half-time leave from the University of Pittsburgh and is working with Dr. Thurstone, Mr. L. C. Toops, of the University of Ohio, and Dr. J. Crosbey Chapman, who is in charge of the Pittsburgh station of this Trade Test Standardization Committee. The purpose of these standardized trade tests is not to discover which trade or occupation a soldier should be trained to follow. It is rather to measure the degree of trade skill which his industrial experience has already given him. The question is not one of "guidance" but of assignment of men to those duties of a technical sort which their civilian occupations have already equipped them to follow to advantage in the Army. Oral and performance tests of carpenters, pattern makers, vulcanizers, automobile engine repairmen, truck drivers, electricians, etc., have been developed, standardized and introduced into Army procedure. Tests for skill in more than a hundred other trades of importance in a modern army remain to be developed and standardized. About twenty mechanical engineers, civil service experts, employment managers and psychologists are engaged in the preparation and standardization of these trade tests, working under the immediate supervision of Dr. Ruml, at Newark, New Jersey, and under the more general direction of Dr. Bingham who is executive secretary of the Committee on Classification of Personnel in the Army, with headquarters in the office of the Adjutant General at Washington. Installation of the trade tests in the Army camps is in charge of Mr. E. M. Hopkins, employment director of the General Electric Company.

PRESENTATION OF THE EDISON MEDAL ACCORDING to the account in the Electrical World a large audience, gathered in the Engineering Societies Building, New York, at the annual meeting of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers on May 17, witnessed the presentation of the eighth Edison medal to Colonel John J. Carty of the United States Army Signal Corps, chief engineer of the American Telephone & Telegraph Company. The award of the medal to Colonel Carty for

his work in the science and art of telephone engineering has already been announced in SCIENCE. Those to whom the medal has been awarded in previous years are Elihu Thomson, Frank J. Sprague, George Westinghouse, William Stanley, Charles F. Brush, Alexander Graham Bell and Nikola Tesla.

66

Dr. A. E. Kennelly, professor of electrical engineering at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told of the history and significance of the medal. Dr. Michael I. Pupin of Columbia University said: Carty's life is filled with romance. He never went to college. At the age of eighteen, when other boys entered college, he entered the service of the American Bell Telephone Company and at the age of twenty-eight became chief engineer of the great New York Telephone Company." E. W. Rice, Jr., president of the Institute, made the formal presentation of the medal. In accepting the medal Colonel Carty gave credit for the American telephone achievements to the engineers who have been associated with him in the Bell system and paid a tribute to Major-General George O. Squier, chief signal officer of the United States Army.

The newly elected Institute officers, who serve during the administrative year beginning on August 1, 1918, were the directors' nominees, as follows:

President-Professor Comfort A. Adams, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.

Vice-presidents-Allen H. Babcock, San Francisco; William B. Jackson, Chicago; Raymond S. Kelsch, Montreal; F. B. Jewett, New York; Harold Pender, Philadelphia; John B. Taylor, Schenectady, N. Y.

Managers-G. Faccioli, Pittsfield, Mass.; Frank D. Newbury, Pittsburgh; Walter I. Slichter, New York.

Treasurer-George A. Hamilton, Elizabeth, N. J.

SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS

AT the ninety-fourth annual commencement of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, the degree of doctor of engineering was given to Lieutenant Colonel Henry W. Hodge, U. S. engineer, manager of roads, American Expe

ditionary Force in France; to Alexander C. Humphreys, president of the Stevens Institute of Technology; to Edwin W. Rice, Jr., president of the General Electric Co.; to William Hubert Burr, professor emeritus of Columbia University, and to Onward Bates, of Chicago. The degree of master of civil engineering was conferred on Francis E. House, president of the Duluth & Iron Range Railroad.

AT the commencement of Colgate University the honorary degree of doctor of science was conferred on Professor Clarence A. Martin, dean of the college of architecture of Cornell University.

HARRY LEE HUBER, formerly pathologist in the University of Chicago, was awarded the Ricketts Prize on May 2, on account of his research work to determine new methods of treating tuberculosis. The prize consists of the income of $5,000 and is given in memory of the late Dr. Howard Taylor Ricketts.

MR. F. E. KEMPTON, who receives his doctorate in plant pathology at the University of Illinois, this spring, has been appointed as pathologist to the Porto Rican Agricultural Experiment Station. He will leave for Porto Rico at once, where his address will be Mayagüez.

PROFESSOR JAMES H. BONNER, of the faculty of the school of forestry at the State University of Montana, has completed his training at Camp Lee, Virginia, where he received a commission as captain in the engineering

corps.

MR. JOHN H. CARD, teacher of chemistry at the high school, Brockton, Mass., has joined the Chemical Service Section of the National Army. He has been assigned to the offensive research investigations at the American University Experiment Station, Washington, D. C.

DR. BENJAMIN T. TERRY has resigned his place as director of the Brooklyn laboratories of pathology of the Charities Department. He is reported to have said that he was not a politician, but a teacher, and conditions had become such that he thought it better to resign.

IRA A. WILLIAMS, formerly with the Iowa Geological Survey, and for the past five years ceramist and geologist for the Oregon Bureau of Mines and Geology, has asked to be relieved from his duties in connection with the bureau for the present field season in order to take charge of the development of large ranch interests in the Sacramento valley of California. Mr. Williams also relinquishes the professorship of ceramic engineering in the Oregon School of Mines at Corvallis at the close of the present college year.

PROFESSOR C. H. EIGENMANN, of Indiana University, has resigned as curator of ichthyology in the Carnegie Museum, the resignation to take effect on June 1.

PROFESSOR ERNEST HAECKEL, the distinguished German zoologist and exponent of the Darwinian theory, is reported by the German newspapers to be in failing health. On his eighty-fourth birthday, he is said to have sent to his friends an engraved birthday card, bidding them farewell.

THE University of Pennsylvania Museum has dispatched an expedition to South America under the leadership of Mr. Theodoor de Booy, assistant curator in the American Section of the museum, to explore the Sierra Pareja range of mountains in Venezuela not far from Lake Maracaibo. This high range of mountains which juts into Colombia is unexplored and the character of its natives unknown.

THE station at Green River, Wyoming, for the observation of the total eclipse of June 8 by the party from the Yerkes Observatory, University of Chicago, has been named “Camp Charles A. Young," in honor of the eminent American spectroscopist of solar eclipses. The program of observations to be undertaken includes: Direct photography of the corona with 60-foot coelostat and with 12-inch equatorial telescopes: spectroscopic investigation of the flash spectrum, in the infra-red with a small concave grating, and in the violet with camera using a "movie" film for quick succession exposures; photography of the coronal spectrum with prismatic cameras and with a slit-spectro

scope; photometric work both visual and photographic; a photographic record of the successive stages of the eclipse with a "movie" machine provided with a "Euryscope" doublet lens of 25 inches focal length. The scientific staff at the station on May 20, were Messrs. Frost, Barnard, Parkhurst, Barrett and Miss Calvert. By June 3, others participating in the work will include Miss Lowater, of Wellesley College, Miss Wickham, Mrs. Parkhurst and Mr. Blakslee, of Yerkes Observatory. Dr. George S. Isham, of Chicago, and Professor C. C. Crump, of Ohio Wesleyan University and L. A. H. Warren, of Winnipeg. Weather conditions are now promising fairly at the station. The station from the Mount Wilson Solar Observatory is being established about a thousand feet from Camp Charles A. Young, which is situated under the buttes at the outskirts of the town of Green River on the main line of the Union Pacific Railroad.

FREDERICK REMSEN HUTTON, honorary secretary of the United Engineering Society and long dean of the faculty of engineering at Columbia University, has died in his sixty-fifth year.

ALONZO COLLIN, Sc.D., died in his eightysecond year on April 16. Dr. Collin was a graduate of Wesleyan University in 1858, and served Cornell College from 1860 until 1906, when he was made professor emeritus, retiring upon the Carnegie Foundation. His first chair was that of the natural sciences and later physics.

THE seventh lecture of the series on science in relation to the war was delivered at a joint meeting of the Washington Academy of Sciences and the Chemical Society on May 15, by Dr. Arthur A. Noyes, professor of theoretical chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and chairman of the Nitrate Committee. The subject of the lecture was The nitrogen problem in relation to the war."

A SPECIAL meeting of the Engineering Foundation was held on May 28 in the auditorium of the Engineering Societies Building in New York. Dr. George E. Hale addressed the meeting on the "National Research Council."

The foundation is composed of representatives of the national societies of Civil, Mining, Mechanical and Electrical Engineers.

PROFESSOR COMFORT A. ADAMS, president of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, and professor of electrical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, was the main speaker at the annual meeting and dinner of the Schenectady Section of the institute on May 24.

THE address of Mr. William H. Babcock as retiring president of the Anthropological Society of Washington was delivered on April 23 and entitled "Some ethnological and national factors in the present war."

PROFESSOR ROBERT M. OGDEN, of Cornell University, delivered the commencement address at the University of Tennessee on May 29.

PROFESSOR WILLIAM T. SEDGWICK, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, delivered the commencement address at the Boston School of Physical Education on May 23.

THE annual spring meeting of the Eastern Association of Physics Teachers was held in the Salisbury laboratories of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute on May 25. Among the speakers at the meeting were Dr. Samuel J. Plimpton, instructor in physics, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Clarence D. Kingsley, of the State Board of Education, and Dr. Gordon Webster, professor of physics at Clark University and a member of the Naval Consulting Board.

THE thirty-fifth annual meeting of the American Climatological and Clinical Association will be held in Boston on June 5 and 6, under the presidency of Captain J. Elliott, C.A.M.C., Toronto, Ont. The session of the association will be held at the Boston Medical Library, the Fenway.

THE annual joint conference of the United States Public Health Service with state and territorial health officers, will be held in Washington, June 3 and 4. The Journal of the American Medical Association states that the sanitation of extracantonment areas will be one of the chief subjects on the program. Reports will be made as to the success of the

cooperative arrangement developed during the past year for preventing the interchange of disease between civil and military populations. Among the subjects to be discussed are the relation to public health of industrial hygiene and sanitation, especially in war industries; the care of the health of tuberculous soldiers on their return to civil life; the use of records of drafted men for public health purposes; effects on the public health of the forthcoming shortage in the medical profession. Among the subjects not so closely related to the war are: the securing of better morbidity reports, and the question of pure water supplies for railroads. There will be reports of standing committees in regard to many of the subjects outlined above and in regard to the sanitation of public conveyances, rural sanitation, and increasing the efficiency of the conferences. The sessions will constitute the sixteenth annual conference of state and territorial health authorities with the United States Public Health Service.

THE Paris Academy of Sciences has formed a new division for applied science which is to consist of six members.

SIMMONS COLLEGE announces the graduation in May and June of specially trained women to serve as secretaries in hospitals and dispensaries, or to private physicians. Their training includes all the technical secretarial work and in addition a knowledge of medical terms, scientific German and general and special science as applied in the diagnostic laboratory.

THE American Association of Clinical Psychologists was organized at Pittsburgh on December 28, 1917. The membership includes persons holding the doctorate in psychology, who are engaged in the clinical practise of psychology in the United States. The fortyfive charter members are chiefly directors of clinics, of bureaus of child welfare, of institutional laboratories; engaged in army service, as mental examiners of recruits and officers; or connected with courts, hospitals and schools. The objects of the association are to promote an esprit de corps among psychologists who

have entered the practical field, to provide media for the communication of ideas, to aid in establishing definite standards of professional fitness for the practise of psychology and to encourage research in problems relating to mental hygiene and corrective education.

THE biological station of the University of Michigan will hold its tenth session this summer during the eight weeks from July 1 to August 23, inclusive. This station is situated on the shores of Douglas Lake in the northern part of the southern peninsula of Michigan, about equidistant from Petoskey, Mackinaw City and Cheboygan. The personnel of the teaching staff is as follows: In zoology, George R. La Rue, of the University of Michigan, Max M. Ellis, of the University of Colorado, and I'aul S. Welch, of the Kansas State Agricultural College in botany, Henry Allan Gleason and John H. Ehlers, of the University of Michigan, and Frank C. Gates, of Carthage College. Roland F. Hussey and Glenwood C. Roe will serve as assistants in zoology, and Mrs. Max M. Ellis will be dean of women. The courses offered deal with the natural history, classification and ecology of plants and animals and are of necessity given almost entirely in the field. Opportunity for investigation is offered to a limited number of investigators upon the payment of very nominal fees. For further information regarding the station and the possibilities for biological work offered there make inquiry of George R. La Rue, director, Ann Arbor, Michigan.

The Scottish Geographical Magazine states that a curious minor effect of the war is the possible recrudescence of indigenous malaria in England, to which attention is called in a circular issued by the Local Government Board. It is well known that anopheline mosquitoes are found in various parts of England. Numbers of men who have contracted malaria during the course of the fighting on the eastern fronts have returned home, and as their blood contains the malarial parasite, and the carriers exist in this country, these men may serve as foci of infection for the civilian population. Some cases of indigenous malaria have been already recorded in England, which probably

originated in this way, and the board is making inquires as to the local prevalence of the carrier mosquitoes, and taking other precautions in regard to the disease.

UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL
NEWS

THE University of Illinois college of medicine announces that, beginning with June 3, it will operate on the quadrimester system. In this system there will be three terms of four months each per calendar year. The courses will be so arranged that it will be possible for a student to enter the school at the beginning of any one of the three terms.

AFTER September of this year at Columbia University the doctorate of medicine of the medical school will be conferred only upon men who have had, in addition to four years at the medical school, one full year of service at a hospital under faculty supervision.

DR. WILLARD J. FISHER, at present honorary fellow in physics at Clark University and lecturer in physics at Worcester Polytechnic Institute, goes to Manila as assistant professor in physics at the University of the Philippines, with duties to begin about July first.

MR. KIRTLEY F. MATHER has resigned his position at Queen's University and has accepted the professorship of geology at Denison University, Granville, Ohio.

DR. FRANCIS M. VAN TUYL, assistant professor of geology and mineralogy in the Colorado School of Mines, has been promoted to an associate professorship.

DAVID D. LEIB has been promoted from associate professor to a full professor of mathematics in Connecticut College, New London.

DR. GEORGE A. BAITSELL, instructor in biology in Yale College, was appointed an assistant professor of biology at the March meeting of the Yale Corporation.

MR. WALTER S. BEACH, who will take his doctorate with his thesis in plant pathology this coming commencement, at the University of Illinois, has been appointed as instructor for plant pathological research in the Pennsylvania State College. He will have charge of a separate laboratory located near Philadelphia and is to take up his work at once.

It is significant that the article published by Professor McCollum and Nina Simmonds as coming from the Laboratory of Agricultural Chemistry of the University of Wisconsin and to which Professor Hart referred as not indicating proper authorship, was published without the legend "Published with the permission of the Director of the Wisconsin Experiment Station." All publications coming from this station are required to have this official stamp of approval. That the authors complied with this regulation for years and violated it in this and two other recent contributions, is truly significant.

It is also significant that the said authors have not given proper credit to this institution for work done by them at Wisconsin. There has appeared in the February, 1918, number of the Journal of Biological Chemistry an article purporting to come as a contribution by E. V. McCollum and N. Simmonds from the Laboratory of Biochemistry of the School of Hygiene and Public Health of the Johns Hopkins University. The article was received for publication December 26, 1917, only twentyfive weeks after the authors, E. V. McCollum and N. Simmonds, had severed their official connection with the University of Wisconsin, yet in this article there were published as bona fide new contributions thirteen growth curves of rats extending over periods of twenty-eight