CURRICULUM OF THE INSTITUT AGROMIQUE (ÉCOLE SUPÉRIEURE DE L'AG RICULTURE), PARIS. REQUISITES FOR ADMISSION. The possession of the degree of bachelor of science, or in lieu thereof: Written examination.-Arithmetic, algebra, geometry, logarithms, trigonometry, French composition, natural history sciences, physics, chemistry, descriptive geometry, English, German. Oral examination.-Arithmetic, geometry, descriptive geometry, algebra, trigonometry, mechanics and cosmography, physics, chemistry, geography, English, German. COURSE. FIRST YEAR. First semester.-Mechanics, general physiology, general chemistry, zoology, physics and meteorology, mineralogy and geology, botany, mathematics. Second semester.--General chemistry, mineralogy and geology, mechanics, zootechnics, physics and meteorology, general agriculture, agriculture (genie rural), zoology, political economy, botany. SECOND YEAR. First semester.-Agricultural technology, rural economy, agricultural chemistry, agriculture, engineering (genie rural), zoötechnics, special agricultural, arboriculture, comparative agriculture. Second semester.-Viticulture and agriculture in the south [of France], comparative agriculture, administration of law and rural legislation, vegetable physiology, forestry, viticulture, hippology, agriculture, hygiene, and book-keeping. The course is completed by conferences and practical exercises and demonstrations in chemistry, micrography, agriculture, physiology, zoology, zootechnics, mineralogy, agricultural, arboriculture, and viticulture. Several times during the week there are exercises in tinting and topography, rural architecture and agricultural machines. Every Tuesday there is an excursion, industrial, botanical, or geologic, and in addition visits are made to farms, cattle markets, etc. A library which is supplied with all the important works on agriculture published in France and in foreign parts is open to the students. There is a laboratory of vegetable pathology, a station for testing grains (essai de graines), a special laboratory for the study of fermentations in relation to brewing, distillation, wine-making, milk, and finally a laboratory of agricultural entomology. CURRICULUM OF A TYPICAL AMERICAN SCHOOL. REQUISITES FOR ADMISSION. English composition and grammar, history of United States, geography, six books of Cæsar, arithmetic, algebra, geometry, trigonometry. COURSE. FRESHMAN YEAR. First term.-German 'reader, history. English language, derivatives of algebraic functions, fundamental properties of equations, plane analytical geometry, physics with experimental lectures, chemistry, including laboratory practice, practical lessons in the art school. Second term.-Plane analytical geometry, physical geography, botany, principles of orthographic projection, isometric drawing, etc. SECOND YEAR. First term.-Organic chemistry, qualitative analysis, mineralogy and botany, German, French. Second term.-Organic chemistry, quantitative analysis, mineralogy, German, French. THIRD YEAR. First term.-Agriculture, agricultural chemistry, geology, zoology, meteorology, botany, French. Second term.-Agriculture, agricultural chemistry, physiology, geology, zoology, heredity and stock-breeding, sanitary science and public health, French. CURRICULUM OF THE LANDWIRTHSCHAFTLICHE HOCHSCHULE, BERLIN, FOR THE WINTER SEMESTER 1890-91. REQUISITES FOR ADMISSION. Reifezeugniss of a Gymnasium or Realgymnasium. (See p. 948.) LECTURES. 1. Agronomy, forestry, and gardening. (a) Prof. Dr. Orth: General agronomy (tilling, irrigating, manuring) Monday until Friday, 10-11. Exercises in agronomical seminary: Field and plant cultivation division, Monday 6-8. Chemistry of the soil and plants, work, Monday to Friday, 94. (b) Prof. Dr. Werner: Agricultural operations, Monday and Tuesday, 4-6. Breeding animals, Thursday, 4-6; Friday, 4-5. Bookkeeping, Friday, 3-4. Sketch of the science of agricultural production. Wednesday, 4-6. (c) Prof. Dr. Lehmann: General breeding of animals. Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, 9-10. Sheep-raising and wool-growing, Monday and Friday, 9-10; Saturday, 10-12. Fodderraising, Monday and Wednesday, 12-1. (d) Privy counsellor, Engineer Schotte: Agricultural machines, Saturday, 3-5. Principles of mechanics and of machinery, Friday, 1-3. Drawing, Tuesday and Thursday, 1-3. (e) Forestmaster Krieger: Timber-growing, Monday, 5-7. Management and use of forests, Friday, 5-7. (f) Garden Inspector Lindemuth: Fruit-growing, Monday and Thursday, 2-3. I. Chemistry and technology: 2. Natural science. (a) Privy counsellor, Prof. Dr. Landolt: Inorganic experimental chemistry, Monday until Friday, 11-12. Practikum in large chemical operations on the first five days of the week, 9-5; Saturday, from 9-1. Practicum in small chemical operations on the first five days of the week, as the student may select, 9-1 or from 1-5. (b) Prof. Dr. Delbrück: The production of spirits, yeast, and starch, Wednesday, 12-2; Saturday, 8-10. (c) Privat docent, Dr. Kayduck: Chemistry of fermentation, Friday 4-5. (d) Privat docent, Dr. Marckwald: Chemical investigations in relation to agricultural processes. Saturday, 9-10. II. Physics and meteorology: (a) Prof. Dr. Börnstein: Experimental physics. 1 Part, Tuesday and Wednesday, 3-4. (b) Selected chapters on mathematical physics, Wednesday, 11-12. Exercises in physics, Saturday, 11-1. Meteorology, Monday, 3-4. III. Mineralogy, geology, geognosy: Prof. Dr. Gruner: Geognosy and geology. Tuesday, 12-1; Saturday, 9-10. Qualities of soil and their valuation, Monday, Wednesday, and Thursday, 12-1. Exercise in examining soils, Tuesday and Saturday, 4–6. IV. Botany and vegetable physiology: (a) Prof. Dr. Kny: Anatomy and history of the development of plants, Monday, Friday, and Saturday, 9-10. Use of the microscope, Monday and Thursday, 12-2. Work for tree cutters (woodsmen) in the botanical institute, daily, 94. Diseases of plants, Friday and Saturday, (b) Prof. Dr. Frank: Plant food, Tuesday, 12-1. 12-1. Vegetable pathology (Practicum), Wednesday, 12-3. Work for forest cutters in Vegetable Physiological Institute, daily, 9-4. (c) Prof. Dr. Wittmack: Seeds. Thursday, 12-1. Falsification of food and fodders, Friday, 1-3. Appropriate work in the botanical division of the museum, Saturday, 1-3. V. Zoology and animal physiology: (a) Prof. Dr. Nehring: Zoology and comparative anatomy with special reference to the vertebrata, Monday, Thursday, 11-12. The game of Germany, Friday, 11-12. Zoological collo quium, Friday, 5-7. (b) Dr. Karsch: Insects useful or injurious to agriculture, with special reference to bee keeping and silk-worm raising, Wednesday and Friday, 8-9. (c) Prof. Dr. Zuntz: Physiology of the change of food into flesh, Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, and Friday, 10-11. Hygiene of the domestic animal, Monday, 3-5. Work in physiological laboratory, Friday and Saturday, 2–4. 3. Veterinary science. (a) Prof. Dr. Dieckerhoff: Epidemic disease and parasites of the domestic animals, Monday, and Thursday, 2-3. (b) Privy counsellor, Dr. Müller: Anatomy of the stomach of the domestic animals with demonstrations, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Saturday, 2-3. (c) Chief veterinarian for horse diseases (oberrossartz) Küttner: Horseshoeing, Tuesday, (d) Privat docent, Dr. Hagemann: Brief review of the physiology of feeding, Thursday, 4-5. Practical course of physiological chemistry, Saturday, 4–6. 8-9. 4. Law and administration. (a) Prof. Sering: Agrarian laws of Germany. Economical exercises in seminary of adminis trative law, with visits. Imperial and Prussian law with special reference to the farmer, surveying, and the technicalities of culture, Wednesday, 4–6. 5. Agricultural engineering and building. (a) Amelioration inspector, Gerhardt: Agricultural engineering (Kulturtechnik), Saturday, 10-12. Plans of improvements, Friday, 11-1; Saturday, 12-2. Engineering seminary, Friday, 9-11. (b) Prof. Schlichting: Management of water, Monday, 9-10. Construction of bridges and roads, Monday, 4-6. Plans of water management, Monday and Tuesday, 10-12. 6. Geodesy and mathematics. (a) Prof. Dr. Vogler: Settlement of accounts, Monday and Saturday, 9-10; surveying, Tuesday and Thursday, 9-10; practical geometry, Tuesday and Thursday, 11-12; exercises in measurements, in two groups, Monday, Tuesday, and Saturday, 10-12; Friday, 11-1: geodetic seminarium, Friday, 3-5; drawing, Friday, 9-11; exercises in surveying, Monday and Thursday, 3-5; geodetic calculation, in two groups, with assistant Prof. Friebe, Monday, 10-12; Friday, 11-1. (b) Prof. Dr. Reichel: Analytical geometry and analysis, Tuesday and Thursday, 9-10; Wednesday, 9-11; mathematical exercises, in two groups, Monday and Thursday, 4-6; Friday, 3-5; descriptive geometry, Tuesday and Thursday, 10-11; exercises upon descriptive geometry, Tuesday, 12-1, and (with assistant Seiffert) Tuesday, 12-1. CURRICULUM OF A SOUTHERN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT. English grammar and composition, penmanship, declamation, arithmetic, elements of bookkeeping, algebra to equations of the first degree, geography, United States history, and agricul ture. COLLEGIATE DEPARTMENT. FRESHMAN. First term.-Drawing, algebra, English, natural philosophy. SOPHOMORE. First term.-Chemistry, drawing, geometry, rhetoric. Second term.-Rhetoric, geometry, chemistry, geology, preparation of addresses on scientific and industrial subjects. Third term.-Trigonometry, agriculture, botany, chemistry, delivery of addresses contesting for places at commencement. JUNIOR. First term.-Surveying, anatomy and physiology, horticulture, Constitution of United States (6 weeks), criticism (6 weeks), preparation and delivery of addresses on scientific and industrial subjects. Second term.-Mechanics, chemistry, veterinary science, political economy, preparation and delivery of addresses on scientific and industrial subjects. Third term.-General history, military science and tactics, entomology, mechanics, preparation and delivery of addresses, contesting for places at commencement, afternoon work in chemical laboratory, and with steam engine, 10 hours per week, November 15 to February 15, SENIOR. First term.-Literature, zoology, drawing, chemistry, preparation and delivery of addresses on scientific and industrial subjects. Second term.-Botany, civil engineering, literature, chemistry, preparation and delivery of addresses on scientific and industrial subjects. Third term.-Agriculture, chemistry, astronomy, moral science (6 weeks), meteorology (6 weeks), preparation and delivery of addresses, contesting for places at commencement. POST-GRADUATE. Biology.-Mycology, fertilization and cross fertilization, relation of insects and plants, histology, zoology, including embryology, with monthly written discussions, under direction of professor of biology. Agriculture.-Principles of stock-breeding and feeding, theory of drainage, cultivation, curing and marketing crops, improvement of soil and manure supply. The student will be required to take charge of field and feeding experiments, dairy and general farm work under direction of the professor of agriculture. Horticulture.-Pomology, floriculture, landscape gardening, forestry.geographic botany.economic botany, management of greenhouses, under the direction of professor of horticulture. Chemistry-Chemistry applied in the analysis of soils, plants, foods, animal tissues and prod ucts, feeding, water and other drinks, under the direction of the professor of chemistry. English.-A course of reading in English prose and poetry, embracing entire works, logic, and mental science, with monthly written essays, under the direction of the professor of English. Mathematics.-Analytical geometry, differential and integral calculus, applied mechanics, and civil engineering. CURRICULUM OF AN EASTERN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. REQUISITES FOR ADMISSION. English grammar, geography, arithmetic, algebra to quadratics, the metric system, history of United States. COURSE. FRESHMAN YEAR. Fall term.-Climatology or relations of weather and farming (2 hours), structural botany (5 hours), chemistry, principles and metaloids (5 hours), algebra (5 hours), Latin (3 hours), composition (1 hour), military exercises (3 hours in afternoon). Winter term.-Farm accounts, history of agriculture (2 hours), metals (4 hours), algebra and geometry (5 hours), Latin (4 hours), free-hand drawing (6 hours), tactics (1 hour half term), military exercise (3 hours). Spring term.-Breeds of live stock and hand tools (5 hours), analytic botany (5 hours), mineralogy (4 hours), geometry (3 hours), Latin (5 hours), composition (1 hour), military exercises (3 hours). SOPHMORE YEAR. Fall term.-Soils, tillage, and drainage (5 hours), economic botany (5 hours), geology (4 hours), trigonometry (4 hours), French (5 hours), composition (1 hour), tactics (half term 1 hour), military exercises (3 hours). Winter term.-Mixed farming, rotation of crops (2 hours), laboratory work (4 hours), anatomy and physiology (5 hours), mensuration (3 hours), French (5 hours), mechanical drawing (5 hours), military exercises (3 hours). Spring term.-Manures, grains, and forage crops (5 hours), horticulture (8 hours), surveying (7 hours), French (5 hours), composition (1 hour), military exercises (3 hours). JUNIOR YEAR. Fall term.-Farm implements, harvesting and storing crops (2 hours), market gardening (6 hours), zoology and laboratory work (8 hours), mechanics, draft, friction, etc. (3 hours), rhetoric and composition (5 hours), military exercises (3 hours). Winter term-Preparation and transportation of crops, markets (2 hours), laboratory work (10 hours), zoology (3 hours), physics, sound, and heat (4 hours), English literature (5 hours), composition (1 hour), military exercises (3 hours). Spring term.-Special crops, farm roads (1 hour), forestry and landscape gardening (— hours), laboratory work (5 hours), entomology (7 hours), physics. light, and electricity (3 hours), English literature (4 hours), composition (1 hour), military exercises (3 hours). SENIOR YEAR. Fall term.-Breeding and care of live stock (4 hours), lectures on law, etc., laboratory work, chemistry of fertilizers (8 hours), comparative anatomy of domestic animals (3 hours), veterinary science (5 hours), mental science (4 hours), composition and debate (1 hour), military science (1 hour). Winter term.-Dairy farming (3 hours), lectures on law, etc., organic chemistry (3 hours), veterinary science (5 hours), meteorology (2 hours), political economy (5 hours), composition and debate (1 hour), military science (1 hour), military exercises (3 hours). Spring term.-Agricultural review (3 hours), lectures on law, etc., chemical industries (3 hours), geology (3 hours), veterinary science (5 hours), constitutional history (5 hours), composition (1 hour), military science (1 hour), military exercises (3 hours). CURRICULUM OF A WESTERN AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. REQUISITES FOR ADMISSION. Arithmetic, geography, grammar, reading, spelling, penmanship, and history of the United States, a knowledge of elementary algebra to equations of second degree. COURSE. FRESHMAN YEAR. Autumn term.-Algebra, ancient history, English grammar, elocution, Spring term.-Geometry, free-hand drawing, lectures, lectures on agriculture, declamations. Summer term.-Geometry completed. Botany, rhetoric. essays. SOPHOMORE YEAR. Autumn term.-Algebra completed, trigonometry (half term), military tactics (half term), botany (half term), agriculture (half term), lectures, declamations and essays (based on readings from Longfellow). Spring term.-Trigonometry completed (half term), surveying and field work (half term), botany (laboratory work, 2 hours daily), rhetoric, essays, reading of American orations. Summer term.-Mechanics, elementary chemistry (lectures), chemical manipulation (2 hours per week, optional). English literature (half term), lectures on landscape gardening (half term), botany (one day in the week), original speeches. JUNIOR YEAR. Autumn term.-Mechanics completed (half term), lectures on and laboratory practice anatomy (half term), lectures and laboratory on horticulture, lectures on organic chemistry, blowpipe and volumetric analysis, essays and public speeches, Shakespeare once a week Spring term.-Human and comparative physiology (laboratory work 3 hours daily for 2 weeks), analytical chemistry (laboratory work 2 hours daily), logic, essays and public speeches, Shakespeare once a week. Sumer term.-Entomology (laboratory practice 3 hours a week), agriculture, agricultural chemistry, essays, Shakespeare once a week. SENIOR YEAR. [All studies elective in this year, except moral philosophy.] Autumn term-Psychology, chemical physics, lectures and laboratory work, lectures on agricultural engineering, lectures and practical dissections in veterinary work, critical essays. Spring term.-Moral philosophy (half term), lectures on meteorology, lectures on civil engineering, lectures on Constitution of United States (half term), political economy (half terin), lectures and clinical instruction in veterinary science, lectures on geology (half term), lectures and laboratory practice in horticulture (half term), military science, essays and public speeches. Summer term. Quantitative analysis, lectures and laboratory practice in botany or forestry, lectures and clinical instructions in veterinary science, English literature, philosophy of history (half term), astronomy, Milton (once a week), public speeches. THE SYSTEM OF AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS OF THE KINGDOM OF PRUSSIA. DIVISION A: UNIVERSITY GRADE. At the head of the system come the so-called institutes, which form a part of the universities. As the chemical and other laboratory instruction are adjuncts to the lecture system of the university so these agricultural institutes are places for demonstration, exercises, and investigation, and of course with special reference to the business of agriculture. The titles of these institutions are as follows: 1. The Agricultural Institute and Agricultural Chemical Laboratory in the University of Königsberg, with which is also connected the milk chemical laboratory, the agricultural physical laboratory, and the agricultural botanical garden and the veterinary clinic. Founded 1869-76. Length of study, 4 to 6 semesters. Conditions of admission, the Reifezeugniss of a gymnasium. Four professors of agriculture and 7 university professors. Appropriation, $4,293 for the institute (excluding salaries) and laboratories, $1,083 for the veterinary clinic. At the close of 1890 there were 11 students. The agricultural chemistry laboratory has places for 20 students. 2. The Agricultural Institute in the University at Breslau, with which is joined a veterinary clinic. Founded in 1881. Length of course, 4 to 6 semesters. Eight professors proper, 14 university professors. Students, 27 farmers and 9 others. Appropriation for 1890-91, $7,794, excluding the salaries of pro fessors. 3. The Agricultural Institute in the University at Halle. Founded 1862. Duration of course, 4 to 6 semesters. Professors of agriculture, 7; of science, 14; of law and political economy, 7: 8 assistants; students, 281, farmers by calling, of whom 71 were foreigners. The institute consists of the agricultural physio logical laboratory, the agricultural collection, the botanical garden, the experimental field, the agricultural domestic animal farm (landwirthschaftliche Hausthiergarten), the dairy, the machine hall, the veterinary clinic. Cost, $20,560. 4. The Agricultural Institute in the University at Kiel. Founded in 1873. Duration of study, 4 to 6 semesters. Professors of agriculture, 2; of veterinary science, 1; of science, 10; of national economy and agrarian politics 2. One student, farmer by calling. Cost during 1890-91, $1,185, excluding salary of director. 5. The Agricultural Institute in the University at Göttingen, with which is connected the "animal chemistry experiment_station," the agricultural chemistry laboratory, and the veterinary clinic. Founded in 1770 as a chair in the University, from which was developed a course of study in 1851, an academy in 1857, and finally the institute in 1872. Duration of study, 4 to 6 semesters. Professors of agriculture and fruit raising, 4; of building, 1; of veterinary science, 1; of science, 10; of national economy, 2; of agricultural law, 1. Students, 22. Cost, excluding the salaries of the director and the regular assistants, $2,198. INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS OF AGRICULTURE OF UNIVERSITY GRADE. 1. The Royal Agricultural High School at Berlin. Founded in 1859–1881. (Program given on page 998.) Duration of study at least 4 semesters; for teachers in agricultural schools at least 6 semesters. There is, however, a twosemesters course, for land surveyors, and for "proved" surveyors another twosemesters course, called the Kulturtechniker (agricultural engineer) course. This will be understood though not mentioned in the case of each university that follows |