corps of instructors, but, as said before, the large majority of these are engaged as assistants or as instructors in music, art, etc. The same investigation also showed that 24 of the coeducational institutions have women as members of their boards of trustees.

Students.-The distribution of the 118,581 students among the several departments is shown in the following diagram:

III.-Diagram showing the distribution of students among the several departments of colleges and universities.

The graduate students form a very small percentage of the total number, notwithstanding the remarkable increase in this respect during the past twenty years. As would naturally be expected, much the larger proportion of all the students are males, though this ratio is being constantly decreased. The accompanying diagram shows the proportion of males and females reported in all departments of colleges and universities:

IV.-Diagram showing the sex of students in all departments of colleges and universities.

Taking only the regular college students-that is, students pursuing undergraduate college courses, we find that the proportion of males is larger than when the students in all departments are considered. The total number of stu

1 See p. 819.

dents reported as being in the collegiate departments was 44,133, and the classification according to sex is given in the following diagram :

V.-Diagram showing the sex of students in collegiate departments.

Location of institutions.-The distribution of colleges among the several geographical sections of the United States is shown in the following:

VI-Diagram showing the distribution of 415 colleges and universities among the several geo graphical divisions of the United States.

Distribution of college students.-The proportion of regular college students enrolled in the several divisions is shown in Diagram VII.

VII-Diagram showing the distribution of regular college students among the several geographical divisions.

Comparing Diagrams VI and VII it will be seen that the North Atlantic Division is the only one in which the proportion of college students is greater than the proportion of institutions. This is somewhat changed when we consider the students in all the departments, the distribution of which is as follows:

VIII.-Diagram showing distribution of total number of students among the several geographical divisions.

Comparing the above diagram with Diagram VI we find that in this case both the North Atlantic and North Central Divisions have a larger proportion of students than institutions. With respect to the North Central Division this fact is due to the large number of preparatory students. Nearly 53 per cent. of the total number of such students reported are found in this section-i. e., the North Central. Here also are found a large number of students in business, music, and art departments. In the North Atlantic Division the proportion of preparatory students is comparatively small. This is especially the case in the New England States, where the total number, 112, is reported by one institution. The excellent secondary schools maintained by this section of the country relieve the colleges and universities of preparatory work, thus allowing their entire resources to be devoted to higher education. Preparatory departments in other sections of the country are being abolished as fast as the high schools attain a standard which will allow such action to be taken.

Income. The sources from which colleges and universities draw their annual income forms another interesting subject for investigation. The total income reported for 1889-90 was $10,801,918, derived from tuition fees, productive funds, S ate or municipal appropriations, and from miscellaneous sources. The ratio which the income derived from each of these sources bears to the total income is shown in the following diagram:

IX.-Diagram showing the sources of income of colleges and universities. As would be expected, the amount of income derived from productive funds is greater than that from any other source, while the amount derived from tuition fees is but a little more than one-third of the total. As institutions supported by tuition fees nearly always expend their total annual income the small proportion of the cost of college education paid by students is again forcibly brought out. The inference is that vigorous institutions for higher education can not be self-supporting, but must receive aid from sources other than tuition fees. The income derived from permanent funds was $3,966,083, distributed among the several geographical divisions as follows:

X.-Diagram showing the proportion of income from productive funds reported by the colleges and universities of the several geographical divisions.

ED 90-49