in the navigation of the waters of this state or of the United States or of the high seas, nor while a student at any institution of learning, nor while kept at any almshouse or other asylum at public expense, nor while confined in any public prison; except that honorably discharged soldiers, seamen and marines who have served in the military or naval forces of the United States or of this |