dic, suffocative cough from tickling in the throat, with expectoration only during the day of profuse, yellowish-green pus, or of tough, milky, acid mucus, at times of pale frothy blood, generally tasting greasy, and offensive smelling; hoarseness, with roughness and soreness of the larynx; dyspnoea when at rest, when lying on the back; suffocative cough at night; deep sighing and breathing.

SPONGIA-TOSTA.-It affects chiefly the laryngo-tracheal mucous membrane, and its influence becomes weaker as it descends into the chest. In the spongia croup the stridulous breathing and barking cough results from the inspiratory effort (Aconite-expiration); cough dry and sibilant, sounding like a saw driven through a pine board; great dryness of the larynx with hoarse, hollow, wheezing cough; difficult respiration as from a plug in the larynx, relieved by bending the body forward; sensitiveness of the larynx to the touch and when turning the neck; hoarseness with cough and coryza; cough wheezing, asthmatic, dry; relieved by eating and drinking; acute bronchitis, with profuse secretion of mucus in the bronchi, with expectoration of yellowish or white mucus, and great dyspnoea; all symptoms aggravated by lying with the head low or by the room getting too warm; aphonia after tracheotomy.

STANNUM.—Phthisis laryngea and pulmonum Hoarseness and roughness of the larynx; accumulation of the great quantities of mucus in the trachea easily thrown up by coughing; cough during the day with copious, greenish, salty expectoration; in the morning the expectoration is not profuse; after expectoration great soreness or stitches in the chest; cough caused by talking, singing, laughing, from lying on the right side, from drinking anything warm; oppressed breathing and want of breath from every movement, also when lying down, or in the evening.

STICTA-PULMONARIA.-Influenza with all its symptoms; cough during and after measles. Excessive dryness of the nasal mucous membrane, which becomes painful; the secretions are so quickly dried, that they are discharged with great efforts, as hard as scabs; dry and hacking cough from tick

ling in the larynx, with oppression of the lungs, causing a feeling of a hard mass collected there; incessant cough at night, with comparative freedom from cough during daytime.

SULPHUR affects the external and the internal skin; burning, with itching, and mucous discharge, are its characteristic symptoms. Suppressed choking cough; much rattling of mucus in the lungs; the cough loose in the morning; she feels suffocated, wants the doors and windows open; weakness in the chest in the evening, while lying down; sore throat with great burning and dryness; soreness begins on the right side and goes to the left; hoarseness and roughness in the throat, with much mucus in the chest; deep rough voice; aphony; dry cough night and day, with spasmodic constriction of the chest ; short dry cough with stitches in the chest, or in the left shoulder-blade; when coughing, pain in head and abdomen; dyspnoea, shortness of breath and oppression of breathing on bending the arms backwards.

THERIDION-CURASSAVICUM.-Indispensable in phthisis florida in the beginning of the disease; violent stitches up high in the chest beneath the left shoulder, even in the throat; night cough, increased inclination to take deep respiration, to sigh.

THUJA-OCCIDENTALIS. The great antisycotic changes a naturally mild secretion to one of an acrid, corroding quality. Shortness of breath from mucus in the trachea; the expectoration tastes like old cheese; sensation as of a skin in the larynx; during the evening cough after lying down, with loose expectoration, easier when he turns from the left to the right side; cough as soon as one eats.

VERATRUM-ALBUM.-Every coughing spell is followed by great exhaustion, with cold sweat on the forehead, vomiting and blue fæces; worse from 4 to 5 A. M., and when entering a warm room; suffocative attacks, caused by a constriction in the larynx or in the chest; cold breath; deep hollow cough as from the abdomen, with cutting pain in the stomach; expectoration yellow, tough, bitter or salt only during the day; dry cough from tickling in lower bronchi; hoarseness.

VERATRUM-VIRIDE.-Cough with high fever, oppression of the chest, scanty bloody expectoration (in the first stages of pneumo

nia); cough and vomiting of tough viscid mucus; spasmodic cough from spinal congestion or cerebral irritation with

spasms.

ZINCUM-MET.-The greatest tonic of the nervous system; suffocative cough with roughness and dryness of the throat and fauces; dry cough with violent stitches in the head and chest; discharge of blood during dry cough, with burning and sore pain in the chest, morning and evening; spasmodic cough, during which the children put their hands to the genitals when they cough; spasmodic cough in persons with varices on the lower extremities, which are disposed to burst and bleed; troublesome cough, as soon as he brings something up he feels relieved; thick purulent expectoration when coughing, day and night.

ZIZEA-AUREA.-Dry cough with stitches in the chest, a bruised feeling in the muscles of the chest; dyspnoea; worse in the evening and night.

ARTICLE II.—Experimental Researches on the Physiological Action of Eserine.

BY DRS. LEVEN AND LABORDE.

From "Bulletin de la S. M. H., de Paris," March, 1870.

Eserine is the crystallizable principle of the seed of the Calabar bean (Physostigma-venenosum), an alkaloid discovered and studied for the first time in 1865, by Dr. Veé ; the result of his experiments showed a perfect analogy between the action of Eserine and that of the extract of the Calabar bean. Leven and Laborde arrived at the following results:

Eserine administered to inferior animals, as, e. g., to frogs, produces the following phenomena: a state of paresis, affecting especially the hind-quarters; contraction and extreme diminution of the pupils; sensibility and reflex power is maintained, but in a diminished degree; integrity of nervous mobility and of muscular contractility, manifesting itself

spontaneously by peculiar fibrillary tremulations; persistence of the beats of the heart, only modified in regularity and numbers; the characteristic excitability of the spinal marrow is preserved.

A centigramme (about 15 gr.) of Eserine, dissolved in a small quantity of water mixed with a few drops of acetic acid, was injected in the skin of the groin of a vigorous young dog. About six minutes after the injection the dog became dull, uttered some plaintive cries, looked for a dark place and lay down behind a stone. He yawned repeatedly, put his tongue out, and carried his paws to his mouth, as if he wished to remove some foreign substance from the buccal cavity. The hair and the skin become now distinctly agitated as if by light chills; which soon become general and increase in intensity, till a full trembling continues to affect the whole body, the four extremities and the head. The animal soon squats down on his hind-quarters, then on his four paws, and it seems he cannot move any more. In fact, when irritated, he cannot change his location. Spontaneous movements take place, and it seems that the impossibility to move is particularly due to the continual state of trembling, which seizes the whole body of the animal and which keeps it in a perpetual and irresistible trembling. Respiration becomes more and more difficult. The motions of the sides are a sort of jerking and evidently participate in the general trembling, which has seized equally the muscles of the thorax as well as the diaphragm, if we may judge from the constriction existing in the diaphragmatic region. Asphyctic phenomena make now rapid progress, showing themselves by steadily increasing dyspnoea, by swelling and drawing out of the tongue, whose muscles are in a continual fibrillary tremulation, and by the continual drivelling of abundant gluey froth. The trembling of the head, which was kept in a bending position, gives way to a striking of the chin on the floor, the teeth chatter, so that they keep up a continual noise.

The pupil, attentively observed during all the periods of intoxication, offers the following observations:

1. In the beginning it shows immediately an abnormal

very manifest dilatation, but contraction soon succeeds the dilatation, then the dilatation shows itself anew, and both states alternate for some time; it seems as if the muscles of the pupil participate in the trembling, by which all other points of the body are affected—a trembling which seems to constitute the principal phenomenon of the physiological action of Eserine.

2. At an advanced period, and which may be called the real state of the case, the contraction prevails more and more, and establishes itself permanently in an extreme degree.

3. The pupil dilates again after the animal has perished. Experiments at different times and in different parts showed sensibility well preserved, even nearly up to the period of asphyxia. The persistence of the reflex action is retained to the last, showing itself by increased trembling in the excited extremity or by energetic winking, when the cornea is touched. A few minutes before death, about half an hour after the operation, the trembling leaves the hind-quarter and fixes itself more in the chest and head, and localizes itself in the latter up to the last breath.

Autopsy, immediately performed, shows the lungs highly congested and studded on the pleural surface with a great many wine-colored spots; large emphysematous bullæ exist on their sharp borders, and the bronchial tubes are full of a frothy fluid. The swollen heart is soft to the touch; the tissue black and, as if congested, is in fact infiltrated with large quantities of black blood, which, after incision, runs out under pressure as from a sponge. The right ventricle contains a diffluent clot, the other cavities only a little fluid blood. In the abdominal cavity we find the small intestines in a state of contraction, showing in places circular constrictions, or, if ligatures had been put on, producing knots. The large intestine, on the contrary, is very distended and full of fæcal matter, which appears to have accumulated under the influence of peristaltic motions continually developed under the action of the poison (the animal had two stools during the experiment; constant rumbling was heard in its bowels, and one could see through the abdominal walls the contrac