spent in this city. During his long residence here, he acquired the esteem and respect of all who knew him, consisting of, it may be said, a very large portion of the community."

William Hallowell who undertook to contribute to the support of Mr. Somerville for three years, was an Englishman and an Episcopalian; nevertheless, he not only gave two pounds annually for three years, in terms of his subscription, but increased his gift to four pounds, which he continued up to 1811. He also gave £10 for removing the church debt in 1810. He was a merchant of the firm of McTavish, McGillivray & Company, as it was constituted in 1806, after the retirement of the Frobishers, and the death of Simon McTavish. His daughter was married to the late Venerable Dean Bethune, of Montreal, and his son, James, was a member of the Montreal Bar.

Andrew Patterson, subscribing one pound, was a member of the firm of "Gillespie, Moffat and Company," or rather of the firm which preceded it, the style of which varied at different times. He was the uncle of A. T. Patterson, the present head of the house in Montreal. He removed to Quebec in 1815, and died there in or about the year 1860.

John Catanach, subscribing among others on this occasion, was a baker in the employ of William Logan, Sir William's father. He continued to have a connection with the Logan estate after the proprietor removed to Scotland, and was evidently regarded with confidence and affection by Sir William, as we find references to him in the correspondence of the great Geologist. No pew stood in his name on the church books, but he contributed liberally to the funds every year up to 1814, at which date the "individual subscribers" ceased to be noted. He died 8th July, 1816.

F. Gonnerman was an old citizen of German origin. He signed the address to the Bishop of Nova Scotia in 1789; but appears to have cast his lot in with the Presbyterians, after they were fully organized. He was a tavern keeper and dealer in fuel, and for some time supplied the St. Gabriel Street Church with wood.

William Stewart, who subscribed £1 2s. 6d. on this occasion, was a nephew of William Stewart, the original Trustee. He was a merchant, and came under obligation to pay Mr. Somerville a guinea annually for three years. In 1804, he acquired pew 92, and a year or two afterwards also No. 93, which he retained till 1813, having Robert Hunter, a ship-carpenter, who was for several years Precentor in the church, for fellow-occupant.

William Skakel, tailor, and George Skakel, cooper, were brothers who subscribed to Mr. Somerville's stipend. William died, 31st December, 1807. George owned pew 48, as long as the proprietorship of individual pews can be traced.

CHAPTER XVI.

THE NEW ENGLANDERS CONNECTED WITH ST. GABRIEL STREET CHURCH,-THE BAGGS, ELIJAH BROWN, JOSEPH CHAPMAN, JAMES CHARLTON-THE DEWITTS, HORATIO Gates, BezaLIEL GRAY, THOMAS FINGLAND, LABAN FOLGER, JONATHAN HAGAR, THE HALLS, THOMAS HARRIS, JONATHAN HART, SAMUEL HEDGE, JOSHUA HENSHAW, HORACE HIBBARD, THE LYMANS, URIAH MITCHAM, NAHUM MOWER, SIMON MYERS, ZENAS NASH, DAVID NELSON, MOSES NORTHROPP, J. W. NORTHUP, JONATHAN PARKINS, CORNELIUS PECK, NATHAN PIERCE, ABNER RICE, M. SAVAGE, ISAAC SHAY, ROBERT STREET, NATHAN STRONG, ZABDIEL THAYER, SIMON THOMSON, BENJAMIN THROOP, DANIEL E. TYLEE, THE WADSWORTHS, THE WAITS, THE WHITNEYS AND JOSIAH WINNANTS-THE WAR OF 1812 AFFECTS THEM-ITEMS CONNECTED WITH THE VICTORY OF WATERLOO, 1815-BAPTISM OF NEGRO SLAVES AND SCOTCH-INDIAN HALF-BREEDS— OTHER MEMBERS BELONGING TO THIS PERIOD, GEORGE GILLESPIE, ROBT. GILLESPIE, THE ARMOURS, JOHN FLEMING, JAMES ELLICE CAMPBELL, WILLIAM BLACKWOOD, HUGH BRODIE, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL WILLIAM MACKAY, ARCHIBALD NORMAN MCLEOD, JOHN MACDONALD AND JAMES BROWN.

One of the most interesting features of Montreal, at the beginning of this century, was the large New England element of its population. A most valuable element it was, as well as a picturesque one. Many of these people were political refugees, who though their fathers had left England to seek "a faith's pure shrine—freedom to worship God," yet were bound to the old land by many endearing ties, which they could not bear to have entirely sundered. Others again, though republicans, saw a fine opening in this city for trade or for the practice of their craft, and so chose it as their home. Montreal is greatly indebted to this infusion of vigorous life drawn from the old Puritan stock. The skilled mechanics, who ministered

to the comfort of the inhabitants, and helped to build up the city, 75 or 100 years ago, were mainly drawn from across the line 45°. Naturally shrewd, they were also frugal and industrious, and presented a striking contrast to their neighbours, the fur traders, whose gains accumulated rapidly, and who, in consequence, lived luxuriously and spent freely. The thrifty tradesmen, like the snail of the fable in its race with the hare, won in the end. The wealth of the merchants filtered by degrees through the community, until at last it reached the safe pockets of the "Yankees." They thus proved a "salt" to the city— they saved it from the effects of an unhealthy, overstimu lated social life. The Puritan leaven which those prudent, thoughtful, sagacious New Englanders brought over with them to Montreal has not ceased to be felt even yet in our religious and social life. Their motto was, "Diligent in business, fervent in spirit, serving the Lord "— and they were most useful citizens: wide awake in all respects, they introduced the best methods of doing business into the community.

A few of them became prominent as merchants, but for the most part, they plied the various kinds of handicraft which the necessities of the time and place demanded. I take it that the following were from New England, although I do not vouch for the absolute accuracy of the list :—

Abner and Phineas Bagg, brothers, who owned property at the Mile-End, and advertized pasturage for sale—Joseph Bigelow, a nailer, whose wife was Sally Higgins—Elijah Brown—Joseph Chapman, tailor—James Charlton, hatter —Jabez and Jacob DeWitt, hatters—Horatio Gates and his nephew, Nathaniel Jones, merchants—Bezaliel Gray and Juditha, his wife—Thomas Fingland, trader—Laban Folger—Jonathan Hagar, shoemaker—Joseph and Jacob Hall, hatters, and Benjamin Hall, their brother—Nahum

Hall, biscuit-baker, and inspector of flour, 1819—Thomas Harris—Jonathan Hart—Samuel Hedge, blacksmith,afterwards hardware merchant—Joshua Henshaw, dry goods— Horace Hibbard—The Lyman brothers, Lewis and Micah Jones, druggists, and Elisha, Hotel-keeper—U. Mitcham and Hannah Peltry, his wife—Nahum Mower, printer— Simon Myers—Zenas Nash—David Nelson, saddler, whose son Horatio Alexander was baptized by Mr. Somerville in 1806—Moses Northropp, hatter—J. W. Northup, Hephzibah Thurston, his wife, and their son, Asenath—Samuel Park, cabinet-maker, owned pew No. 10—Jonathan Parkins—Cornelius Peck, carpenter, inn-keeper and stage proprietor, married to Maria Hall—Nathan Pierce—Abner Rice, physician—M. Savage, corset, pelisse and mantua maker—Isaac Shay, carpenter-Robert Street, tailor— Nathan Strong, bricklayer, and Sally Westover, his wife— Zabdiel Thayer, crockery merchant, and Abigail Curtis his wife—Simon Thomson—Benjamin Throop, grocer—Daniel E. Tylee, tea merchant — James Wadsworth and brother, druggists—Resolu and Seth Wait—Barnabas and Benjamin Whitney, the latter a writing master—Josiah Win

nants.

The quaint names in the above list, most of them taken from the scriptures, help to identify the families as of New England origin. The surnames, again, correspond in not a few instances to those of honoured and prominent citizens of to-day, who owe probably much of their prosperity to the skill, prudence, thrift and, above all, the high principles of their Puritan progenitors.

All those whom I have mentioned are found in the old Registers of St. Gabriel Street Church, in one connection or another. Some of them joined the St. Peter Street Church, after it was started, and ultimately were incorporated in the American Presbyterian Church; but many of the families continued connected with the Scotch