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were not materials so ready at hand as in those other languages, the work was thrown upon my head, if I may so express it, and I became a Greek grammarian. I shall remember, as long as I live, the winter of 1791-2, in which I filled those seven sheets, laboriously putting together what I could find in the trite materials of the poor ordinary grammars, or could work out by my own reflections upon the little I had then read of the ancient classics. I shall never forget the distractions which the third declension gave to my brain, and which followed me even in my dreams,-a rock on which I should have split, and lost all in utter despondency, had not a positive engagement, and the beginning already made in printing, cut off all possibility of retreat. From this time I was chained to Greek literature and grammar. An arrangement was made with Spalding to read together on certain days the Greek classics, and as he was a housekeeper, I went to his house in the morning, summer and winter, for this purpose."

The second Part, pp. 102-279, gives a sketch of the Greek and Roman authors, their works, editions, translations, &c., in a very convenient form, and is really valuable for the information it gives respecting the merits and faults of the various editions of the classics. It is, however, imperfect, in consequence of its too great brevity; though it meets the practical wants of the ordinary student.

It is the third Part, of 162 pages, containing an alphabetical list of the principal philologians and distinguished scholars in classical literature since the revival of letters, that will be the most highly prized, because what is there exhibited is to be found no where else. This catalogue is to be the germ of a great Biographical Lexicon of Philologists, specimens of which are given in the "Lives of Celebrated Classical Scholars," by the same author. A few quotations, made at random, will give the reader a better view of the character of this alphabetical list than any description of ours:

"Raph. Kühner, born 1795, conrector of the Gymnasium in Hanover. -Cicero's Tusculan Questions, and Greek Grammar."

"C. A. Lobeck, born June 5, 1781, in Naumburg, Professor in the Wittenberg University, now in Königsberg.-Phrynicus, Ajax of Sophocles, Aglaophamus Paralipomena Grammaticae Græcae," &c.

"A. Matthiae, born in Göttingen, Dec. 25, 1769, educated in the same place; from 1789 private tutor in Amsterdam; from 1801 Director of the Gymnasium in Altenburg, where he died, Jan. 6, 1835.-Homer's Hymns, Euripides, Cicero's Select Orations, Cicero's Select Epistles, Greek Grammar, Outline of Greek and Roman Literature, and Miscellaneous Writings."

"L. Ramshorn, born in Reust, March 19, 1768, Prof. in the Gymnasium of Altenberg, emeritus in 1837, and died Nov. 10, 1837.-Latin Grammar, Latin Synonyms."

"K. W. Dindorf, born in Leipsic, 1802, Prof. in the University of Leipsic.-Editor of Athenæus, Pollux, Isocrates, and many other Greek authors; Stephens's Greek Thesaurus."

"A. Böckh, born at Carlsruhe, Nov. 14, 1785, Prof. in the University of Heidelberg, and since 1811 in Berlin. His writings relate partly to the metre of Pindar, whose works he edited, partly to Plato, and to Greek antiquities: Corpus Inscriptionum, Public Economy of Athens,

VOL. V.-NO. XVII.

19

[Measures, Weights, Coins, &c., and Maritime Affairs of the Athenians.] His biography by Klausen, in Hoffmann's Lives of Celebrated Philologians."

“K. O. Müller, born 1797, Prof. in Göttingen.—History of the Hellenic Tribes, Etruscans, Phidias, Manual of Archæology, the Eumenides of Eschylus, Varro de Latina Lingua, &c."

"M. H. E. Meier, Dr. of Laws and of Philosophy, born Jan. 1, 1796, in Glogau, in 1819 private teacher in Halle, 1821, Prof. Extraordinary in Griefswald, 1825, Prof. and Director of the Philological Seminary in Halle.—Attic Law with Schömann, Demosthenes's Midias, Editor of the Third Division of Ersch and Gruber's Encyclopedia."

"F. Jacobs, born Oct. 6, 1764, Prof. and Librarian in Gotha, afterwards for a considerable time in Munich, at present First Librarian in Gotha.-Greek Anthology, Elian's History of Animals, Greek and Latin Readers, and Miscellaneous Writings, Autobiography in Hoffmann's Lives of Celebrated Philologians."

"G. H. Schäfer, born in Leipsic, Sept. 27, 1764, studied in the same place, private teacher in 1806, afterwards Prof. Extraordinary in the Leipsic University.-Athenæus, Herodotus, Pliny's Letters, Meletemata, Demosthenes, &c."

"F. Passow, born in Ludwigslust, Mecklenburg, Sept. 20, 1786, studied in Gotha from his 16th year, and in Leipsic from 1804, Prof. of Greek in the Gymnasium of Weimar in 1807, second Director of the Gymnasium in Jenkau in 1810, then, after a journey on the Rhine and in Switzerland, studied under Wolf in Berlin, and in 1815 was made Prof. of ancient literature in Breslau, where he continued to labor with great success till his death in 1833.-Perseus, Musaeus, Longus, Tacitus's Germany. Erotic Writers, Greek Lexicon and Opuscula. [His Life by Wachler.]"

"A. Stahr, born in Prenzlau, in 1805, from 1826 teacher in the Royal Pedagogium, Halle, and since 1836 Conrector of the Gymnasium of Oldenburg.-Aristotle."

"J. G. Stalbaum, born in 1793, formerly teacher in the Royal Pedagogium, Halle, in 1820 Conrector, and in 1836 Rector of the Thomas School, Leipsic.-Herodotus, Terence, Ruddiman's Grammar, Plato, &c."

"K. F. Hermann [not to be confounded with Godfried Hermann], born in 1803, in Frankfort on the Mayn, Prof. in the University of Marburg. -Lucian, Political Antiquities of Greece, [Plato's System of Philosophy]."

"J. C. F. Bähr, born in 1790, Prof. and First Librarian in the University of Heidelberg.-Editor of Plutarch, Herodotus, and author of the History of Roman Literature."

"F. T. Friedemann, born in Stolpen, near Dresden, studied 1805– 1810 in Misnia, and 1810-1813 in the University of Wittenberg, in 1813 Conrector, in 1820 Rector in Zwickau, and in 1820 Rector of the Gymnasium of Wittenberg, afterwards Director in Brunswick, now Director in Weilburg.-Strabo, Latin Prosody, [Paränesen, and Discourses on the Organization and Management of Gymnasia]."

"F. V. Fritsche, born [Halle?] 1806, [studied at Leipsic, under Hermann], formerly teacher in the Thomas School, Leipsic, now Prof. in the University of Rostock.-Lucian, Aristophanes, &c."

"P. W. Van Heusde, born 1799, Prof. of Greek in the University of Utrecht, as Segar's successor.-Platonic Philosophy.”

"C. G. Zumpt, born March 20, 1792, in Berlin, in 1812 Teacher and in 1817 Prof. in the Frederic Werder Gymnasium, and in 1821 Prof. and Librarian in the Joachimthal Gymnasium, Berlin, at present Member of the Berlin Academy of Science [in which character, he delivers lectures in the university of Berlin].-Latin Grammar, Annales Vet. Regnorum, Latin Orations, Cicero's Verrine Orations, Quintilian, &c." “E. Wunder, born in Wittenberg, educated in the gymnasium under Weichert, at last in Misnia, studied in Leipsic, in 1823 Adjunct and in 1828 Prof. in Grimma.-Sophocles, Cicero, &c."

"B. G. Niebuhr, son of Carsten Niebuhr the well-known traveller, was born in Copenhagen, Aug. 27, 1776, resided long in Rome as Prussian minister, and afterwards lived as a private individual in Bonn, where he gave public lectures as Member of the Berlin Academy of Science, and died Jan. 21, 1831.—Roman History, originator of the new edition of the Byzantine Historians, Fronto, Gaius, &c.-Lieber's Reminiscences, B. G. Niebuhr's Memoirs [3 vols. Hamburg, 1838-40.]" "F. A. Trendelenburg, born in Eutin, Nov. 30, 1802, Prof. in the university of Berlin.-Aristotle."

"I. K. C. Jahn, born 1797, Conrector in the Thomas school, Leipsic. Virgil, Ovid, Horace, Editor of the Jahrbücher der Philologie und Pädagogik."

"K. Lachmann, born in Brunswick, March 4, 1793, in 1816 Collaborator [assistant teacher] in the Frederic's Gymnasium in Berlin, then teacher in Königsberg, and since 1818 Prof. in the university of Berlin. -Propertius, Tibullus, Catullus, New Testament, &c."

"K. J. Sillig, born in Dresden, May 12, 1801, studied in the gymnasium of the same place, and in Leipsic, 1819-22, and in Göttingen, 1822-23, and then resided for a time in Paris. After his return, he was first Collaborator, in 1828 Extraordinary, in 1833 Ordinary teacher in the Dresden Gymnasium. The offer of a professorship in Leipsic university, and in Dorpat he declined. Catullus, Catalogue of Ancient Artists [translated into English], Virgil, Minor Poems in the new edition of Heyne's Virgil, &c."

"C. G. Herzog, born in Lausace, in 1789, studied in Leipsic, 1806-9, and was teacher in a public school there 1810-13; he was afterwards subrector in Jena and in 1827 was made Professor of Eloquence, in which office he still remains. Cæsar, Sallust, and Quintilian."

"K. G. A. Erfurt, born in 1776, and died, as Prof. of ancient literature in the university of Königsberg in 1813.-Sophocles, &c."

"F. Ellendt, born in Colberg, Jan. 6, 1796, Teacher and afterwards Prof. in [a gymnasium in] Königsberg till 1835, when he became Director of the gymnasium in Eisleben.-Cicero's Brutus, in which he gives his History of Roman Eloquence, Lexicon Sophocleum, History, Latin Grammar, &c."

"J. H. Bremi, born in Zurich, Dec. 4, 1772, Prof. in the university of Zurich, died May 10, 1837.-He edited Suetonius, Cornelius Nepos, parts of Eschines, Lysias and Demosthenes, and was in various ways a promoter of classical literature."

"C. A. Brandis, born in Hildesheim, Feb. 11, 1790, studied in Kiel, afterwards instructer in the university of Berlin. Since 1822 he has been Prof. of Philosophy in Bonn, at present in Greece in the employ of Otto, king of Greece. [He has just returned to Bonn.]-His various writings relate to the ancient philosophers. [He has recently published the best Manual of the history of ancient philosophy.]"

8. Murray's Encyclopædia of Geography. Philadelphia. Lea & Blanchard.

1840,

Another Geography! Well, we believe, as was said on another occasion, there is room enough for both “thee and me." The world is wide. Its wants are numerous and various. What suits one, may not suit another. Competition promotes excellence, too. At all events, we hold it to be a settled point in criticism, and every where else, that a good book can never come amiss. Such is this British work, now just re-published. Its merits, though differing (without interfering at all) from those of Mr. Goodrich's work, are obvious and decided. Perhaps the best account that can be given of this work, is in the words of the title-page. It is an "Encyclopædia of Geography, comprising a complete description of the earth, physical, statistical, civil and political; exhibiting its relation to the heavenly bodies, its physical structure, the natural history of each country, and the industry, commerce, political institutions, and civil and social state of all nations." In other words, it is a universal geography, on the widest plan, and coming down to the latest dates; for it has undergone the revision of Mr. T. G. Bradford, of this city, and comprehends those rich stores of information, gathered within a few years, respecting regions of the earth, which have never before been admitted into similar treatises, or only to an inconsiderable extent. Such, for example, are several countries not until lately explored, as the Thebad or Upper Egypt, India, Abyssinia, Farther India, Australia, and regions in the Polar Seas; and particularly Russia on the Caspian, and the wild, untamed country of the Caucasus, of which a full description, given from the latest authorities, is specially seasonable at the present time.

The reputation of the editor of this work makes it almost unnecessary, had we time here, to go into details, as to the manner in which he has discharged his task. It seems chiefly requisite to give the outline of what he has undertaken, and to name the assistance he has had, viz., the contribution of the Astronomical department from Prof. Wallace, the Geology from Prof. Jamieson, the Botany, &c., from Prof. Hooker, and the Zoology, &c., from Prof. Swainson; men, all of them, too well known, as ripe scholars, to require introduction or eulogy at our hands. The work begins with a sketch of the history of geography,-ancientthat of the middle ages, and modern; and in the course of it, the various theories of the form of the globe are described. Then come treatises on the principles of geography, astronomical and geological; and on its relations to the organized, living and rational natures which occupy the earth's surface. Then astronomy, doctrine of tides, figure and dimensions of the earth, modes of measurement, latitude and longitude, and the maps, &c., are explained; then meteorology and geognosy, and the relations of geography to botany, to the distribution of animals, and to man in his political and social relations. The third part, occupying the residue of the 1st and the whole of the 2d and 3d volumes, is devoted to what, for distinction's sake, may be called geography proper. The maps are eighty-two in number; the engravings more than eleven hundred; the alphabetical index is complete, and the general execution is highly creditable to the firm who have issued the work.

T.

ARTICLE IX.

MISCELLANEOUS INTELLIGENCE.

Insanity in the United States.-The writer of an article on the N. Y. Bloomingdale Asylum, in Dr. Bell's (Philadelphia) Select Medical Journal, remarks very justly that when he looks over our extensive country, and considers its immense progress in civilization, wealth, and luxury; the varied and increasing temptations to embark in the wildest schemes of speculation, the sudden accumulation and loss of fortune, the fluctuations of trade, the interest taken by almost every citizen in every political and financial movement that agitates the community, the activity of mind every where apparent, the fierce strifes of the predominative passions of ambition and avarice involving so many minor ones, and extending their influence over every class of society, he is compelled to believe that we have among us as many active causes of insanity as any country in Christendom. This is a common conclusion, perhaps a general conviction; and these are considerations as obvious as they are important. They would seem to be conclusive, even, as to the comparison between the amount of insanity in our own country and in others. Yet we are farther told, that if the few States which have made returns of their insane, be taken as a standard of the whole, and if European statistics of insanity can be relied on, facts go to show that the proportion of lunatics to the whole population is greater in America than in Europe; but, adds our authority, we believe that European statistics of insanity cannot be relied on. The only country in which a regular systematic plan of enumeration has been adopted is Norway, where the proportion of lunatics and idiots is one to every five hundred and fifty-one inhabitants, a proportion considerably greater than exists in this country. This position is rather novel, and will take some of our readers, we apprehend, by surprise. We only allude to it here, but the whole subject is one of momentous interest, and it is earnestly to be hoped that pains may be taken to throw new light upon it, not by discussion alone, but by the accumulation of appropriate data. Our own government, for example, may at least give it some help in the census; and we rejoice to see that the writer we have quoted,-Dr. Bell, we presume,-bas himself succeeded in procuring the amendment of the lately pending Bill for taking the census, now just coming out, so as to include lunatics and idiots both. The country owes him its thanks for the service.

Statistics. This is a very important science, very little attended to, and as little in the United States as any where else. We are glad, therefore, to see some signs of a proper attention being turned to it. One of them is the formation of the American Statistical Association,' in Boston, within the last few weeks. Another is the appearance of such a paper as Hazard's (Philadelphia) Statistical and Commercial Register,' a work of great value, and the legitimate successor or competitor of Niles. It costs but five dollars per annum, and contains, at length, all the most valuable official documents, and statistical and practical information of the day.

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