the subject. In place of sketches and pictorial illustrations there are used models, and these are of a kind to be readily and inexpensively made.

The

text of the book is lucid; the definitions are clear and comprehensive; the illustrations are new, and fit the text. It is a book of less than one hundred pages, but it is a model of its kind. New York: D. Van Nostrand Co.

MANUAL OF THE PRINCIPLES OF PRACTICAL COOKERY. By E. E. Mann, head teacher of cookery in the Liverpool Training School of Cookery. This is not a book of receipts, but one which sets forth general principles whereby the young housewife may avoid mistakes, and obtain satisfactory results with the materials at her hand. The key-note of common sense is struck in the first chapter, and runs through the book. The entire process of supplying the table, from marketing to serving, is carefully studied. Every housekeeper will find this little volume exceedingly useful, and it will contribute not insignificantly to the health and happiness of those households in which its pages are studied, and the principles therein set forth are intelligently applied. New York: Longmans, Green & Co.

CHILDE HAROLD'S PILGRIMAGE, by Lord Byron, with introduction and notes by Andrew J. George, M.A., and Milton's COMUS, LYCIDAS AND OTHER POEMS, together with Matthew Arnold's ADDRESS ON MILTON, by the same editor, make up the two latest additions to Macmillan's Pocket English Classics Series. Published at 25 cents each, by The Macmillan Co., New York.

THE PROMETHEUS BOUND OF ESCHYLUS, translated, with introduction and notes, by Paul Elmer More. This is a spirited translation of a celebrated poem, giving the dramatic force of the original in choice English. There is a chapter on the Origin of Greek Tragedy, one on the Moral Aspect of Greek Tragedy, a Biographical Sketch of Æschylus, and other helps to the understanding of the play. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Price, $1.00.

We acknowledge the receipt of a convenient and suggestive Latin Composition Blank, by Moses Grant Daniell, from Benj. H. Sanborn & Co., Boston, Mass.

Source-Book OF AMERICAN HISTORY is a unique book, edited by Professor A. B. Hart, of Harvard University. He has here given many important examples of things well worth knowing. It will be a very dull reader indeed who will not take new interest, after reading these brief records, "in the books from which they came, and in the men who wrote them." The material is very carefully selected, and covers four centuries, from John Smith to President McKinley. New York: The Macmillan Co. Price, 60 cents.

MARY CAMERON: A ROMANCE OF FISHERMAN'S ISLAND, by Edith A. Sawyer, is a fresh, beautiful, healthful story of a phase of American life. The scene is laid down East," in the bays, river-mouths, and wooded islands of the coast of Maine. It is a peculiarly fascinating region, the attractions of which are felt by an increasing number of tourists and summer residents each year. To all these, and to a far larger circle of readers among those who enjoy a good story, well told, of human experiences, of adventure, love, sorrow, sea-life and home-life, amid unique and charming scenery of land and water, this book will speak its message. It is interesting, informing, inspiring. It is a good book for a summer outing, and pleasant hours will be spent over it by many an over

worked teacher or business man or woman, with the result of quickly passing. moments, elevated feelings and aspirations, and a profounder conception of the dignity of common life and ordinary opportunities. Boston: Benjamin H. Sanborn & Co. Price, $1.00.

THE FIRST BOOK OF BIRDS. By Olive Thorne Miller. The name of the author is a sufficient guarantee of the character and value of this volume. It is an attempt done in the fascinating style of a master of English and a real bird-lover, to interest young children in bird life. It has grown out of the writer's experience in talking on the subject with children, especially in the kindergarten and lower primary grades. It teaches the child to love and respect the living bird. The book is beautifully illustrated with life-like cuts of many common birds. We wish that the text were more closely related to the illustrations. We think a few words of description in connection with each picture would aid the little folks in identifying the living specimens in the woods and fields. Many interesting anecdotes of bird life are narrated. The book will be useful, and makes excellent supplementary reading. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin & Co. Price, $1.00.

THE CENTURY ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY MAGAZINE. November, 1898, to April, 1899. The bound volumes of THE CENTURY MAGAZINE are always sumptuous, comprehensive, reflective of the life of the world, and especially of the nation. The present volume is unusually important because of the stirring events and marvelous progress of the period of time therein chronicled. The War papers, by such leaders as Sampson, Shafter, Greene and Hobson, the social progress noted in the writings of Jacob Riis, George E. Waring, etc., together with the accounts of discovery and invention, adventure, travel, poetry, and every other human enterprise, make this a marvelous compendium of instruction and entertainment; a mirror in which is reflected the unparalleled progress of the race in the brief period of a half year. This volume will be read and reread by multitudes of people, and preserved for reference and reflection. It is richly illustrated, and bound in the rich old-gold covers and gilt top uniform with previous volumes of the series. New York: The Century Co. Price, $3.00.

PRACTICAL AGRICULTURE. By Charles C. James, M.A. American edition. Edited by John Craig. This book will do a manifest service to the cause of agriculture. It teaches the science as distinct from the art, laying down the great principles underlying the subject, a knowledge of which should be possessed by all who cultivate the soil or raise stock. Indeed, the author goes further, and suggests that this science, which is at the foundation of the prosperity of the country, should be taught in our public schools, and every educated person should be given a fair knowledge of its principles. No book could be better as a text-book for this purpose than the volume under notice. The great principles are clearly grasped, and set forth in simple language. The chapters cover such topics as the plant, the soil, field crops, garden, orchard and vineyard crops, live stock, bees, birds, forestry, roads and the rural home. It is an interesting book throughout, and should be studied by every farmer, and read by everyone. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Price, 80 cents.

LIFE AND REMAINS OF THE REV. R. H. QUICK, edited by F. Storr, is a book which will be eagerly read by many. Mr. Quick, while living, exercised a powerful influence in educational circles, not only in England, but also in this country, and his best thoughts, culled from forty notebooks which are packed in

this volume, along with much interesting matter touching his life, which opened in London, on Sept. 20, 1831, will prove very instructive to all who desire a broader outlook on educational problems. He is best known to us as the author of Educational Reformers, but he was a close, careful observer, and put down in his notebooks a great many wise thoughts on a great variety of subjects, which show him a clear, modest, independent thinker. New York: The Macmillan Co. Price, $1.50.

THE PEDAGOGUES, by Arthur Stanwood Pier, is a vigorous, readable “story of the Harvard Summer School." The chief characters are a young instructor, named Palatine, a quiet, refined young lady, Marion Carleton, with whom he finally falls in love, and two crude young Westerners, Jessie Deagle and George Gorch, her lover. The pert, rude aggressiveness of the self-willed Western girl, and the morose hardness of her lover, who considers himself a poet and a genius, and condemns savagely the easy assumption and dudish ways of their young instructor, are keenly and trenchantly set forth. The book is well worth reading by students, for it teaches some valuable lessons, and taps not a few of the foibles and blunders of youth. Boston: Small, Maynard & Co. Price, $1.25.

We have received the second edition, revised and enlarged, of A PRIMER of THE CALCULUS, by E. Sherman Gould. In this edition a number of errors are corrected and an additional chapter is added. The book is now a thoroughly satisfactory primer of the subject of the calculus. New York: D. Van Nostrand & Co.

OUR NAVY IN TIME OF WAR, by Franklin Matthews, is the latest addition to Appleton's Home Reading Books. Here is a book which will greatly interest the boys. It covers the years 1861-1898, telling the story of the chief events, and bringing out their significance, so that young readers will clearly understand it all. It opens with a full, vivid account of the Monitor, and how she fought the Merrimac. It sets forth Farragut's achievements and Cushing's brave deed. Only, in speaking of the latter, the author falls into the mistake of saying that "two were drowned," which the only living survivor denies. The book closes with thrilling accounts of the great deeds of Dewey and his heroes at Manila, and Schley and Sampson and their brave men at Santiago. Dr. Win. T. Harris opens the book with eight valuable pages of introduction on` systematic home reading and assimilating what we learn from books. New York: D. Appleton & Co. Price, 75 cents.

PERIODICALS.

Articles especially interesting to educators are found in the summer numbers of the monthly magazines as follows: in The Forum for July, Hon. Truxton Beale writes of "The White Race and the Tropics;" and in the same number W. H. Council treats of "The Future of the Negro." -In The North American Review for August there is a valuable paper on "The Paramount Power of the Pacific," by Hon. John Barrett, formerly United States Minister to Siam. In The Coming Age for August, Prof. A. E. Dolbear discusses the results of discoveries by the telescope, spectroscope and microscope, under the taking title, "The Kind of Universe We Live In." -Elizabeth Stuart Phelps has a strong story aimed against the practice of vivisection, in the August Atlantic Monthly.-The International Journal of Ethics has an excellent article in the July number on the important subject of the "Instruction of the Young in Sexual Knowledge," by Professor Lyttelton, of Hertford, England. The School Journal (E. L. Kellogg & Company, N. Y.) has just celebrated its twenty-fifth anniversary. We heartily congratulate them. -Art Study Pictures is a semi-monthly publication giving reproductions of famous art works for clubs and schools; 203 Michigan Ave., Chicago.

EDUCATION

DEVOTED TO THE SCIENCE, ART, PHILOSOPHY AND

LITERATURE OF EDUCATION.

VOL. XX.

OCTOBER, 1899.

No. 2.

No

THE TRAINING OF THE WILL.

PRESIDENT JOHN E. BRADLEY, LL.D., JACKSONVILLE, ILL.

O human attribute has been more extolled than strength of will. It nerves the body and inspires the soul. It is this regal faculty which gives efficiency to all the rest. Without it man is like a water-logged wreck,—the sport of contending currents his intellectual gifts and attainments as useless as the tackle and furnishings of a disabled ship. With this power in vigorous exercise, he is like an ocean steamer, directing his course to a definite purpose regardless of discouragements and opposition. Will is to the mind what the engine and rudder are to the steamer. Man is strong or weak, upright or corrupt, according to the attitude and strength of his will. Out of the heart are the issues of life. No processes are more important in education than those which relate to the enlightenment and invigoration of this power by which all other activities are so largely determined. Whatever augments it enriches every other power. Strength and correctness here are the best guarantee of vigor and reliability everywhere.

Adopting the threefold division of the mental powers,—the intellect, or the power of thought; the sensibility, embracing the simple emotions, affections and desires; and the will, including choice and volition-we note, in the first place, an important law of dependence of, these powers one upon another. While

it is the same spiritual principle which acts, now as intellect, now as sensibility, and now as will, this principle possesses no ability to act in these different forms, except in a fixed and invariable order. The action of the intellect must precede that of the sensibility, and both must precede the action of the will. You will make no effort to attain that which you do not desire, and you can have no desire for that of which you know nothing. The will is the resultant of the various forces supplied by the intellect and the sensibility. The three elements of thought, feeling and willing may be vigorously conjoined in the same act, or conflicting thoughts and emotions may leave the will helpless with doubt; but the dependence must always be in the order stated. The motive to a voluntary action is always found in the sensibility, and this, in turn, is only aroused by the action of the intellect.

It follows as a corollary that whatever access we have to the will in our educational processes must be in accordance with this law. We can only train the will by arousing the appropriate activity of the lower powers.

The office of the will is, then, twofold. It chooses actions, courses of conduct, and it executes the decisions thus made. These two elements are called choice and volition. Choice gives the moral quality to actions, when they possess one; volition supplies the energy to carry them into effect. Without the intellect there would be no light, no choice; without the sensibility there would be no warmth, no motive. The choice may be instantaneous, or it may be the result of long deliberation. Once made, volition follows as a matter of course. But obstacles may intervene; conflicting interests may divert us from our purpose. Training of the will is, therefore, needed along both these lines; along the line of choice, that the pupil may form the habit of making wise and upright decisions; along the line of volition, that his purposes may not fall short of realization by reason of intervening obstacles.

The first service which the teacher can render to the pupil in the training of the will consists in gathering the fitful impulses of childhood into an intelligent purpose. The restlessness and inquisitive instincts of the child have wrought to a grand result before he comes under the teacher's guidance. They are