Charts. With reference to charts Mrs. Hunt says: "To be worth anything to the cause the endorsement of this department on scientific matter must represent accuracy. Realizing the injury to the work sure to follow any accusation of inaccuracy that could be well sustained, we have hesitated about placing our endorsement upon physiological charts. We are yet waiting for the chart that shall be pronounced accurate, as to delineation and coloring, by the best physiological experts, and that shall give a due representation of the evil results of narcotic indulgence. We would advise our friends to delay the purchase of charts until some that are authorized are issued."

Course of study.—In order to assist in finding a place for this study, and to determine how much to teach each year and in what grades to teach it orally, a carefully graded course of study in this branch has been prepared covering all these points." "It also shows the grades or classes in both graded and ungraded schools to which the various books are adapted." This course of study is as fol lows:

NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUCTION OF THE WOMAN'S CHRISTIAN TEMPERANCE UNION.

A SCHEDULE OF COURSES OF STUDY IN PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE NATURE AND EFFECTS OF ALCOHOLIC DRINKS AND OTHER NARCOTICS.

This plan provides for three lessons per week for fourteen weeks of each school year, after which the subject may be dropped for the remainder of the year, to be taken up with a more advanced treatment for the same length of time the following year. These courses, with well-graded text-books that contain the truths the law requires taught, will, if faithfully pursued, with oral or written reviews, cover the subject, and will not unduly crowd other studies.

GRADED SCHOOLS.

COURSE A.-For graded schools having eight years below the high school.

[Pathfinder series of text-books.]

First, second, and third year.—"Child's Health Primer," in hands of teacher for oral instruction. Lessons three times per week. Facts drawn from text-book. Fourth year.-"Child's Health Primer," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until the book is completed.

Fifth year.-"Hygiene for Young People," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until first half of book is completed.

Sixth year."Hygiene for Young People," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until last half of book is completed, reviewing from beginning.

Seventh year.-"Lessons in Hygiene, No. 2 of Appleton series," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until first half of book is completed. Eighth year.-"Lessons in Hygiene, No. 2 of Appleton series," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until last half of book is completed, reviewing from first chapter.

High-school year.-"Steele's Hygienic Physiology," in hands of pupils until book is completed.

COURSE B.2-For graded schools having eight years below the high school.

[Appleton series of text-books.]

First, second, and third year.-"Health for Little Folks," in hands of teacher for oral instruction. Lessons three times per week. Facts drawn from text-book. Fourth year.-"Health for Little Folks," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

1 In schools having seven years below the high school, more time per year should be given to the study, so as to complete Lessons in Hygiene during the seventh year. If there are only six years below the high school, enough time should be given to complete "Hygiene for Young People" during the fifth year, as well as Lessons in Hygiene during the sixth year.

2 Schools having seven years below the high school can complete Lessons in Hygiene" during the seventh year. Those having six years below the high school can, in addition, complete "Young People's Physiology" during the sixth year.

Fifth year.-"Young People's Physiology," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until first half of book is completed.

Sirth year." Young People's Physiology," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until last half of book is completed, reviewing from first chapter.

Seventh year.-"Lessons in Hygiene," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until first half of book is completed.

Eighth year.-"Lessons in Hygiene," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until last half of book is completed.

High-school year.-"Outlines of Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene," by Roger S. Tracy, M. D., in hands of pupils until book is completed.

COURSE C.-For graded schools having seven years below the high school.

[Union series of text-books.]

First, second, and third year.—"Number One" of the Union series, in hands of teacher for oral instruction. Lessons three times per week. Facts drawn from text-book.

Fourth year.

-"Number One" of the Union series, in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

Fifth year. "Number Two" of the Union series, in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

Sixth year." Number Three" of the Union series, in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until first half of book is completed."

Seventh year." Number Three" of the Union series, in hands of pupils. Three recitations per week until last half of book is completed, reviewing from first chapter.

High-school year.-Steele's "Hygienic Physiology," or "Outlines of Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene," by Roger S. Tracy, M. D., or "The Human Body and the Effects of Narcotics," by H. Newell Martin, M. D. In hands of pupils until book is completed.

COURSE D.-For graded schools having six years below the high school.

[Eclectic series of text-books.]

First, second, and third year.-"House I Live In," in hands of teacher for oral instruction. Recitations three times per week. Facts drawn from text-book. Fourth year."House I Live In," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

Fifth year." Youth's Temperance Manual," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until first half of book is completed.

Sixth year."Youth's Temperance Manual," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until last half of book is completed.

High-school year." Eclectic Guide to Health," in hands of pupils until book is completed.

COURSE E.-For graded schools having eight years below the high school.

[Blaisdell Revised Physiology series.]

First, second, and third year." Physiology for Little Folks," in hands of teacher for oral instruction. Lessons three times per week. Facts drawn from text-book.

Fourth year.--"Physiology for Little Folks," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

Fifth year." Physiology for Boys and Girls," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until first half of book is completed.

Sixth year.-"Physiology for Boys and Girls," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until last half of book is completed, reviewing from first chapter.

Seventh year.-"Young Folks' Physiology," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until first half of book is completed,

Schools having six years below the high school can complete "Number Three" of the Union series during the sixth year.

702

EDUCATION REPORT, 1889-90.

Eighth year.- -"Young Folks' Physiology," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until last half of book is completed, reviewing from first chapter.

High-school year.-Steele's "Hygenic Physiology," or Tracy's Outlines of Anatomy, Physiology, and Hygiene," or Martin's Human Body and the Effects of Narcotics," in hands of pupils until book is completed.

UNGRADED SCHOOLS.

In an ungraded school, three classes should be formed, one for advanced pupils, one for those who rank as intermediate, and another for primary. All pupils in the school should be divided according to their attainments among these three classes.

Is it necessary to have a separate book for each of the three classes referred to in an ungraded school? Yes, emphatically yes. All pupils in ungraded schools where there are advanced pupils can not be taught as the law requires with less than three grades of books. The primary or lower grade pupils need a book they can understand; the next grade should have one a little inore advanced; and pupils who correspond to the high-school grade should have a book adapted to their acquirements. This study has often been made a ridiculous failure by the attempt in ungraded schools to make one book (and that often a high-school book) fit all pupils.

COURSE A.-For ungraded schools, or schools having two, three or four departments.

[Pathfinder series of text-books.]

Primary class.-Pupils reading in the primer, first, second, and third readers. "Child's Health Primer," in hands of teacher for oral instruction. Lessons three times per week. Facts drawn from text-book.

Intermediate class.-Pupils reading in Fourth Reader. "Hygiene for Young People," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

Advanced class.-Pupils reading in Fifth Reader and higher books. "Physiology and Health, No. 3 of Union series," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

COURSE B. For ungraded schools, or schools having two, three, or four departments.

[Appleton series of text-books.)

Primary class.-Pupils reading in the primer, first, second, and third readers. "Health for Little Folks," in hands of teacher for oral instruction. Lessons three times per week. Facts drawn from text-book.

Intermediate class.-Pupils reading in Fourth Reader. "Young People's Physiology," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until took is completed, reviewing from first chapter.

Advanced class.-Pupils reading in Fifth Reader and higher books. "Lessons in Hygiene," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

COURSE C.-For ungraded schools, or schools having two, three, or four departments.

[Union series of text-books.]

Primary class.-Pupils reading in the primer, first, second, and third readers. "Number One" of the Union series, in hands of teacher for oral instruction. Lessons three times per week. Facts drawn from text-book.

Intermediate class.-Pupils reading in fourth reader. "Number Two" of the Union series in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

Advanced class.-Pupils reading in fifth reader and higher books. "Number Three" of the Union series, in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

1 Where there are pupils of high-school grade in ungraded schools, they should have a highschool text-book, either Steele's "Hygienic Physiology," or "Outlines of Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene," by Roger S. Tracy, M. D., or The Human Body and the Effects of Narcotics," by H. Newell Martin, M. D.

COURSE D.-For ungraded schools, or schools having two, three, or four departments. [Eclectic series of text-books.]

Primary class.-Pupils reading in the primer, first, second, and third readers. "House I Live In,” in hands of teacher for oral instruction. Lessons three times per week. Facts drawn from text-book.

Intermediate class.-Pupils reading in fourth reader. "Youth's Temperance Manual," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

Advanced class.-Pupils reading in fifth reader and higher books. Guide to Health," in hands of pupils until book is completed.

"Eclectic

COURSE E.-For ungraded schools, or schools having two, three, or four departments.

[The Blaisdell revised series of text-books.]

Primary class.-Pupils reading in the primer, first, second, and third readers. "Physiology for Little Folks," in hands of teacher for oral instruction. Lessons three times per week. Facts drawn from text-books.

Intermediate class.-Pupils reading in fourth reader. "Physiology for Boys and Girls," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

Advanced class.-Pupils reading in fifth reader and higher books. "Young Folks' Physiology," in hands of pupils. Recitations three times per week until book is completed.

REASONS FOR THE ADOPTION OF A COURSE OF STUDY AS OUTLINED.

The reasons to be urged in favor of adopting a definite course of study in this topic, which includes text-books in the hands of all pupils above the primary, are as follows:

First. Such a course gives the definite time and place to the branch that the law demands.

Second. It points out the grade for which oral instruction is adapted, and those in which instruction should be given from text-books in the hands of pupils.

Third. It specifies the grade for which each book is adapted. The pupil just learning to gain information from a text-book needs one in which the style and vocabulary is very little in advance of his own. As soon as he gains ability to master a more advanced style and treatment he needs a more advanced book. To keep him longer in the book he has outgrown is to stultify his developing faculties. On the other hand, to give him a book too advanced is to discourage him and lead to a distaste for study. Either course is false economy and contrary to all educational principles.

Fourth. The use of text-books as specified secures the teaching of truth instead of the notions and traditions of some teacher who has had no special education on this topic.

Fifth. It will, in nearly all cases, prevent outside topics, such as the legal or political phases of the temperance question, from being brought into the recitation under the guise of scientific temperance instruction, which sometimes gives rise to trouble.

Sixth. It takes less time from the overcrowded school course than anything like an honest attempt above the primary class to teach the subject orally, which is always liable to cause waste of time through branching out into unimportant collaterals.

act.

TOPICAL OUTLINE OF COURSE OF STUDY.1

[Prepared by Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction, W. C. T. U.]

This age needs men and women who are wise to resolve, strong and quick tɔ Such men and women are the result of the right development of the threefold human system, mental, moral, and physical, and are the object sought by this study.

1 This topical outline has been furnished by Mrs. Hunt in advance of publication.

Because the use of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics is a prime obstacle in the way of such development, a knowledge of their origin, their inherent evil nature, and of their destructive efects is an objective point in the study of scientific or physiological temperance. But it is by no means all. This study does not stop with teaching the consequences of evil. It at the same time shows the road to the ideal.

As demanded by law and presented in all approved manuals of instruction, it teaches the all-round physical education that leads to strength, health, and such physical development as will make the body an efficient servant of a rightly trained mind—a meet temple for the divine indwelling. In showing the consequences of broken natural law, it is also a powerful moral teacher.

As some knowledge of structure is an essential basis, enough anatomy and physiology to make the various laws of hygiene intelligible is a part of the study. The whole subject may be classified under the following divisions:

Ten divisions.

(There may be differences of opinion as to the order of presenting these divisions. It is not essential that the same order be always followed, provided the division treating of the nature of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics precede those treating of the various organs and the effects of these narcotics upon them.)

1. Food.-This division includes the uses of and kinds of food and rules for their selection and proper preparation, together with hygienic rules in regard to eating.

(For reference and personal study the teacher should have some one of the highschool books mentioned on the last page of this circular, and for guidance in the selection of matter appropriate for primary grades, one or more of the primary books there mentioned.)

2. Alcoholic drinks and other narcotics.-This division has for its object to show when and why healthful fruit juices and grain infusions become poisonous drinks that should be avoided. The instruction therefore covers the changes that take place in these liquids during fermentation, the causes of such changes, and the nature of the changed liquids.

(For full information on these points the teacher should study this division of the subject in some one or more of the text-books mentioned above, and for the selection of matter adapted to grade, the primary text-books before mention d.) 3. Digestion.-Its anatomy, physiology, and hygiene, and the effects of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics.

4. Circulation.-Its anatomy, physiology, and hygiene, and the effects of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics. In this division the controlling action of the vaso-motor and inhibitory nerves should be brought out as early as possible, because many of the contradictory appearances concerning the action of alcoholic and other narcotics on various portions of the body are only intelligible when this is understood.

5. Respiration. Its anatomy, physiology, and hygiene, including the effects of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics, with special emphasis on the importance of breathing pure air, of full and deep breathing, and of right positions for securing this; also of simple methods of ventilating rooms in which no provision for ventilation has been made. Such information, put into actual practice in the schoolroom, will be carried home by the children and correct many of the bad habits in this direction that lead to unhealthful conditions of the body and to drink.

6. The nervous system.-Its anatomy, physiology, and hygienic laws that gov ern the best development of nerve and brain tissue, and the consequences of disobeying these laws in the use of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics. The shock of all narcotic indulgence falls with greatest force on the nervous system. Instruction at this point should therefore be full and emphatic. Effects on the intellect, will, and moral character, as a result of its effects on brain and nerve tissue, should be fully brought out, as is done in all the approved text-books, which also indicate how much of each topic may be appropriately presented in each grade.

7. The bones.-The anatomy and physiology of bone tissue and its hygiene, including the effects of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics. Special stress should be laid on the fact that growth lost through wrong habits during the growing time of life can never afterwards be made up, of the importance of right position, and the relation of proper food, and the effects of alcohol, tobacco, and other narcotics in preventing healthful growth.