The

as but machinery, and not only to say as a matter of words that we regard wealth as but machinery, but really to perceive and feel that it is so. If it were not for this purging effect wrought upon our minds by culture, the whole world, the future as well as the present, would inevitably belong to the Philistines. people who believe most that our greatness and welfare are proved by our being very rich, and who most give their lives and thoughts to becoming rich, are just the very people whom we call the Philistines. Culture says: "Consider these people, then, their way of life, their habits, their manners, the very tones of their voice; look at them attentively; observe the literature they read, the things which give them pleasure, the words which come forth out of their mouths, the thoughts which make the furniture of their minds; would any amount of wealth be worth having with the condition that one was to become just like these people by having it?" And thus culture begets a dissatisfaction which is of the highest possible value in

stemming the common tide of men's thoughts in a wealthy and industrial community, and which saves the future, as one may hope, from being vulgarised, even if it cannot save the present.

Matthew Arnold.

PHILOSOPHY.

Philosophy or rather its object, the divine order of the universe, is the intellectual guide which the religious sentiment needs; while exploring the real relations of the finite, it obtains a constantly improving and self-correcting measure of the perfect law of Jesus, and a means of carrying into effect the spiritualism of St. Paul. It establishes law by ascertaining its terms; it guides the spirit to see its way to the amelioration of life and increase of happiness. While religion was stationary, science could only walk alone; when both are admitted to be progressive, their interests and aims become identified. Aristotle began to show how religion may be founded on an intellectual basis; but the basis

he laid was too narrow. Bacon by giving to philosophy a definite aim and method, gave it at the same time a safer and self-enlarging basis. Our position is that of intellectual beings surrounded by limitations; and the latter being constant have given to intelligence the practical value of laws, in whose investigation and application consists that seemingly endless career of intellectual and moral progress, which the sentiment of religion inspires and ennobles. The title of saint has hitherto been claimed exclusively for those whose boast is to despise philosophy; yet faith will stumble, and sentiment mislead, unless knowledge be present in amount and quality sufficient to purify the one, and to give beneficial direction to the other.

R. W. Mackay.

PHILOSOPHY.

What then is that which is able to conduct a man? One thing, and only one, Philosophy. But this consists in keeping the divinity within a man free from violence and unharmed,

superior to pains and pleasures, doing nothing without a purpose, nor yet falsely and with hypocrisy, not feeling the need of another man's doing or not doing anything; and besides, accepting all that happens and all that is allotted, as coming from thence, wherever it is, from whence he himself came.

Marcus Antoninus.

PROGRESS.

The first party of painted savages who raised a few huts upon the Thames, did not dream of the London they were creating, or know that in lighting the fire on their hearth they were kindling one of the great foci of Time. . . . All the grand agencies which the progress of mankind evolves are formed in the same unconscious way. They are the aggregate result of countless single wills, each of which, thinking merely of its own end, and perhaps fully gaining it, is at the same time enlisted by Providence in the secret service of the world.

James Martineau.

The discoveries which in one age are confined to the studious and enlightened few, become in the next the established creed of the learned, and in the third form part of the elementary principles of education. The harmony in the mean time which exists among truths of both descriptions, tends perpetually, by blending them into one common mass, to increase the joint influence of the whole; the contributions of individuals to this mass (to borrow the fine allusion of Middleton) "resembling the drops of rain, which, falling separately into the water, mingle at once with the stream, and strengthen the general current." Dugald Stewart.

FALSE PHILOSOPHY.

Fuyez ceux qui, sous prétexte d'expliquer la nature, sèment dans le coeur des hommes de désolantes doctrines, et dont le scepticisme apparent est cent fois plus affirmatif et plus dogmatique que le ton décidé de leurs adver