Guesclin, 534. Who slays the citizens, 534. The Constable Clisson imprisoned by the Duke of Brittany in, ii. 38. Captured by the Spaniards, iii. 275
Hennecourt, defeat of the Maréchal de Guiche at, iii. 538
Henrietta Maria, daughter of Louis XIII., proposed marriage between her and Charles I. of England, iii. 442. Negotiations for the marriage, 447, 451. Quarrel about her French followers at the English court, 472 Henrietta of England, married to the Duke of Orleans, iii. 649. Her intimacy with the King, 651. Her influence in obtaining a treaty between Louis XIV. and Charles II., 673. Her death, 674
Henriot, the convict, leader of the sections, iv. 584. Attacks the Convention with his armed mob, 588
Henriot, commander of the Communes, arrested, but released, iv. 657. Attacks the Conven- tion, but fails, 658. Flung out of the window of the Hotel de Ville by Coffinhal, 659 Henry IV., Emperor of Germany, his quarrel with the Pope, i. 102, 103. His death, 117 Henry V., Emperor of Germany, his accession, i. 118. His marriage with Matilda, daughter of Henry I. of England, 118. Peace between him and the Pope effected by the treaty of Worms, or Wurtzburg, 124. Excommuni- cated by the Council of Rheims, 125. Joins Henry I. of England against Louis the Fat, 125. His death, 125
Henry VI., Asper, Emperor of Germany, im- prisons, and subsequently releases, Richard I. of England, i. 160
Henry I., King of France, recognised as Duke of Burgundy, i. 81. Succeeds to the throne, 87. Protected against the Count of Cham- pagne by Duke Robert of Normandy, 88. Death of his protector, Robert, in the Holy Land, 90. Implores the protection of Geoffrey Martel, Connt of Anjou, 91. Quar- rels with Duke William of Normandy, who surprises and defeats him, 91. Marries Anne, a daughter of the Czar of Russia, 92. Their son Philip, afterwards Philip I., 92. Henry's death, 92
Henry II., King of France, when Duke of Orleans exchanged for his father by the Spaniards, ii. 491. Proposal to marry him to the Princess Mary, daughter of Henry VIII., 500. His liberation, 506, 519. Offered as a husband to Catherine of Me- dicis, 526. Conclusion of the marriage, 528. Proposal of Charles V. to give him the duchy of Milan, 543, 545, 546. The Low Countries proposed to be substituted for Milan, 547. Influence of Diana of Poitiers over him, 550. Sent to invade Rousillon, 553. His protests against the peace of Crespy, 565. His endea-
vours to capture Boulogne from the Eng- lish, 565, 566. His father's anger with him, 587. Death of his father, and his accession to the crown, 588-592. Por- traiture of him, 592. His favourites, 593. Orders the condemnation of Vervins and De Biez, 596. His foreign policy, 596. Visits Piedmont, 599. Obtains Boulogne, 604. Betrothes his daughter Elizabeth to Edward VI. of England, 604. His alliance with Duke Maurice, of Saxony, against the Em- peror, 607. His expedition to Lorraine, 609. Takes Metz and Nancy, 609, 610. Carries off the young Duke of Lorraine, 609. Opens the campaign of 1554, 615. Signature of the truce of Vaucelles, 619. Sends the army of the Holy League, under Guise, into Italy, 622. Defeat of his army at St. Quentin, 625, 626. Calais taken from the English, 628, 629. Marries the Dauphin to the Queen of Scotland, 631. The King's impa- tience of the control of the Guises, 631. Besieges Thionville, 632. Conclusion of the peace of Cateau Cambresis, 635. Henry re- stores Savoy to the Duke, 636. Motives influencing his policy, 638, 639. His oppo- sition to the Reformers, 639. Promulgates the Edict of Châteaubriand, 640. Visits the Parlement, and orders the arrest of some of the Protestant judges, 646, 647. Marriage of the Princess Elizabeth to Philip II. of Spain, 647. And of Henry's sister Margaret to the Duke of Savoy, 648. Death of Henry, 647, 648
Henry III., King of France, proposal to marry him, when Duke of Anjou, to a Spanish prin cess, iii. 86, 87. Made lieutenant-general of the kingdom, 97. Courted both by the Ca- tholics and Huguenots, 100. Leads an army against the Huguenots, 102. Gains the battle of Jarnac, 102, 103. And the battle of Mon- contour, 105-107. Besieges St. Jean d'An- gelys, 107. His difficulties for want of money, 108, note. Denounces the marriage of his sister Margaret with the Duke of Guise, 110, 112. Project to marry him to Queen Eliza- beth, 112. Proposes the union of his sister Margaret with Henry of Navarre, 112. His efforts to make the Huguenots a stepping- stone to power, 112, 113. Proposes the con- quest of Flanders, 112, 113. Jealousy of his brother, Charles IX., of him, 112. Wish of the King to marry him to Queen Elizabeth, 113. His religion, 122. His retreat from the English marriage, 125. Makes peace with Guise, and again becomes champion of the Church, 125. Offers made by Rome to him. 127. Opposes a rupture with France, 129. Suborns an assassin to murder Admiral Co- ligny, 136. Attends the council preceding the St. Bartholomew massacre, 138. Wit
nesses the murders, 143. Lays siege to Anjou, 152. Elected King of Poland, 153. Wounded at La Rochelle, 154. Takes his departure for Poland, 155. His accession to the throne on the death of his brother, Charles IX., 160. His journey to, and life in, Poland, 163. His letters to the Princess of Condé, 163. His es- cape from Poland, 163. His visit to Vienna and Venice, 164. His endeavours to arrest Damville, 164. His mother's advice to him as to his private conduct, 164. His want of acti- vity, 165. Restores some fortresses to the Duke of Savoy, 165. His journey to Lyons, 165. His mummery there, 166. Suspected of a design of divorcing and marrying the Princess of Condé, 166. His coronation, 166. And marriage to Louise of Lorraine, 167. His extravagance, and discontent of the Catholic party, 167. Flight of his brother Alençon from court, 168. Seeks to persuade the King of Navarre to kill Alençon, 168. Whom the King forgives, 169. Conclusion of a truce with the Huguenots, 170. And of the Paix de Monsieur, 173. Formation of the Catholic League, 175. The King's crimes in the eyes of the Catholics and Parisians, 177. Doctrines of the lawyer David, 178. The King's inability to keep the balance between the contending parties, 179-180. Strives to defeat the League by placing himself at its head, 180. His adherence to the Catholics, and alienation of the Huguenot party, 181. Refusal of the Estates of Blois to grant him his financial demands, 182. Sends two armies against the Huguenots, 185. Concludes peace with them at Bergerac, 188. His puerile and flagitious tastes, 189. Decline of pure reli- gious fanaticism in his reign, 190. The King's extravagance and effeminacy in dress, 191. His hatred for his younger brother, 191. Founds the order of the Saint Esprit, 192. His alternate ascetism and debauchery, 196. Gives the first offices of state to his new fa- vourites, 196. His revenue, and modes of levy- ing it, 196. A secret league of the Parisians formed against him, 197. Entreats the King of Navarre to conform to Catholicism, 197. Summoned both by the concordat of Magde- burg and by the ultra-Catholics to join them, 199. Offered the sovereignty of Flanders, 199. Resuscitation of the League, 199. Which he publicly declines, 200. His answer to the manifesto of the League, 203. Failure of negotiations with Henry of Navarre, 208. Musters an army to oppose Navarre, 209. Takes command of an army against the Ger- man auxiliaries of the Huguenots, 212. His triumphal entry into Paris, 214. Betrayed by his mother, 214, 215. And bearded by the Duke of Guise in Paris, 217. Insurrec- tion of the Barricades, 218. Henry flies from
Paris to Chartres, 219. Summons the Es- tates at Blois, 221. Attacks of his ambi- tious neighbours at this time, 221. Comes to terms with Guise, 222. And signs the Ca- tholic Union, 222. His revenue cut off by the Estates, 225. His views as to self-defence against Guise, 225. Whose assassination he meditates, 228. Murder of the Duke in the King's bed-room, 230. Struggle be- tween the Loyalists and Leaguers throughout the kingdom, 236. Henry's difficult position, 238. Threatened with excommunication, 238. Rally of the nobility and gentry to him, 239. His letter to the Pope, 242. Comes to terms with the Huguenots, 243. And enters into an alliance with Henry of Navarre, 243. At- tacked by the Duke of Mayenne, who is com- pelled by the Huguenots to decamp, 245. Re- gains his authority, and returns to St. Cloud, 244-246. From which he threatens Paris, 246. Murdered by Jacques Clement, 246, 247. Henry IV., King of France, proposal of Charles V. to marry him to an Austrian princess, ii. 644. Accompanies his mother with an army to join the Huguenots, iii. 101. Presented by his mother to the people of La Rochelle, 102. Project of marriage between him and the Princess Margaret, 112, 114, 116, 117. The marriage, 126, 133. Death of his mother, 127. Murder of his Huguenot followers, 143. Proposition to slay him, 144. Alternative offered him by the King, 145. Yields to the threats of the court, 150. Brought to the siege of La Rochelle, 154. His part in the plot against the Queen-mother, 156. His de- fence, written by his wife, 159. His sub- mission to the King at Lyons, 165. Refuses to murder the Duke d'Alençon, 168. Escapes from court, 171, 172. Given the government of Guienne, 173. Refused admittance into Bordeaux, 179. Stays away from the Estates of Blois, 181. Inclines to a reconciliation with the court, 186. Motives which swayed him, 187. The League directed principally against him, 187. His religious indifference, 190. Declares war against France, 193. Besieges and takes Cahors, 194. Becomes heir to the throne, 195. Entreated by the King of France to conform to Catholicism, 197. Signs the concordat of Magdeburg, 199. His answer to the manifesto of the League, 203. And reply to the Edict of Re- union, 205. Excommunicated by the Pope, 205. Remains on the defensive, 206. Reaches La Rochelle, 207. Meets Catherine of Me- dicis at Cognac, 208. Joins the Count of Soissons, and marches to meet the Royalists, 209, 210. Whom he defeats at the battle of Coutras, 210, 211. Retires in disgust to Béarn, 212. Issues a declaration, 241. En- ters into an alliance with the King, 243. His
accession to the throne of France, 248. Not recognised by the Royalists, 249. Difference between his court and that of the late King, 249. His answer to the treasurer D'O, 250, 251. His difficult position, 251. Gives hopes of his conversion to Catholicism, 254. His army diminished, 255. Marches to the coast to obtain supplies from England, 255. Col- lects an army to oppose the Duke of Mayenne and the League, 256. Whom he defeats at the battle of Arques, 257. Receives men and supplies from England, 259. Warned by Queen Elizabeth to throw the Cardinal of Bourbon into prison, 259. Which he exe- cutes, 259. Suddenly attacks Paris, 259. Pillages the suburbs of the city, 259. His growing popularity and success, 260, 261. The Cardinal of Bourbon declared King by the League, 262. Besieges Dreux, 264. De- feats the League at Ivry, 264-266. Invests Paris, 267. His crown declared forfeited by the Sixteen, 268. Raises the siege of Paris, 273. And retires to Creil and Clermont, 274. Intrigues and infidelity in his own Bourbon family, 276. Summons a council at Mantes to consider his going over to the Catholics, 277. Publishes the Edict of Tours, 277. Makes an attempt to surprise Paris, 279. Takes Noyon, 279. Joins the Viscount de Turenne with German troops, 279. Attends the marriage of Turenne, 280. His foreign auxiliaries, 280. Receives further supplies from Queen Elizabeth, and at her recommen- dation lays siege to Rouen, 280, 282. Leaves the siege to Biron, and marches to meet the Prince of Parma, 284. Wounded and defeated near Aumale, 284, 285. Compelled to raise the siege of Rouen, 286. Escape of his foe down the Seine, 287. Gets between the Prince and Paris, 287. His failure as a general, 288. Defection of many of the Catholic lords, 284. The King's losses in the south and west, 289. Advised by his most attached followers to offer to resume the Catholic faith, 289, 290. Convocation of the Estates in Paris for the purpose of electing another king, 290. His conference at Suresne with the Catholic leaders, 294. Summons a council of divines at Mantes, 295. His demands sent thence to Paris, 296. Besieges Dreux, 297. Which he carries by assault, 298. Pronounces his recantation in the cathedral of St. Denis, 299, 300. His reasons for his abjuration, 300. His character, 301. The great restorer of the monarchic principles, 302. Rally of all the chief Leaguers, except Mayenne, to him, 307-309. Implores Queen Elizabeth to leave him the English force still in France, 309. Crowned at Chartres, 310. His entry into Paris, 310. His amnesty, 311. His generosity to the Guises, 311. Dissatisfac-
tion of the Huguenots with him, 312. Be- sieges and captures Laon, 312. Attempt of Jean Châtel to assassinate him, 313. Ejects the Jesuits from Paris, 313. And abolishes
the incapacity and exclusion from office of the Huguenots, 313. Turns his attention to the reconquest of the east and south, 313, 314. Declares war against Spain, 314. Drives the Spaniards over the Saone at La Fontaine Française, 315. Purchases the surrender of the castle of Dijon, 315. ters Franche Comté, but withdraws to Lyons, 315. His anxiety about the north, 315, 316. Proceeds to Burgundy, and divides the com- mand in the north, 316. Defeat of his troops by the Spaniards at Dourlens, 316. Loss of Cambray, 317. Absolution and re- conciliation of the Pope, 318. Receives the submission of the Duke of Mayenne, 318. His objurgation to Parliament, 319. Raises men and money, 320. And besieges La Fère, 320. Submission of the Dukes of Joyeuse and Epernon, 330. Presses the Protestant powers for aid against Spain, 320. Discontent of Queen Elizabeth with him, 321, 322. Loss of Calais, 322. His dismay at the successes of the Spaniards in his kingdom, 323. Borrows money from Queen Elizabeth, 324. His belief in none save his nobles, 324. Opens an assembly of notables at Rouen, 327. Capture of Amiens by the Spaniards, 329. Henry's measures, 329, 330. Besieges the Spaniards in Amiens, which surrenders, 330, 331. Endeavours of Pope Clement V. to make peace between France and Spain, 332. Henry's desire of obtaining a divorce from Margaret of Valois, 332. Reduces the Duke of Mercœur in Brittany, 333, 334. His treatment of the Huguenots in the south, 334. Signs the Edict of Nantes, 339. And the treaty of Vervins, 345. Death of Gabrielle d'Estrées, 351. His divorce from Margaret of Valois, and marriage with Marie de Medicis, 351, 352. His new mistress, Henriette d'En- tragues, 352. Birth of his son, the future Louis XIII., 352. Biron's treason, 354–357. His religious policy, 359. Resolves to hum- ble Turenne, 361. Sends an expedition against Sedan, 363. Into which he makes his solemn entry, 364. His designs against the House of Austria, 364, 365. Sends Sully on a mission to James I. of England, 368. Loses the English alliance, 368, 369. His coquetting with religion, 369. Remodels his army, and determines to renew the war with Spain, 373, 375. Supports the cause of the Elector of Brandenburg and the Count of Neuborg in the affair of Cleves, 374. Re- gains the alliance with Savoy, and wins that of Venice, 376. Becomes enamoured of the
Princess of Condé, 376, 377. Prepares to invade Juliers, 377. Fears and anger of the ultra-Catholics, 378. Assassinated by Ravaillac, 379, 380. His death lamented, 380, et seq. His character, 380 Henry I., King of England, defeats his brother Robert at Tinchebray, i. 117. And becomes Duke of Normandy, 117. Rebuilds the for- tress of Gisors, 118. His wars with Louis the Fat, 119. Municipal privileges granted by him to towns, 120. Complained against by Louis VI. to the Pope, 125. Who meets Henry at Gisors, 125. Marries his son William to Matilda of Anjou, 125. Death of his son by shipwreck, 125. Joins the Emperor Henry V. against Louis the Fat, 125. Death of the Emperor, 125. Henry, 131 Henry II., King of England, when Duke of Normandy, marries Eleanor the divorced queen of Louis VII., i. 140. His accession to the throne, 141. His serious rivalry with Louis VII., 141. Source of weakness in his continental possessions, 141. Crushes his brother Geoffrey's rebellion, 142. Margaret, daughter of Louis VII., married to his son Henry, 143. Claims Toulouse, but desists from attacking it, 143. Takes Chaumont, 143. Concludes peace with Louis at Tren- cavel, 143. His quarrel with A'Becket, who is supported by Louis, 144, 145. Rebellion of his Aquitaine subjects, 145. Does homage, with his sons, to Louis, 146. Causes his son Henry to be crowned without his queen, Margaret, 146. Louis declares war in con- sequence, 146. Conspiracy of his sons and others for the King's spoliation, 146. The sons supported by Louis against their father, 146. Gives his son John an apanage in Anjou, 146. Marches with an army of mercenaries against Louis, 146. Whom he puts to the rout, 147. Returns to England, and defeats and captures William I. of Scotland and the Earl of Leicester, 147. Hastens to Nor- mandy and relieves Rouen, 147. Makes peace with Louis, 147. Extends his sway over Berry, 147. Conducts King Louis to the shrine of St. Thomas of Canterbury, 148. Death of his rival Louis, and acces- sion of Philip Augustus, 148. Henry's noble conduct to the young King, 149. With whom he enters into a treaty of alliance and friend- ship, 150. Views with which he regarded his dominions, 150. Causes which alienated his provinces in the South of France, 151. Intervenes to put a stop to a war between France and Flanders, 153. His generosity to Philip Augustus how repaid, 154. Death of Henry's eldest son, 154. Story of Ber- trand de Born, 154. Assumes the Cross, 156. Rebellion of his sons, 156. Besieged
by his son Richard in Tours, 157. Dies at Chinon, cursing his son John, 157 Henry III., King of England, his accession, i. 193. Defeats the French invaders and Eng- lish barons at the Fair of Lincoln, 193. Com- pels Prince Louis to evacuate the country, 193. Loses La Rochelle, 198. Promises aid to the French barons, 207. His feebleness, 210. Invades Brittany, 214. Retreats, 215. Marries Eleanor of Provence, 216. His efforts to aid the Count de la Marche, 222. Refusal of his barons to grant a supply of money, 222. Embarks for France with a small force, 223. Defeated at Taillebourg, and retires to Bordeaux, 224. A five years' truce concluded, 224. Proposal of St. Louis to convert the truce into a lasting peace, 229. Henry's grievances at this period, 229. His loss of his queen's dowry, 230, 231. His treaty with St. Louis, 248. Who arbi- trates between Henry and his barons, 252. Louis's decision set aside, 252. Claims Agen and Xaintonge, 279. His death, 279
Henry IV., King of England, challenged by the Duke of Orleans, ii. 48. Who endeavours to stir up war with England, 49. Applied to by the Duke of Burgundy for aid against the Orleanists, 83, 85. Sends a force to the assistance of the duke, 85. Treasonable appeal of the Duke of Orleans to Henry, 86. Who sends a large force under the Duke of Clarence, 88. Enters into an alliance with the Armagnac party in France, 109 Henry V., King of England, when Prince of Wales, defeats Owen Glendower at Shrews- bury, ii. 49. His claims against France, 108, 109. Presses the completion of his armaments, 109. Receives an embassy from the French court, 110. Invades France, and besieges Harfleur, 111. Which surrenders, 111. Marches north, and meets the French army, 112. Which he defeats at Agincourt, 112-114. Orders the captives to be slain, 114. Proposes a three years' truce to the French, 120. His garrison of Harfleur attacked, 119. And blockaded by the Constable Armagnac, 120. Sends a fleet to relieve Harfleur, 120. Again invades France, 122. Procures the submission of the Cotentin, and lays siego to Caen, 122. Besieges Rouen, 127. His resolution to change the French dynasty, 127. His answers to the French envoys, 127, 128. Demands Flanders, 128. Sur- render of Rouen, 128, 129. And of all the towns of Normandy, 129. Meeting of the English and French courts at Meulant, 129. Henry sees the Princess Catherine for the first time there, 129. His demands, 129. His character, 130. Breaking up of the conference, 130. Conclusion of a truce be- tween England and France, 135. Spends
his Christmas in Rouen, 135. Concludes the treaty of Troyes, 136. Married to the Princess Catherine, and made regent and heir of the kingdom of France, 136. Be- sieges and takes Sens, 137. And Melun, 137. His public entry into Paris with his queen, 137. His arrangements for the go- vernment of the city, 138. His departure for England, 138. His brother Clarence de- feated and slain by the Dauphin at Beaugé, 138. Returns to France, and relieves Char- tres, 139. Completes the reduction of the North of France, 139. His death at Vin- cennes, 140. Causes of his successes in France, 144. His difficulty in garrisoning towns, 145. His character and demeanour, 146. Distributes the fiefs of France among his followers, 146
Henry VI., King of England, crowned at Paris, ii. 185. Proposals of the King of France at Arras, 190. Concludes peace with France, 214. Marries Margaret of Anjou, 215. Cedes Anjou and Maine to her father, René, 215. Resumption of war with France, 225. The English driven out of Normandy, 226-228. And also out of Gascony, 229- 231
Henry VII., King of England, obtains a loan at the French court, and defeats Richard III. at Bosworth, ii. 363, 364. Lends the Bretons assistance against the French, 369. Supports the claim of D'Albret to the hand of the Duchess of Brittany, 370. His pique at the marriage of Charles VIII. of France, 375. Captures Damme, 375. Lands an army in France, but concludes the treaty of France, 375
Henry VIII., King of England, induced to take part in Austrian ambition, ii. 427. Joins a league against France, 433. Sends an army to join the Spaniards, 437. In- vades France, and besieges Thérouanne, 439. Which surrenders to him, 440. Gains the battle of Spurs, 440. Takes Tournay, 440. Marries Catherine of Aragon, 441. gives his sister Mary in marriage to Louis XII., 441. Concludes a treaty with Francis I. of France, 451. His sister married to the Duke of Suffolk, 452. Enters into an alliance with the Emperor Maximilian, 461. Concludes a treaty with Francis I., 462, 467. Betrothes his daughter Mary to the Dauphin, 462, 467, 469. Concludes a treaty with the Emperor Charles, 468. Meets Francis I. at the Field of the Cloth of Gold, 469. Enters into an alliance with the Em-
peror, 471, 472. Declares war against France, 477. Sends an army into Picardy, 478. Withdraws from Charles V. and the Duke of Bourbon, 481. Proposal to de- clare him King of France, 488. With-
draws from the Emperor, and concludes a treaty with France, 493, 494, 500. His policy and aims compared with those of the Emperor Charles V., 521. Shakes off the spiritual dominion of Rome, 522. His divorce from Catherine of Aragon, 522. His motives, 522. Opposition of the University of Paris to his divorce, 523. His treaty with Francis I. at Boulogne, 525. Divorces his queen, and marries Anne Boleyn, 526. Contempt of Francis I. for him, 551. Allies with the Emperor Charles V. against Francis, 556. Sends an English army to join Charles before Landrecies, 557. Invades France and captures Boulogne, 562, 563. Returns to England, 566. Makes peace with France, 569. His death, 569, 586. His views of the Reformation compared with those of Francis I., iii. 4
Henry, King of Navarre. See Henry IV., King of France.
Henry d'Albret, King of Navarre, married to Margaret, sister of Francis I., ii. 517. Worsted by the Pitaux, 600. Openly in- clines to the Reformed religion, 641. His offers to Spain, 644
Henry, Duke of Austrasia, joins Charles the Fat in the murder of the Norman chieftains, i. 49. His death at the siege of Paris, 50 Henry of Castille, joins Conradin, i. 256. De- feated at Tagliacozzo, 256
Henry, Duke of Guise, son of Duke Francis, becomes grand master of the palace, iii. 84. Endeavours of Catherine de Medicis to patch up a peace between him and Coligny, 90. Injures his military reputation at La Roche Maille, 104. Besieged by the Huguenots in Poitiers, 105. His pretensions to the hand of the Princess Margaret, 109, 110. The proposed marriage denounced by the Duke of Anjou, 110. Guise ordered by the King to be slain, 110. Marries the widow of Prince Porcien, 110. Recalled to court, 120. Meets Coligny, 121. Makes peace with the Duke of Anjou, 125. Plays at ball with the King and Téligny, 135. Ordered to massacre the Huguenots, 139. Goes to the hôtel of Coligny, and orders his murder, 141. Gives the Huguenot gentry of the east the choice of the mass or exile, 149. Raises troops, and defeats the Huguenot German auxiliaries, 169. Wounded on the field, 169. Nullifies the treaty of November, 170. Suggests the formation of the League, 175. His measures, 178, 179. His demands, 184. Raises an army, which marches to Poitou, 185. Triumph of the Huguenot party over him, 188, 189. Guise's religious indifference, 190. Forms a secret league of the Parisians against the King, 197. Resuscitates the League, 198, 199. His treason, 200. His
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