of men enlisted in this branch of the Naval Reserve was in fact larger than could be of immediate use, and the Department decided to give to men under twenty-one leave of absence to pursue their college studies. But the men wanted to fit themselves for better service in the Navy, and hence a course has been established which will occupy their whole time throughout the current academic year and prepare them for the ensign's examination. The instruction will be given in part by our own staff and in part by Lieutenant Edward F. Greene (U.S.N., Retired) who has been detailed to take charge of the course. Fortynine students are registered in it and it will count as a full year's work towards the degree.

The R.O.T.C. and the Naval Course are under the control of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences, but the School of Business Administration was also equipped to give special instruction that might prove of great value in connection with the war; and at the request of the Council of National Defense its Faculty provided in the early summer two short courses for men intending to enter the quartermaster or ordnance work, - one of them on account-keeping for military stores, the other on the inspection of cost accounting for war contracts. The men who took these courses are now, in fact, almost all employed by the Government. In addition, the School offered to members of the Harvard Training Corps a short course on supply, designed for prospective officers of the line who will serve with troops. In these three courses there were enrolled one hundred and forty-five men selected for their fitness to pursue the work.

The Medical School has naturally been engaged in preparing men for military duties, quite apart from the service of its instructing staff among the troops which will be mentioned later. At the request of the Surgeon-General, courses in medicine for the Army and Navy have been given at the School; and a course in orthopedic surgery has recently been established to provide special instruction to selected members of the Medical Corps. Upon completion of the course they will be assigned to active duty in reconstruction hospitals in France and the United States. The large demand for physicians and surgeons in this war has drawn heavily upon the members of the profession in France and England and is now drawing upon those in this country. Deeming it important, therefore, to prepare students for active practice as rapidly as possible, the men who had finished the third year were offered the option of continuing their regular instruction at the School and the hospitals throughout the summer, or at the ordinary

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time. By this process ninety men will have completed the work for their degrees, and become available for the Medical Corps, next February instead of the following June.

The University has also done something for public enlightenment. Under the auspices of the Summer School, for example, a number of courses were given on subjects relating to the war. A series of twentyfour lectures on the historical aspects of the present conflict was largely attended, as was also a course on the nutritive value of different kinds of food.

All the instruction hitherto described was given by our own teaching staff, or by officers who were for the time members of the University; and it was given in the main to our own students. But this covers by no means all the service we have sought to render. In May Captain William R. Rush, Commandant of the Charlestown Navy Yard, organized here a school for naval wireless operators, who were given a three months' (now extended to four months) course in the subject. At first two hundred and fifty enlisted men were sent, and they were housed and taught in Pierce Hall; but the number was rapidly increased to six hundred, then to a thousand, until now there are over two thousand, and twenty-four hundred are expected. They are commanded, trained and taught by their own officers under the charge of Lieutenant Nathaniel F. Ayer; but they almost all are housed and all fed and instructed in the buildings of the University. They are lodged in Perkins and Walter Hastings Halls and in the Hemenway Gymnasium, taught in Pierce Hall, the Divinity Library and Austin Hall, and they take their meals at Memorial Hall, the Harvard students who would ordinarily go there being transferred to the Union. They come from all parts of the country, and as the other naval wireless schools are being closed they will doubtless be here throughout the war.

Finally as the present term was opening Captain James P. Parker, who had been conducting under the authority of the Navy Department a four months' school for ensigns at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, found that he could no longer be furnished there with the space he needed, and asked if he could obtain it at the University. The number of his cadets is one hundred and fifty, and we placed at his disposal for their lodging Holyoke House, for their meals the dining room in Standish Hall which happened to be free, while officers and a lecture room were provided in the College Yard. The large falling off in our students by reason of the number who have left for the war has made it possible to house all these men for the Navy, and it is a pleasure to think that instead of standing empty our buildings can be turned to the service of the country.

Previous annual reports have described the Harvard Surgical Unit occupying base hospital 22 with the British Expeditionary Force in France. This has been continued under the lead of Dr. Hugh Cabot, who with his colleagues and nurses agreed to serve so long as the war shall last. Their surgical work, general and oral, has been indispensable and has given the highest satisfaction to the English Army Medical authorities. Meanwhile in anticipation of a possible war on the part of this country three other hospital units were organized; one by the Medical School in connection with the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital under the lead of Dr. Harvey Cushing; another by the Massachusetts General Hospital, and the third by the Boston City Hospital, both of these last being also composed in large part of members of the teaching force of the School. The first two of the three latter units have already gone, one to serve with the British, and the second with the French, forces in the war. A number of other members of the Faculty of Medicine are engaged in military work at home or abroad; and it speaks well for the strength of the teaching force at the School that the courses have nevertheless been continued unimpaired.

The Dental School has contributed its quota to these hospitals, and at the request of the Government its clinic of one hundred and twentyfive chairs has been used for dental treatment of drafted men, and for those temporarily exempted from draft on account of the condition of their teeth. The Dental School also maintains a couple of chairs at the Naval Radio School in Cambridge, and one at Commonwealth Pier for members of the Naval Reserve quartered there.

The needs of a country fighting a modern war, and the special knowledge on which it calls, extend into fields of which one would not have dreamed. A couple of examples have been brought home to us. The Bussey Institution is the headquarters of the Botanical Raw Products Committee organized under the Council for National Defense. It serves as a clearing house where manufacturers needing raw products of this kind may obtain information about them; and it collects and distributes agricultural and commercial data concerning all plants of economic value. At the opposite end of the scientific spectrum the psychological laboratory is engaged in devising and standardizing tests that will enable the Government to select from a group of volunteers for aviation those most likely to be successful, and eliminate those ill fitted for the service. The laboratory is also trying experiments in determining the natural capacity of sailors to discriminate among the many sounds transmitted by under-water telephones.

These are only examples of the manifold services rendered throughout the land by University professors. They extend through almost all departments from physics and chemistry, where the work is secret, to languages; two instructors in French literature, Professor Allard and M. Mercier having spent several weeks during the summer at West Point helping the cadets to a fluent use of French in conversation; while on a request from the Navy Yard members of the German Department have translated inscriptions, directions and papers found on the interned German ships. Some of the public work has been done in addition to regular duties at the University; some has required absence from Cambridge. In the latter case the general principle adopted by the Corporation has been that a continuing member of the staff shall not lose income by serving the country, but shall be paid whatever may be required, in addition to any public remuneration, to bring his pay up to the amount of his regular salary. The number of members of the instructing staff who have been doing war work of some kind in addition to their ordinary duties is one hundred and seven. The number of those who have been given leave of absence for the purpose is one hundred and twenty-eight.

One cannot fail to be gratified by the elasticity, the adaptability to new and exacting conditions, that the University has shown. Strenuous military training has been given, military and civil services have been rendered by students and teachers; and at the same time the regular work of the University has been continued as usual. The instruction offered has diminished very little and in essentials not at all. So far as the students have remained, and this is true of most of those under age, they have not been suffered to neglect their ordinary studies. In fact, the records show that the attendance of the Freshmen at lectures this autumn has been on the whole rather more regular than ever before. All this has been due to the spirit of the instructing staff, which has assumed cheerfully additional work, and has insisted on maintaining the existing standards of education, while ever ready to promote to the utmost any service in the war that the University could render. Never has the writer known the Faculty of Arts and Sciences so completely harmonious, the burdens of its members that might have been heavy made by sympathy so light, as under the shadow of this war.

The spirit that has moved the instructing staff of the University has been present in full measure among the students and the alumni. The Harvard Alumni Bulletin has compiled the records of students, former students, and graduates in this war. So far as they have been collected and tabulated up to October 11, the numbers in different forms of service are as follows:

BY JULIAN LOWELL COOLIDGE, '95.

THE naval work carried on at Harvard, like all of Gaul, is di

vided into three parts; the first two are at the University, but not of it; the third is an integral part of the University organism. The U.S. Naval Radio School. - Last spring the United States Government established in the buildings of Harvard University a radio school for men in the Navy. The University was strategically placed for the accommodation of such a school. In the first place the Cruft Laboratory had been for some years a centre for the most fruitful study and research in problems of wireless telegraphy, under charge of Professor G. W. Pierce. A further available building was Pierce Hall, which had been for many years the home of the Engineering Department. But with the de facto merging of most of Harvard engineering instruction with that at the Institute of Technology, students of engineering had disappeared from the Harvard end of Cambridge, and Pierce Hall had become a source of envy, hatred, and malice among various land-hungry departments of the University. The School was a success from the start and expanded rapidly. On July 23 it was put under the charge of N. F. Ayer, '00, Lieutenant, U.S.N.R., and grew to contain one thousand men. The expansion has continued since; at the date of writing (November 1) nineteen hundred men are enrolled, and there are rumors of further extensions beyond the dreams of avarice.