glorious day in the country. With the wonder and beauty of it in all their hearts, the highest spiritual life must come, for the Divine source of all beauty is very near when the beauty has entered the soul."

It is from these sketches from life that we see at once the separation of classes and families, the spiritual poverty, the antagonisms and inner destitution, the pettiness and narrowness of poverty. And from the same faithful picture we learn how to understand our neighbors, and how to lead them upward from common things to patriotism, devotion to ideals, aesthetic joy and the comforts and inspiration of religion.

The Directors of Kingsley House sum up some of the more tangible forms of their work:

"So many people ask the question, 'What good are you doing?' We still find it hard to take up and add the source of happiness that flows from the portals of Kingsley House each calendar year, and yet the past year has been filled with work. But very good people press for answer, and let us, for their benefit, enumerate some few results of the year. Women and children have been taught how to bake good bread; how to sew; how to keep house; how, with but little, to brighten the home; positions for young ladies secured; sanitary conditions of houses and alleys made better; mothers taught the care of children; daughters taught how to care for themselves; the grievance of girls working in factories, when infringement of laws was very apparent, made known to proper authorities, and the wrong righted, physicians sent to homes

where people were too poor to pay; boys in large numbers kept off the streets and taught useful lessons, given bright evenings under helpful influences; tiny children taught in the kindergarten; men taught to read and write; young girls given bright evenings filled with music; sick and maimed children helped by practical advice given mothers, and by placing them in proper hospitals; 'evenings at home' given to tired and care-worn mothers, causing them to forget for a time the burden that falls on them by reason of their environment; books sent out all over the vicinity, bringing pleasure to many families."

Miss Luella Meloy, at the request of Professor Atwater, made a study of typical dietaries and budgets of poor families in Pittsburg. As an example take this picture. An American family was studied twenty-nine days. There were three adults and six children, ranging from eighteen years to seven months. The father is a laborer, and earns $1.25 per day, but loses many days in the year from illhealth. A boarder, by occupation a millworker, earns $1.25 per day. They have three rooms, for which they pay $6 per month in advance. They buy for cash by the day or week and in small quantities. The grocers sometimes give short weight. Meats are cooked by frying or boiling. Children drink tea and coffee when they wish them, but have no milk. The father works outside the city, and pays twenty cents per day for car fare. He gave up this job for a night-turn, as food expenses were less, because the mother and children could

live on bread and tea, and the father did without a hearty meal by sleeping in daytime.

The investigation showed that seventeen people were trying hard to live decently in five rooms; five of these persons were adults about twentyseven years of age, two girls aged sixteen and eighteen respectively, and a young man of nineteen. Privacy, essential to modesty, is almost impossible in such crowded conditions. The ventilation must be bad, the air poisonous. There is much sickness and feebleness, because the food is defective and does not make bone and sinew. Such people struggle on for virtue and honesty until privation and misery have reduced them to moral degradation.

Thus the Settlement reveals to society its problems and perils in concrete and living instances; it brushes away wicked palliatives, the unfair hints that the poor are miserable because they are drunken, lazy and dishonest. It is only by these minute, painstaking studies of actual domestic conditions that society can be aroused to do its duty by the wage-earning people.

WELCOME HALL, Buffalo, is an interesting illustration of the combination of Organized Charity, Church Mission and Settlement ideas. It is supported by the First Presbyterian Church. It confines its labors to a comparatively small area, and cultivates this district as thoroughly as possible. Miss Remington is the Head-Worker. There is no attempt to build up a church, but to induce the people to make use of the churches which are convenient to them. Religious services and Bible

teaching are conducted along with class and club work, and various schemes of coöperation and relief.

WESTMINSTER HOUSE (Miss Emily S. Holmes, Head-Worker) was the first Social Settlement in Buffalo. It is unique among American Settlements in one respect: it deals almost entirely with one nationality-the Germans, and they are comparatively permanent. It is well equipped for recreation and educational ministries. It gives help to a group of married women, in garments, fuel and provisions, in return for work done. It coöperates with the Charity Organization Society by assuming responsibility for a limited district, and caring for cases of distress within that territory. The House is supported by a club of Westminster Church, but it presents religion in an unsectarian way.

WHITTIER HOUSE, Jersey City, has developed along the usual lines, and has made good use of its newsboys' club, coöperative girls' club, and class work of all grades. The House does not seek to rival existing institutions, but to help all to do their best work. The residents coöperate with the city library system, with trained nurses and physicians, and with the Tribune Fresh-Air Fund. A weekly conference has been held, and interest in the Civic League has been sustained. By lending money at six per cent., in cases of emergency, to honest working people, on the security of chattel mortgages, the House has rescued a large number of families from the oppression of usury. Miss Bradford, Head-Worker, has thus expressed the relig

CoöperaWe are here to Denominations

ious attitude of the residents: “We are here to do the work the churches cannot do. tion, not competition, is our creed. live our lives and to share them. are nothing to us. But the simplicity, sincerity, spotless purity and perfect sympathy of Christ is everything. We are here that we may help those about us into life, and life 'more abundantly.'

CHICAGO COMMONS was established by Professor Graham Taylor in 1894, and he lives with his family in the House. Several other families have chosen to dwell with him in this colony of observation and service. They have the ordinary appliances of a developed Settlement-clubs, classes, kindergarten, social recreations and technical training. They are peculiarly successful in securing the attention of working men. Their economic conferences are well attended, and the influence of the leaders is felt in the city. Occasionally the more public conferences are held in coöperation with Hull House. The Pleasant Sunday Afternoon is a unique and impressive service, reverent and beautiful, yet entirely unlike a formal church service. The presence of men with their families is a distinct and striking advantage of this House, and gives it an appearance of naturalness and permanence which does not belong to a group made up entirely of unmarried men or women. Residents of the Commons hold services at the County Poorhouse, and some of them assist in the ordinary work of the neighborhood church. Normal training classes for social and church workers are main