Amalasontha, Queen of the Goths, i.
48, her character and death, 181,
182.

Ameria, city of, restored by Leo IV.
ii. 86.

Anaclete, antipope, iii. 127.
Anagni, city of. i. 134, twelve stars of,
ibid.; visited by Pope Innocent III.
iii. 204, by Gregory IX. 228, by
Boniface VIII. 266, outrage at,
punished, 328.

Anastasius, antipope, his usurpation,
ii. 91, his expulsion, 95.
Anastasius, Bibliothecarius, ii. 111,
223.

Anastasius, Pope, i. 366, 378.
Anastasius III. Pope, ii. 282.
Anastasius IV. Pope, ii. 259.
Ancona, its defence against Frederic
and the Venetians, iii. 49, occupied
by the French under Louis Phi-
lippe, 611, surrendered to the in-
surgents, 619, occupied by the
Austrians, 622.

Andrea di Pisa, sculptor, his gates of

the baptistery at Florence, iii. 315.
Angelita, his description of the sce-
nery around Recanati, i. 20, 22.
Anguillara, Count, his coronation of
Petrarch, iii. 387.
Anguillara, decay of, i. 76.
Anio River, valley of the, i. 147.
Annibaldi, family of, ii. 308.
Annon, archbishop of Cologne, ii.
454, 459.

Anselm (St.) his labours, ii. 163, 565.
Antium, ancient city of, i. 107.
Antrodoco, pass of, i. 27, 30.
Appenines of Central Italy, their sce-
nery described, i. 13, 132.
Apulia, province of, ii. 134.
Aqua Paulina, iii. 482.
Aquapendente, city of, i. 46.
Aqua Ceretanæ, mineral waters, so
called, i. 83.

Aqueducts in the Papal States, i. 76,
92, 149, 161; ii. 55, restored by
Sixtus V.; iii. 466.
Arcadius, Emperor, i. 265.
Ardea, city of, i. 87.

Ardericus, archbishop of Milan, at-

tempt at his assassination, ii. 239.
Aremutiæ, city of, i. 79.

Arezzo, death of St. Gregory X. at,
iii. 257.

Arialdus (St.) canonization of, ii. 461.
Aricia, ancient city of, i. 89.
Ariminum, built by the Umbri, i. 14,
garrisoned by the Romans, 16, now
called Rimini, 17.

Aripert, king, restored the patrimo-

nies of the Church of Rome, i. 199.
Arnald of Brescia, his envoys to the
Emperor Barbarossa iii. 12, me-
moir of, 68, character of his disci-
ples, 76, bis success with the in-
ferior clergy, 79; his arguments,
80, comparison between him and
Mazzini, 71, 82, his banishment,
84, his imprisonment, 85, his
death, 86, considerations on his
death, 89, compared with Rienzi,
96.

Arnolfo, architect, his buildings in
Florence, iii. 314.

Arnulph, emperor, ii. 227.
Arone, river, i. 82, 84.

Arsenius, bishop of Eugubium, ii. 91.
Arx Carventana, fortress of, i. 130.
Ascoli, the capital of Picenum, i. 18.
Assisi, visited by Gregory IX. iii.
228, threatened by Rome, 233.
Astolfus, king of the Lombards, i.
306.

Astura, promontory of, i. 109.
Athalaric, king of Rome, i. 181.
Athanasius, bishop of Naples, his al-
liance with the Saracens, ii. 201,
his excommunication, 203.
Aulus Quintilius, monument to, i.
138.

Austrians, defeat Murat, and drive
him out of the Papal States, iii.
573-576.

Avignon, residence of the pontiffs at,
iii. 370, seat of the Papacy removed
from, in 1377, 397.

Azelio, his party of Italian reformers
described, iii. 644, their culpabi-
lity, 648.

B

Baccano, scenery around, i. 76.
Bagnorea, city of, i. 51, the birth-
place of St. Bonaventure, iii. 321.
Baldwin II. emperor, his visit to
Florence, iii. 252.

Banco, city of, i. 142.
Barbarossa, Frederick, emperor, his de-
signs to enslave the papacy, iii. 3,
his interview with the jurists, 4, his
cruelty, 8, his interview with Pope
Hadrian, 10,his address to the Roman
envoys, 14, marriage with Beatrice,
duchess of Burgundy, 16, his quar-
rel with the Pope, 17, his insult to
the legates, 22, progress of his rup-
ture with the Holy See, 23, violence
of his emissaries in Rome, 28, his
decree convoking the Council of
Pavia, 31, his design to establish a
universal empire, 3, 33, his cruelties,
35, bis absolutism, 37, sends envoys
to Pope Alexander III. 38, the
Italians absolved from their allegi-
ance to, 40, his defeat at Lignano,
47, at Ancona, 49, his want of
success after being excommuni-
cated, 51, his negotiations with the
Pope, 59, his three antipopes, 61,
his absolution, 62, his interview
with Pope Alexander, 63, joins
the Crusade, 64, his death, ib. his
treatment of Arnald of Brescia,
86, his account of the battle at his
coronation, 98.

Baronius, Cardinal, character of, ii.
258, his labours, iii. 476.
Basciano, village of, i. 128.
Basville, a French agent killed at
Rome, iii. 540, 541.

Baths, use of,in the monasteries, ii. 162.
Beards, how worn by the antients,
ii. 142.

Beauvais, Vincent de, author of the
great Encyclopedia, iii. 306.
Belisarius, his wars with the Ostro-
goths, i. 182, 245, his return to
Rome, i. 343, 380.

Bellarmine, Cardinal, iii. 476.
Bembo, his letters to Raphael on the
ruins of Rome, iii. 443.
Benedict I. Pope, i. 384.
Benedict III. pope, his election, ii.
89, 96, his imprisonment, ii. 93,
his death, 100, decree of, 101.
Benedict IV. Pope, ii. 259, his vir
tues, 267.

Benedict V. Pope, ii. 317, 340.
Benedict VI. Pope, his assassination,
ii. 321,340.

Benedict VII. Pope, ii. 322, 340.
Benedict VIII. Pope, ii. 374, his power
and energy, 380, his victories over
the Saracens, ibid. 381, account
of a placitum held by him, 382, his
visit to St. Henry, 387

xiii

Benedict IX. Pope, his crimes, ii. 431,
his election, 432, his banishment,
432, his abdication, 434.
Benedict X. antipope, his election, ii.
448, his abdication, 450.
Benedict XI. Pope, his election, iii.

324, his early life, ibid. his address
to the Dominicans, 325, his beati-
fication, 327, his efforts for peace,
ibid. his retirement to Perugia, 330,
his interview with his mother, ibid.
his death from poison, 331, conse-
quences of it to Italy, ibid.
Benedict XIV. and the war of Velle-
tri, iii. 530, 533.

Benedict (St.) prophecy attributed
to him, i. 208, monastery of, near
Subiaco, 149.

Benevento, a dependency of the Pa-
pal See, iii. 240, visited by St.
Gregory X. 249.

Beneventum, duchy of, added to the
Papal States by Charlemagne, i.
307; its position, ii. 132, 134, the
heir of, a monk, 587, synod at,
627, interdict concerning, 648.
Benno, Cardinal, his hostility to
Pope Hildebrand, ii. 519.
Bentivogli, family of, ii. 308; iii.
360.

Benvenuti Cellini, shoots de Bourbon,
iii. 457, other exploits of, 459.
Berengarius of Ivrea, king, ii. 234.
Berenger, king, ii 226, 227, 230.
his death, 233, 361.

Bernard (St.) his character of Arnald
of Brescia, iii. 79, 88, visited by
Pope Eugenius III. 83.

Bernon (St.) founder of Clugni, ii.
350.

Bertha, queen, her character, ii. 531,
541.

Berthier, leads an "army of revenge"
against Rome, iii. 545, dethrones
the Pope, 546.

Bertinoro, castle of, iii. 179.
Bernard, St. his genius and learning,
ii. 343, 351.

Bieda, village of, i. 59, burned by
Desiderius, 267; visited by Gre-
gory IX. iii. 228.

Boii, a people of Gaul, subdued the
Etrurians in the North, i. 16, wars
with the Romans, 61.

Boleslas, king of Poland, his crime
and punishment, ii. 489.
Bologna, the ancient Felsina, i. 16,
garrisoned by the Romans, ib. an-
cient magnificence, 17; its privi-
leges, iii. 139, feuds in, 259, treaty

of peace concluded at, 261, erected
a statue to Boniface VIII. 266,
number of students at its univer-
sity, 315, its schools of law, 316.
Bolsena, city of, i. 49.
Bolsena, lake of, i. 47, 48.
Bonaventure (St.) his preaching in
Italian, iii. 305, his learning, 306,
315, his influence on the Italian
language, 321.
Boniface II. Pope, i. 379.
Boniface VI. Pope, ii. 227.
Boniface VIII. Pope, his zeal for the
promotion of peace, iii. 264, his
election, 265, bis consecration,
266, his popularity in the Italian
cities, ibid. proclaims the great
jubilee of 1300, ibid. his care of the
pilgrims, 268, discussion of the
charges brought against him, 269
(n.) and Appendix, No. 1, the
greatest canonist of his time, 315,
his death, 324.

Bonifacio, his usurpation of the pa-
pacy, ii. 322, his death, 323.
Borgia, Cardinal, his museum at Vel-
letri, i. 104.

Borromeo, cardinal, iii. 469, 473.
Botta, his opinion of Pius VI. iii.
536.

Bourbon, duke of, leads an army
against Rome, iii. 456, is slain,
457.

Bovilla, ancient city of, i. 92.
Bracciano, lake and castle of, i. 75.
Brancaleone, senator, iii. 231, 233,
severity of his administration, 235,
his fall, 237.

Brigandage in the Papal States, iii.

503-512, suppressed by Sixtus V.
511.

Brunelleschi, architect, iii. 314.
Bull-fight at Rome, iii. 418.
Bulwer, Sir E. L. his description of
Fra Moreale's encampment, iii. 365.
Buonaparte, Joseph, ambassador to
the Court of Rome, iii. 543, plot in
his palace, 543, withdraws from
Rome, 545.

Buonaparte, Lucien, his antiquarian
researches, i. 53, his letter to Pius
VII. iii. 581, invested with the
principality of Canino, ibid.
Buonaparte, Napoleon, occupies the
Papal States. iii. 542, wins the
battle of Marengo, 547, treaty with
the Pope, 548, his coronation, 549,
respect for the Pope, 550, change
of conduct towards him, 551, his
menaces, 553, letter to the Viceroy

of Italy, 554, unites the Papal
States to the French empire, 557,
is excommunicated, 558, 563.
Burchard, duke of Alemagna, ii. 234.
Burdino, antipope, his cruelties, ii.
640, 641.

C

Cadalous, antipope, ii. 457, his depo-
sition, 459, his invasion of Rome,
460, his repentance, 461.
Cæcilia (St.) her vision to Pope Pas-
chal I. ii. 50.

Caetani, family of, i. 135.
Calboli, their banishment from Ber-
tinoro, iii. 360.

Calendar, reformation of the, iii. 474.
Calliopas, exarch, his seizure of Pope
Martin i. 259.

Callistus II. Pope, his election, ii.
640, his letter to the faithful, ibid.
his public acts, 642; rescues the
antipope Burdino, iii. 88.
Campagna, the, animals of, i. 40, its
unhealthiness, 74, description of a
farm-house in, 77, general view of,
164; origin of its desolation, ii.
193, 288; its unhealthiness ac-
counted for, iii. 233, description of
in 1848, 634, state of farming in,
635.

Campone, abbot, a murderer, ii. 240.
Campo Santo, battle of, iii. 531.
Cancellaria, the, completed by Julius
II. iii. 439.
Canino, town of, i. 53.
Canossa, fortress of, ii. 535, 539,
545, 552.

Canute the Great, his pilgrimage to
Rome, ii. 398. his decree, ibid.
Capenates, country of the, i. 67.
Capocci, Giovanni, his outbreak at

Rome, iii. 168, his conspiracies, 193.
Capo di Monte, village of, i. 52.
Capranica, castle of, as described by
Petrarch, iii. 371.
Capriola, town of, i. 66.
Carasomi, Benedetto, dictator of
Rome, iii. 173.

Carbonari, account of the society of
the, iii. 590, description of the
Decisi branch of, 593, the appren-
tice card described, 594, view of
the vendita or meeting house, 596,
explanation of their symbols, 598,
instance of their vengeance, 599,
extracts from the report on, 601.
Carlos, Don, king of Naples, iii. 531,
visits Benedict XIV. 533.

Caroccio of Cremona, iii. 223.
Caroccio of Milan, presented to the
Roman people, iii. 219.
Carpineto, town of, i. 125.
Carrara, family of, their origin, iii.

355.

Carthage, letter to the people of, from

Pope Hildebrand, ii. 481.
Casali, family of, iii. 360.

Casa Maria, monastery of, i. 144.
Castellum Amerinum, its site, i. 61.
Castel-Sant'-Elia, village of, i. 70.
Castille, Old and New, provinces of,
why so called, ii. 297.

Castles, feudal, first erection of, ii.
199, 293, 296.

Castro, ruins of, i. 53, town of, 140;
confiscation of the duchy of, iii. 527.
Castro, duke of, public improvement
by, i. 65.

Castruccio Castrecane, his character,
iii. 376, his death, 377.
Catacombs, the first city of the Popes,
i. 353, researches in the, ii. 218.
Catholic History of England, charac-
ter of the, ii. 207, 208.
Ceccano, town of, i. 140.
Celestine, Pope. i. 375.
Celestine III. Pope, his election, iii.
141, his policy, 142, 178.
Celestine, St. V. Pope, his retreat at
Fumone, i. 137.

Cenci, family of, i. 159; ii. 245, 308,
account of their dynasty, 317, atro-
cities of, 321, 322, 323, death of
the, 336, outrage by another mem-
ber of the, 382, 639.

Cencius, his plot against Pope Hilde-
brand, ii. 514, his banishment, 639.
Cenni, Abbate, his "Monumenta Do-
minationis," iii. 256.
Centuriators of Magdeburg, their
tampering with documents, ii. 326.
Ceprano, town of, i. 141.

Cer Vetri, the ancient Cere Vetus, i.
82, 304.

Cesena, city of, beset by petty ty-
rants, iii. 360.
Charlemagne, his reverence for St.
Peter, i. 193, 275, assists Pope
Adrian I. 269, overruns Lombardy,
273, his success compared with
that of Constantine, ibid. bis pil-
grimage to Rome, 275, confirms
the donation of Pepin, 279, 285,
his additions to the Roman See,
307, his last will and testament, a
proof that the Papal States formed
no part of his empire, 312, his

XV

feelings on entering Rome, 459, his
visit to Rome under Leo III. ii.
9, his coronation in St. Peter's, 10,
his career and power, 13, his wars,
17, promotes literature and the
arts, 19, his works, 20, his vow to
St. Peter, ibid. effects of his coro-
nation, 29, his death, 42, his love
of hunting, 138, anecdote of, 140.
Charles of Anjou, king of Sicily, his
reception of Gregory X. iii. 249,
251, his ambition, 251, visits Flo-
rence, 252, his secret machinations,
253, his efforts to promote feuds,
263 (n.) his treaty with the king of
the Romans, 264, his duel with the
king of Arragon, ibid.

Charles the Bald, emperor, ii. 187,
189, his coronation, 191.
Charles the Fat, emperor, his corona-
tion, ii. 203.

Charles IV. emperor, his descent on
Italy, iii. 358, his coronation in
Rome, 395.

Christophorus, Pope, ii. 259, his usur-
pation, 268.

Chronicles, of Velturnum, ii. 164, of
Farfa, 165, of Pe-caria, 167.
Christopher, primicerius, his death, i.

299.

Cimabue, the procession of his picture
of the Madonna in Florence, iii. 310.
Cimino, mountains of the, i. 36, 45,
47, 59, 60, 62, 67.

Circe, mountain of, i. 112.
Cis-Alpine Gaul, provinces of, ii. 135.
Cisterna, town of, i. 105; consecra-
tion of Pope Alexander III. at, iii.
30.

Civita Castellana, its site, i. 69.
Cività di Castello, the ancient Ti-
fernum Tiberinum, i. 23; its
strength, iii. 9.
Civita-Lavinia, i. 101.

Civita Vecchia, i. 58, 83, 304; ii. 314.
Clement III. antipope, ii. 561.
Clement III. Pope, address to, iii.

132, his election, 135, his return
to Rome, 141, his death, ibid. state
Rome at his return, 172.
Clement IV. Pope, iii. 217.
Clement V. Pope, the first of the
Avignon Pontiffs, iii. 375.
Clement VI. Pope, jubilee published
by him in 1350, iii. 395.
Clement VII. in. 459.
Clement VIII. adorns Rome, iii. 481.
Clement (St.) removal of his relics to
Pescaria, ii. 169.