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Mr. MORGAN. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. JEFFERS. No, I will not yield; I am trying to get through.

Does the Secretary of the Treasury know of these conditions? I believe he does. And I believe he knows of the facts and circumstances connected with Harry F. Sinclair's personal-tax records, too. I believe a complete check up of those records will disclose rottenness that will be a shocking revelation to the American public, and I hope we can have such an investigation by competent authority who will really investigate it, have it checked by people competent to do the work thoroughly and right, and get some assurance, if possible, from the Secretary of the Treasury that the records will not be tampered with before the whole thing is checked.

Mr. Chairman, I yield back the balance of my time. Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Chairman, I yield one minute to the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. PAIGE].

The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Massachusetts is recognized for one minute.

Mr. PAIGE. Mr. Chairman, I am fearful that those who have listened to the speeches of the gentleman from Alabama [Mr. JEFFERS] and the gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. STEVENSON] will be inclined to despair of this Republic. The gentleman from South Carolina quoted from Senator Hoar, of Massachusetts, and I want to quote from Senator Hoar. There stands in historic Concord, in Massachusetts, in Sleepy Hollow Cemetery, a monument erected to Massachusetts's great Senator, George F. Hoar, and inscribed upon that monument, în enduring bronze and granite, are these words:

Finally, I believe a Republic to be greater than an empire, and though clouds darken the horizon, I believe to-day is better than yesterday and to-morrow will be better than to-day.

My friends, let us see to it that that prophecy comes true, and in the discussions upon this floor let us face the sunrise rather than the sunset. [Applause.]

Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Chairman, I yield one minute to the gentleman from Washington [Mr. SUMMERS).

The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Washington is recognized for one minute.

Mr. SUMMERS of Washington. Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks in the RECORD.

Is

The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Washington asks unanimous consent to extend his remarks in the RECORD. there objection?

There was no objection.

Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. Mr. Chairman, I yield 30 minutes to the gentleman from Oregon [Mr. WATKINS].

The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Oregon is recognized for 30 minutes.

Mr. WATKINS. Mr. Chairman, I rise for the sole and single purpose of submitting some observations on what I believe to be the most important question confronting the American people, namely, the immigration problem. There are pending before this House a score of measures dealing with this most vital matter. The Committee on Immigration has been holding meetings nearly every day since the convening of this session of the Congress, and one has but to sit there in that committee to visualize the prejudices, the diversities, the complexities, the manifold ramifications of this all-towering, planetwide, paramount question.

It is a matter, Mr. Chairman, which concerns every man, woman, and child, not only in the United States but throughout the whole world, because enveloped in it is race supremacy. It is vitalized because it affects every phase of our economic, social, and political life; it is fundamental because in it are rooted all foreign and nearly all domestic questions; it is paramount because on it is actually bottomed the very perpetuity of our own matchless American Government.

There is no panacea for our infliction, since our troubles are chronic and complex, but we face the supreme moment in the affairs of our beloved country, and consequently our duty is passing imperative. It is necessary that we set our own house in order, for if we do not the beginning of the end will soon dawn, because in the place of our sturdy pioneer race will rise a mongrel one, an unstable and bastardized population, where character and merit would have no recognition to leadership, but might and greed only would be supreme.

The Committee on Immigration, of which I have the honor to be a member, has already prepared a bill known as H. R. 6540, purporting to alleviate the perils and mitigate the dangers confronting and encompassing us.

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entage.

Approximately 37,000,000 are foreign born or of foreign-born or mixed parentage.

Approximately 10,000,000 are colored people.
Approximately 1.000.000 of other races.

In New York City 53.4 per cent of the male population 21 years of age and over is foreign born. (Census Monograph I, p. 106.) In the great State of Illinois the foreign-born male population 21 years of age and over nearly doubles the native white male 21 years of age and over, the foreign born totaling 613,797 whereas the native whites only number 344.319. (Statistical Abstract, U. S., 1921, p. 48.) Twenty-nine per cent of the total population of Rhode Island is foreign born; 28.3 per cent of the total population of the State of Massachusetts is foreign born; 27.4 per cent of the total population of the State of Connecticut is foreign born; 25.5 per cent of the total population of the whole of New England is foreign born. (Statistical Abstract, U. S., 1921, p. 73.)

Bearing in mind these percentages, together with the foreign born's propensity to prolific multiplication, coupled with the native born's tendency to race suicide, one does not need a very fertile imagination to visualize the already existence of a majority of the population of foreign blood. In fact, the census shows that over 60 per cent of the population of New England is of foreign stock; 62 per cent of New York is of foreign stock; 58 per cent of New Jersey is of foreign stock.

Mr. OLIVER of New York. Will the gentleman state whom he regards as native born, so that I may get the distinction?

Mr. WATKINS. Those who are born here.

Mr. OLIVER of New York. Whether they are born of parents who were born in Europe or not?

Mr. WATKINS. I sald native whites of native whites. I consider a person born abroad as foreign born.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WATKINS. Yes.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman kindly explain that? The gentleman raises two points which I do not quite understand-that is, the tendency of race suicide by the influx of immigrants and then race supremacy. To just what race does the gentleman refer?

Mr. WATKINS. I am talking about all foreigners in this country.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. As distinguished from what?
Mr. WATKINS. As distinguished from native whites of

native parentage.
Mr. LAGUARDIA. Of the first generation?
Mr. WATKINS. No; I said native whites of native par-
entage.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. Of the second generation? Mr. WATKINS. It would make no difference what generation.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. I am trying to get the distinction the gentleman makes between the races. When the gentleman refers to a foreign race he is making a distinction as to what race?

Mr. WATKINS. The native white, born of native parentage. Mr. LAGUARDIA. What race is that?

Mr. WATKINS. Those who founded and built this country, whether they came here in 1760, 1870, or 1890; they might be English, French, Irish, Germans, or Italians. I am talking about native whites of native born; I can not make it any plainer than that; all of the native whites of native parentage.

The foreign born are not scattered uniformly over and throughout the United States, but, on the contrary, are congested in our cities and employed in our basic industries to such an extent that they present a menace to the very social, economic, and political life of our country.

The 1920 census discloses that 72.9 per cent of the foreignborn population is located in Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois,

Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, and the New England States; and 59.3 per cent is located in Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York (Census Monograph I, p. 104).

That is, one parent or both coming from a foreign shore and are foreign born themselves.

The 1929 census further discloses that the following cities have more foreign-born whites than native whites of native parentage, the numbers being as follows (Statistical Abstract, U. S., 1921, pp. 55-57):

New York City..

Boston..

Chicago..

Cleveland..

Providence, R. I.
Fall River, Mass.
Lawrence, Mass.

New Britain, Conn.
Passaic, N. J'.
Paterson, N. J..

City.

Native
white of Foreign-
native
parent-
age.

born white.

1,991, 547
238, 919
805,482
239, 538
68,951

1, 164, 834

181, 811

642, 871

212, 247

63,728

19,168

12, 325

39,063

11, 161

21.230

8,816

26,365

31, 824

45, 145

42,331

To illustrate the native whites' loss of ground and the foreign born's gain, I cite the report of the Secretary of Labor of this year, which shows that in 1870 the number of native born of native parentage in the State of Connecticut was 333,804, or 62.1 per cent, whereas the 1920 census discloses 470,411 native born of native parentage, a percentage of 34.1 of the total population of that State.

In many of the basic industries we find the foreign born outnumbering the native born to an alarming degree. In the copper mines we find 65.4 per cent foreign born. What I mean by that is that out of every 100 persons employed in that industry 65 are foreign born, and the same thing applies to these other percentages.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WATKINS. Yes.

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Nearly everywhere-wherever the alien has entered in overwhelming numbers, I assert that the standard of our communities, our schools, our factories, and our States has been lowered.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. Is not this country made up of immigrants, no matter what period of history you take?

Mr. WATKINS. Well, to an Indian, I presume you will have to admit that immigration swept him from these shores, but it is the immigration and the numbers thereof that we are getting lately, the faults of which I am trying to point out.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. I wish the gentleman would carry out that idea and give us the figures with reference to this unemployment.

Mr. MORGAN. Will the gentleman yield?

Mr. WATKINS. Yes; just for a question. I have not much time.

Mr. MORGAN. The aliens to which the gentleman particu-
larly objects are those who refuse to become American citizens
or can not be assimilated in this country as Americans?
Mr. WATKINS. For the most part; yes. They are the main
ones.

Mr. OLIVER of New York. Will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WATKINS. For a question; yes.

Mr. OLIVER of New York. Would the gentleman give the figures, if he can, of the aliens in the Army of the United States in the last war as contrasted with those in the industries of the United States?

Mr. WATKINS. I have not the time to give those figures. I have them here in the record. I will let the gentleman give that information to the House; if he is holding a brief for the aliens, then my good Republican friend can do that Mr. OLIVER of New York. I would be glad to hold a brief It would not be preferable to have aliens for the aliens in this country. Mr. WATKINS. I am holding a brief for the American

Mr. LAGUARDIA. Would it be preferable to have natives later. in the mines?

Mr. WATKINS. in the mines.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. What is the point the gentleman is try citizen. ing to demonstrate?

Mr. WATKINS. I am trying to demonstrate here by my argument that we have too many aliens in this country and that we want more of the American stock upon this continent. Mr. LAGUARDIA. To put them in the mines? Mr. WATKINS. To put them in any and in every industry. Mr. LAGUARDIA. Has the gentleman any figures showing there are natives seeking to work in these copper mines who are being displaced by these aliens?

Mr. WATKINS. Since the gentleman from New York, my good Republican friend, has been in this House there have been hundreds of thousands of people out of employment in this country seeking work. I claim, and I propose to cite the record to show, that the alien born have driven the native born out of these industries.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. That is not in keeping with the report of the Secretary of Labor.

Mr. WATKINS. I am citing the report of the Secretary of Labor as well as the census report.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. The gentleman has referred to unemployment, and has said that hundreds of thousands have been kept out of employment by aliens, and I think in all fairness the gentleman should state in what industries and where, if the gentleman wants to put American stock in such work.

Mr. WATKINS. I have not the time to show you the percentages or how many there were in 1830, 1840, 1850, 1860, 1870, or 1880 according to the census. I simply gave you the illustration of the State of Connecticut and told you that mirrored the situation throughout the United States. There in Connecticut the native born decreased from 62 per cent to 34 per cent, and that is the situation in many industries through

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Mr. KINCHELOE. Will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WATKINS. Yes.

Mr. KINCHELOE. I am in hearty sympathy with the posi tion of the gentleman. I think there are too many aliens in this country now who are not loyal to our flag, and I was wondering, the gentleman being a member of the Immigration Committee, whether when the immigration legislation comes upon the floor, we would have an opportunity to vote on the proposition of whether we will stop immigration entirely in this country for the next two or three years in order to assimilate what we have now.

Mr. WATKINS. Before I finished I expected to answer that question and tell the gentleman just what he would have to vote on, but since he has asked the question, and in order that it may be answered now, I will say that the gentleman may have a chance to vote on suspension of immigration. If I had had my way, that is the very bill that would have been written and presented here, but the bill that is written will be based upon the 1890 census, allowing 2 per cent of that num ber to come in plus 200. For instance, if Greece, according to the census of 1890, is entitled to have 100 people enter under this proposed bill, she would then be allowed 300.

Mr. KINCHELOE. It will be a selective system, practically the same as the present law.

Mr. WATKINS. It will be selective in a degree.
Mr. WINGO. Will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WATKINS. Yes.

Mr. WINGO. Does the gentleman know of any thoughtful student of this question who differs with what I thought was general knowledge of the correct conclusion that there is a very clear distinction between the immigration that came here prior to 20 years ago and what has been coming during the last 20 years? Is it not true that all students agree that there is a clear distinction?

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and to accept our theory of government and our institutions and our ideas of life.

Mr. WATKINS. Exactly so; and not only their willingness but their ability to assimilate and to be absorbed into our life, and the best proof of that and the most eloquent testimony that you can find upon that subject is that given by the Naturalization Bureau of the Department of Labor, wherein it is disclosed that the immigration coming from northern Europe shows a naturalization percentage of 50 per cent upward, whereas the immigration coming from the countries in southern and eastern Europe shows a percentage of naturalization from 50 per cent down, with some as low as 7, 9, and 12 per cent. In other words, of a total of 100 people of a certain nationality, only 12 are naturalized.

Now, Mr. Chairman, in many of the basic industries we find the foreign born outnumbering the native born to an alarming degree. In the copper mines we find 65.4 per cent foreign born. In the iron mines we find 66.7 per cent foreign born. In the clothing industry we find 66.5 per cent; in copper factories, 63.7 per cent; in the hemp and jute mills, 60.7 per cent; in the sugar refineries we find 53.2 per cent. In the steel and blast mills we find 50.3 per cent foreign born and in the charcoal and coke industry 57.1 per cent foreign born, while in agriculture we find only 8.1 per cent foreign born.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WATKINS. Yes.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. Are not the other industries just as necessary?

Mr. WATKINS. Certainly; yes.

Mr. CLEARY. Will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WATKINS. I will.

Mr. CLEARY. Suppose you cut out all of the foreign born from industries, what would be the situation?

Mr. WATKINS. Immigration into this country never helped us so far as population is concerned; we would have more people here now-and they would be native born-than we have to-day if this great influx of immigration since 1870 had never occurred. I will cite you the statistics as well as authorities on that question.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. last point.

I hope the gentleman will explain his

Mr. CLEARY. I am a good deal older than the gentleman from Oregon. I remember years before he was born that it was the foreigners that built the railroads and the canals in this country. It is foolish talking about excluding the foreigners if you want labor.

Mr. WINGO. Will the gentleman yield?

Mr. WATKINS. Yes.

Mr. WINGO. In the gentleman's judgment as a student of the question, which is more important-the furnishing of cheap labor to industry or the maintenance of American standards of government and civilization?

Mr. WATKINS. The latter by all means. It is not necessary for a man to make profits. So many people in this country are thinking about developing an industry that they forget that importing cheap labor and people alien to our institutions, to our methods of government, is stifling unborn children and preventing them from having the privileges they ought to have in this country. [Applause.]

Mr. KVALE. Will the gentleman yield?

Mr. WATKINS. I will yield to the gentleman.

Mr. KVALE. What people was it that built up the great Northwest? Was it the descendants of the Mayflower or the socalled aliens?

Mr. WATKINS. I will say that it was the children of the people who came over in the Mayflower, or their kind, who built not only the great Northwest but the whole of this great

country.

Mr. KVALE. The gentleman is in error; it was the immigrants who built up the great Northwest.

Mr. WATKINS. I yielded to the gentleman for a question, but not for an argument. Now, Professor Laughlin has made a report on this to show the kind of people we have here. You will note that the figures I have given you show practically 10 per cent of the population to be foreign born. So if you find 100 men in jail you would think that not over 10 were foreign born. I will read what the fact is:

The percentage of alien stock-that is, the persons of foreign birth and those with one or both parents of foreign birth-who are found in custodial institutions by our present survey amounted to 44.9 per cent of the whole institutional population. These persons are generally designated as foreign stock. On the same plan of reasoning we find

LXV-120

that the foreign stock in State custodial institutions-excluding munici pal and private institutions of all sorts-is costing the several State governments 7.63 per cent of all of their expenditures for all purposes.

I understand the city of New York, the city of my good friend Mr. LAGUARDIA, is now contemplating bringing a suit for the collection of millions of dollars against the United States Government for allowing so many aliens to come into the country who are entering charitable institutions of the State of New York, yet here we have the spectacle of people in New York urging the Immigration Committee, Members of Congress, to let more aliens into this country.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WATKINS. Yes.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. The gentleman talks about the claim of the city of New York. Does the gentleman know that these unfortunate aliens are inmates of the insane asylums on account of the industrial conditions that put them there? Mr. WATKINS. I do not know that, despite the fact that I have given the subject considerable study. Mr. WINGO. Will the gentleman yield? Mr. WATKINS. Yes.

Mr. WINGO. If that condition is true as the gentleman from New York states, certainly you ought not to add to it and make it worse by bringing in more?

Mr. WATKINS.

Certainly. He writes his own indictment. Mr. WEFALD. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. WATKINS.

Yes.

Mr. WEFALD. I am in sympathy with some of the things the gentleman has said

Mr. WATKINS. God bless the gentleman; may his tribe increase; 90 per cent of the American people are likewise sympathetic.

Mr. WEFALD. I wish to find out if I understood the gentleman correctly. I think he stated that when there had been an influx of foreigners it always lowered the American standards.

Mr. WATKINS. I think the gentleman must have misunderstood me in that. I do not mean to say that every foreigner who gets here would lower the American standard. I said this great overwhelming influx of immigration into this country has a tendency to lower our standards.

Mr. WEFALD. If I were correct, I wanted to know whether the gentleman thinks the great Middle Northwest has suffered any from the influx it has had from northern Europe?

Mr. WATKINS. I would say the Northwest has not suffered much from any kind of immigration, because the percentage there is very small.

Mr. WEFALD. It is not small with foreign born.
Mr. BLANTON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WATKINS. Yes.

Mr. BLANTON. What is lowering the American standard is this: During the war I watched a parade in the city of New York which lasted from 9 o'clock in the morning until 7 o'clock at night, made up of a solid mass of people, all foreigners, continually marching.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. Mr. BLANTON.

In the Army? Oh, no.

Mr. WATKINS. Mr. Chairman, on January 1, 1910, the census will disclose that there were 10,588 prisoners in penal or reformatory institutions in New England, and that 36 per cent of them were foreign born. In the Middle Atlantic States that same document will disclose that there were 23,673 in like institutions, and that 31 per cent of them were foreign born. In the east North Central States there were 16,250 in penal institutions and 20 per cent of them were foreign born. The Attorney General's report for the fiscal year 1923, just distributed, states that of the prisoners received there were 1,975 foreign born and 1,511 native born. I am saying to you and to the American people that the percentage is too great in view of the fact that the foreign born constitute only 10 or 11 per cent of our total population.

Mr. OLIVER of New York. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?

Mr. WATKINS. Yes.

Mr. OLIVER of New York. I want to know whether the Attorney General's basis of what is foreign born is the same as the gentleman's basis, because that is an expression that is very often loosely used.

Mr. WATKINS. I can not say what the Attorney General meant. I do not generally hold a brief for him, but when he uses plain English I think he means foreign born in the same sense as used by me.

Mr. OLIVER of New York. The gentleman will understand that while it is plain English it very frequently covers every. body with a foreign name.

Mr. LITTLE. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WATKINS. Yes.

Mr. LITTLE. The gentleman would not consider a Scotchman a foreigner and alien in this country?

Mr. WATKINS. If he is foreign born he would be. Of course he generally amalgamates very quickly and soon becomes a good citizen.

Mr. CLARKE of New York. And where do us. Irish come in? [Laughter.]

Mr. MORGAN. Is it not a fact that of the aliens who are In this country, foreign born, approximately 11,000,000 of them have refused to become citizens of the United States?

Mr. WATKINS. I can not say that I know that. I can say
that there are 6,000,000 of them that are not naturalized.
Mr. WINGO: Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. WATKINS. Yes.

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New England..
Middle Atlantic.
East North Central.
West North Central.
South Atlantic..
East South Central.
West South Central

Mr. WINGO. Is not this something that all agree upon, that however good may be the character of some who come, the statistics show beyond any question that there is a clear distinction between the character of the immigrants that have come here in the last 20 years and those who came before; that the statistics of the penal institutions show-that is, the current statistics-that whatever may be the good character of some that come, there is a large number coming here that are unfit for citizenship? And is there not the further thing that gives greatest concern, that there are large numbers of them, Mountain.. whatever may be their personal character and integrity, who are against assuming American customs and habits and the duties and responsibilities of American citizenship? Are not those the two things that are most disturbing men who have no prejudice on the question, but who are studying it solely from the standpoint of its effect upon our institutions?

Mr. WATKINS. I think that is the situation. I desire to say here and now that I do not condemn every foreign born and every alien. That is not the case. I have some of the finest Italians in the world in my district; I have some of the finest people of every nationality in my district; but I am simply trying to carry home to this House the fact that we have here in this country more aliens than we can assimilate. There are too many for our institutions and for our Government, and I am not laying an indictment against every alien and foreigner in our country; but, as the gentleman from Arkansas has stated, there are too many. We can not assimilate them, we can not absorb them, they are not our kind. Now, the next table is, it seems to me, a more vicious indictment than the last one. That table discloses 11,088 people in the almshouses in New England; 5,706 were foreign born, more than 50 per cent. In the Middle Atlantic States 23,772 were found in the poorhouses; 11,712 of them were foreign born. In the East North Central States 21,358 were in the poorhouses, and of these 8.388 were foreign born. There were 6,366 in the West North Central States, of whom 2,371 were foreign born. This same document discloses that in New England there were 289,700 illiterates, and of that number 257.207 were foreign born. In the Middle Atlantic States there were 865,382 illiterates, and the foreign born were 760,010. were illiterate persons 10 years of age and over.

Those

The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman has expired..
Mr. WATKINS. Could I have more time?

Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. The gentleman is making a most interesting and most instructive speech, and one in which we are all deeply interested, but we propose to end general debate this evening, and there are one or two more to be heard. Can the gentleman get along with 10 minutes?

Mr. MADDEN. We are very anxious to close general deWe have been very liberal, and we have two or three bate. more speeches.

Mr. WATKINS. I will try to finish in 10 minutes. Mr. BYRNS of Tennessee. I yield the gentleman 10 additional minutes.

Mr. WATKINS. In the East North Central States there were 495,470 illiterates, of whom 342,832 were foreign born. In the West North Central States there were 193.221, of whom 86,760 were foreign born.

Mr. LAGUARDIA. Will the gentleman yield for a question?

Pacific..

Grand total.

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Statistical Abstract of United States, 1921, Table 46., page 77. Sentenced prisoners in penal or reformatory, institutions on January 1,

New England..
Middle Atlantic.
East North Central.
West North Central.
South Atlantic..
East South Central.
West South Central.
Mountain..
Pacific.....

Grand total..

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1 Less than 10 per cent. Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1921, Table 40, page 77 Attorney General's Report, 1923, for fiscal year, states that of prisoners received there were 1,975 foreign born, and 1,511 native Insane in hospitals on January 1, 1910.

born.

New England..
Middle Atlantic..
East North Central.
West North Central..
South Atlantic.
East South Central.
West South Central,
Mountain.
Pacific....

Grand total.

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187,791 120,128 54,096 12,910 Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1921, Table 46, page 77. To-day, Mr. Chairman, America has approximately 6,000,000 unnaturalized foreigners within her borders. Fifty-one and four-tenths per cent of the population of the United States live in cities; 48.6 per cent live in the country. There are more than 2,000 newspapers and periodicals printed in foreign tongues in the United States.

Now, Mr. Chairman, what indictment do these figures write against us? None other, sir, than that we have been traitors. to our trust, miserable miscreants worshiping at the shrine Mr. Chairman, to expedite matters I will insert at this point of Mammon and thinking of prosperity instead of posterity data on aliens which will prove most instructive. because, I tell you, sir, that these statistics demonstrate beyond

Mr. WATKINS. No; I have not the time.

the peradventure of a doubt that the foreign born within the
hollow of his hand holds the destiny of this mighty Nation,
for you know, sir, that the balance of power in this country
rests in a few of our industrial States. You also know that
these various States are controlled by the respective industrial
centers therein, and if within these industrial centers a major-
ity of the people are foreign born, then in the final analysis
the foreign born is supreme.

Mr. Chairman, these are just some of the unhealthy condi-
tions lurking in our midst. I could go on and on and on de-
lineating circumstances in our industries, our cities, and our
Commonwealths which would make our American blood shud-
der to ponder the consequences. The facts submitted warrant
us in directing our attention to the question and dedicating
our talent to its solution. It is not a partisan question, but
one demanding the unadulterated Americanism of every last
American in this great American land.

We do not, as a matter of fact, need any more immigration;
we have had too much already; the authorities agree that for
eign immigration into this country has from the time it as-
sumed large proportions amounted not to a reenforcement of
our population but to a replacement of native by foreign stock.
For example, take the increase of the Northeastern States during
the heavy influx of immigration and the increase of the popu-
lation of the South, where no immigration to speak of oc-
curred, and you will find that the South increased in popula-
tion as fast as those States which received large numbers of
immigrants.

The 13 Southern States have received practically no foreign
immigrants during the last 50 years; still its population has
increased at the rate of something over 30 per cent per decade,
whereas the population of the North has not increased so fast
despite the fact that over 75 per cent of foreign immigrants
have settled there. (Hearings, House of Representatives, on
immigration, Sixty-first Congress.)

In other words, in 1870 the white population of the United
States native and foreign born combined was 33,589,377. Of
this population, 6,518,012 were enumerated in the 13 Southern
States. In 1900 this white southern population of native
parentage had increased to 13,903,622. If the same ratio had
prevailed throughout the United States, we should have had in
1900 a total of 71,543,373 whites instead of 66,809,196, of
which number 10,341,376 were foreign born, leaving 56,500,000
white native born instead of 71,545,373 we would have had if
no immigration had been allowed. In other words, the southern
white population multiplied two and thirteen one-hundredths
times, while that of the North increased only one and nine-tenths
times.
The foreign-born population of
Let us particularize.
North Carolina is less than 1 per cent. It ranks fourteenth
in population, although it was twentieth a generation ago. It
stauds first in per capita value and per acre value of the
annual acreage planted. It has less foreign born within its
borders than any State in the American Union. It leads all
other States in obedience to law. The contrary is true of our
American cities. Why is New York and every great city in
the American Union to-day in rebellion against the eighteenth
amendment and the Harrison Narcotic Act? None other, sir,
than that these cities are not American but alien, not only in
name but in ideals, thoughts, speech, and aspirations.

Let me remind you that it did not require immigration to
make England industrially great; and Germany made her
greatest strides industrially without the help of any stock for-
eign to her land. The trouble with all these advocates for
more immigrants is that they are thinking of profits and not
posterity, save and except a few who, because of sentiment and
race. are battling for their kith and kin.

It has been somewhere said that necessity is the mother of
invention. Whenever we say to our people and to the world
that we propose to save this land for posterity, even at the sac-
rifice, if need be, of profits. then will there be devised means
and methods of doing and performing labor now done by hand
by the substitution of machinery. More than that, whenever
we clean house and let the American boy and girl know that
Americans are and are to be on the jobs, then you will see
them performing the labor in every line of industry in this
fair land of ours.

And yet, despite the figures I have here submitted, and in the
very face of the alarming conditions hovering over us, you will
find men in this Congress advocating the 1917 act with prac-
tically no restrictions whatever; others prefer the quota prin-
ciple, but advocate the census of 1920, while others champion
the census of 1910, others 1900, while the majority think they
prefer 1890. In order that you may appreciate the import
of these several proposals, permit me to submit for your con-

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1,242

928

500

Lithuania (including Memel re-
gion and part of Pinsk region).
Luxemburg..
Netherlands..
Norway.

Poland (including Eastern Ga-
licia and part of Pinsk region).
Portugal (including Azores and
Madeira Islands)..
Rumania.

Russia (European and Asiatic,
excluding the barred zone)..
Spain (including Canary Islands)
Sweden..

Palestine.
Syria...

Turkey (European and Asiatic,
Including Thrace, Imbros, Te-
nedos, and area north of 1921
Turko-Syrian boundary)..
Other Asia (including Cyprus,
Hedjaz Iraq (Mesopotamia),
Persia, Rhodes with Dodeka-
nesia and Castellorizzo, and
any other Asiatic territory not
included in the barred zone.
Persons born in Asiatic Russia
are included in Russia quota)..
Africa (other than Egypt).
Egypt...
Allantic islands (other than
Azores, Canary Islands, Ma-
deira Islands, and islands adja-
cent to the American conti-
nents).
Australia.

New Zealand and Pacific Islands.

Total.

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