The Politics of Preference: Democratic Institutions and Affirmative Action in the United States and IndiaUniversity of Michigan Press, 1997 M01 27 - 230 páginas Sunita Parikh examines the history and fate of affirmative action programs in two ethnically heterogeneous democracies, the United States and India. Affirmative action programs in the United States represent a controversial policy about which the American public feel at best ambivalence and at worst hostility, while in India the expansion of reservation policies in recent years has led to riots and contributed to the fall of governments. And yet these policies were not particularly controversial when they were introduced. How the policy traveled from these auspicious beginnings to its current predicament can best be understood, according to Parikh, by exploring the changing political conditions under which it was introduced, expanded, and then challenged. Although they are in many respects very different countries, India and the United States are important countries in which to study the implementation of ascriptive policies like affirmative action, according to Parikh. They are both large, heterogeneous societies with democratic political systems in which previously excluded groups were granted benefits by the majorities that had historically oppressed them. Parikh argues that these policies were the product of democratic politics--which required political parties to mobilize existing groups as voters--and the ethnically heterogeneous nature of Indian and U.S. society--where ethnic markers are particularly salient sources of identification as groups. Affirmative action in both countries was introduced because it could be used to solidify and expand electoral coalitions by giving benefits to defined minority groups, according to Parikh. As the policy became better known, it became more disliked by non-targeted groups, and it was no longer an appeal which was cost free for politicians. This book will be of interest to social scientists concerned with race and ethnic relations and with the comparative study of political and social systems. Sunita Parikh is Assistant Professor of Political Science, Columbia University. |
Contenido
Chapter | 1 |
Affirmative Action under Carter Reagan | 121 |
Early Reservation Policy Development in India | 145 |
Reservation Policies under Party Competition | 169 |
Conclusion | 193 |
Notes | 209 |
Bibliography | 215 |
227 | |
Otras ediciones - Ver todas
The Politics of Preference: Democratic Institutions and Affirmative Action ... Sunita Parikh Vista previa limitada - 1997 |
The Politics of Preference: Democratic Institutions and Affirmative Action ... Sunita Parikh Vista previa limitada - 2010 |
The Politics of Preference: Democratic Institutions and Affirmative Action ... Sunita Parikh Vista de fragmentos - 1997 |
Términos y frases comunes
able actors administration affirmative action affirmative-action policy African-Americans Ahmedabad amendment American appeal ascriptive backward classes Bangalore bill blacks Brahmins British choice Civil Rights Act civil-rights cloture coalition colonial Commission Committee comparative historical analysis compromise Congress party Congress-I constitution context CQ Almanac cultural debate decision democratic discrimination dominant economic EEOC election elites employment enforcement equality expanded federal FEPC Gandhi goals groups Gujarat Hindu implementation important incentives India Indian National Congress Indira Gandhi individual institutions interests issue Janata Karnataka Labor leaders legislation liberal Lingayats low-caste major Mandal Commission ment minority models Muslims Nixon non-Brahmins nondiscrimination OBCs OFCC PCEEO percent Philadelphia Plan policy development policy outcomes politicians Poona Pact position preferences president programs rational-choice Reagan Republican reservation policies reserved seats scheduled castes Senate separate electorates social society Solanki southern specific status quo strategies Supreme Court targeted tion United untouchables V. P. Singh veto Vokkaligas Wirtz
Referencias a este libro
Color Lines: Affirmative Action, Immigration, and Civil Rights Options for ... John D. Skrentny Vista previa limitada - 2001 |
Affirmative Action in the United States and India: A Comparative Perspective Thomas E Weisskopf Sin vista previa disponible - 2004 |