VI.-STATE UNIVERSITIES.

The establishment and management of State universities form an interesting subject for study and investigation. As early as 1787 the General Government passed an ordinance setting aside two townships of land in what is now Ohio for the support of a "university," and this precedent has been followed in the case of nearly every State since admitted into the Union. The funds derived from the sale of these lands have in almost every instance been devoted to the support of State universities, and if properly managed would have yielded handsome en

dowment funds for such institutions. But in many cases the persons to whom the management of the lands was intrusted were in too great a hurry to dispose of them, often sacrificing them at a ridiculously low figure; in some cases they served as a means of "booming" a particular State, the lands being advertised and sold at very low rates, thus inducing settlers to locate; in a few cases, where the States disposed of the land and assumed the indebtedness therefor, the funds have been mismanaged and sometimes very much impaired.

The mismanagement of these lands and the funds derived therefrom has served one good purpose. The newer States, profiting by the experience of the older, are disposing of their lands advantageously, and by the time all of them are sold their universities will have endowments far exceeding those of the older institutions.

In a number of cases the funds derived from the sale of university lands have been considerably augmented by the land grant of 1862, which was given by some of the States to the State universities, while in other cases the fund was used for the establishment of separate and distinct institutions.

The State universities have also as a rule been generously treated by the legislatures of their respective States in the matter of annual and special appropriations. Very recently the legislature of Missouri granted to the State University at Columbia the direct tax refunded to the State by the General Government, amounting to $647,900. This amount is to be added to the permanent endowment fund, increasing the latter to $1,180,946.

The statistics of State universities for the year under consideration are given in the table on the following page.

783

The following shows the present organization of the State universities and the manner in which the controlling power is chosen:

The University of Alabama comprises

I. Academic Department..

II. Law Department. It is controlled byBoard of Trustees..

The University of California comprises

a Classical course.

Classical course.
Scientific course.
Literary course.

Civil engineering course.
Mining engineering course.

JG

Governor of State,

State superintendent of education.
(9 trustees appointed by the governor and confirmed by the senate.

2. College of Agriculture. 3. College of Mechanics.

1. College of Letters..b Literary course.
c Course in letters and political science.

7. Lick Observatory.
8. College of Law.

9. College of Medicine.
10. College of Dentistry.
11. College of Pharmacy.

4. College of Mining.

5. College of Civil Engineering.

6. College of Chemistry. It is controlled by

Board of Regents..

The University of Colorado comprises

Governor.

Lieutenant governor.
Speaker of assembly.
Superintendent of public instruction.
President of State Agricultural Society.

President of Mechanics' Institute of San Francisco.

President of university.

16 regents appointed by the governor and confirmed by the senate.

}

2. State College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts..

3. School of Technology.

4. School of Law.

5. School of Medicine.

It is controlled by

Ex officio.

The University of Illinois comprises

I. College of Agriculture

Bachelor of arts.

Bachelor of philosophy.
Bachelor of science.
Bachelor of letters.
Master of arts.
Master of science.

II. College of Engineering

Other courses ....
It is controlled by-
Board of Trustees...

Governor.

Ex officio.

President of board of technological school.

Board of Trustees.. One from each Congressional district of the State, four from the State at large, and two from the city of Athens, appointed by the governor and confirmed by the senate.

Ex officio.

Bachelor of arts.
Bachelor of science.
Master of arts.
Master of science.
Bachelor of agriculture.
Bachelor of engineering.

Course in agriculture.

Junior course in agriculture.
Course in mechanical engineering.
Course in electrical engineering.
Course in civil engineering,
Course in mining engineering.
Course in architecture.
Course in chemistry.
Course in natural history.
Course in English and science.
Course in Latin and science.

III. College of Natural Science

IV. College of Literature and Science. Course in ancient languages.

Course in philosophy and pedagogy.
Course in military science.
Course in art and design.

Course in rhetoric and oratory.

Ex oficio.

Governor of State.
President of State Agricultural Society.
State superintendent of public instruction.
9 trustees appointed by governor and confirmed by senate.

II. Law Department.

III. Medical Department.

IV. Homeopathic Medical Department.

V. Dental Department.

VI. Pharmaceutical Department.

It is controlled by

Governor.

Ex oficio.

Superintendent of public instruction. (

Board of Regents. One member from each Congressional district who are elected by the general assembly.

The University of Kansas comprises

I. Department of Literatures, Sciences, and the Arts..

II. School of Law.

III. School of Music.

IV. School of Pharmacy.
It is controlled by-
6 appointed by governor and confirmed by the senate.
Board of Regents Chancellor-elected by the regents.

The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College comprises

I. Subfreshman Department.
II. Collegiate Department..

III. Commercial course.
It is controlled by-

Literary course-A. B.
Agricultural course-B. S.
Mechanical course-B. S.

Governor of State.
Sup't of public education. Ex officio.

}

Board of Supervisors. President of university.

General scientific course.
Latin scientific course.
Classical course.
Modern literature course.
Latin English course.
General language course.
Civil engineering course.
Electrical engineering course.

12 members appointed by the governor and confirmed by the senate.

The University of Michigan comprises

Bachelor of arts.

Bachelor of philosophy,
Bachelor of science.
Bachelor of letters.
Civil engineer.
Mechanical engineer.
Mining engineer.

I. Department of Literature, Science, and the Arts, comprising Electrical engineer. courses leading to

II. Department of Medicine and Surgery.

III. Department of Law.

IV. School of Pharmacy.

V. Homeopathic Medical College.

VI. College of Dental Surgery.
It is controlled by-

The University of Minnesota comprises

I. College of Science, Literature, and Arts..

II. College of Mechanic Arts.
III. College of Agriculture.
IV. Department of Law.

Master of arts.

Master of philosophy.
Master of science.
Master of letters.
Doctor of philosophy.
Doctor of science.
Doctor of letters.

President of university.

Board of Regents.. 18 regents elected by popular vote for terms of 8 years.

Classical.

Scientific-School of Mining and Metallurgy.
Literary.

S

College of Medicine and Surgery.

V. Department of Medicine..College of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery.

College of Dentistry..