UNIVERSITY PRESS:

JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE.

HENRY MORSE STEPHE

CONTENTS

OF

THE SECOND VOLUME.

CHAPTER VIII.

PARTY.

Influence of party on Parliamentary government

The principles represented by English parties

Origin of parties

The Puritans .

Parties under the Stuarts.

Whigs and Tories:

Parties after the Revolution

Classes from which parties were mainly drawn

Revival of the Tory party on the accession of George III.

The king's efforts to break up parties

Alliance of the king's friends with the Tories.

The Whigs in opposition . .

Resistance to change, a principle adopted by the Tories.

Party principles tested by the American war.

Secession of the Whigs from Parliament, 1776

The Whigs and the American war

Rise of the democratic party

The Whigs in power, 1782

Party Crisis on the death of Lord Rockingham

The Coalition, 1783.

Its overthrow

Principles of coalition considered

The Tory Party under Mr. Pitt.

Character of Lord Thurlow

The Whigs and the Prince of Wales.

Influence of the French Revolution upon parties

Disruption of the Whigs

508121

Many leading Whigs coalesce with Mr. Pitt.

The consolidation of his party

Ostracism of liberal opinions

The Tory party in Scotland

Secession of the Whigs from Parliament, 1798

Disunion of the Tories, 1801

The Whigs in office, 1806

Democratic sentiments provoked by distress, 1817-1820

The Whigs associated with the people

Increasing power of public opinion.

Disunion of the Tories on the death of Lord Liverpool

The Whigs in power, 1830: their union with the people

Parties after the Reform Act

The Radicals

The Irish Party

The Tory party assume the name of Conservatives

Sir Robert Peel's short ministry, 1834-35.

Parties under Lord Melbourne

Conservative reaction

Sir Robert Peel's second ministry

His free-trade policy. .

His relations with his party

Obligations of a party leader considered

Conservatives after Sir Robert Peel's fall

The Whigs in office, 1846-1852

Lord Derby's ministry, 1852.

.

Union of Whigs and Peelites under Lord Aberdeen, 1853.

Lord Palmerston as premier, 1855.

Combination of parties against him

His popularity and sudden fall

Lord Derby's second ministry, 1858

Lord Palmerston's second ministry, 1859

90

THE PRESS, AND LIBERTY OF OPINION.

Freedom of opinion the greatest of liberties

102

Stockdale's trial..

The first newspapers

The press under the Stuarts and the Commonwealth
After the Restoration

The press on the accession of George III.

Wilkes and the "North Briton"

Ex-officio informations .

Junius's letters and the law of libel

Juries denied the right to judge of the offence of libel

Case of the Dean of St. Asaph

Mr. Fox's Act to amend the law of libel

Progress of free discussion in the press

123

Military action in absence of a magistrate

The Slave Trade Association, 1787: its means of agitation, and

132

133

The seditious meetings bill

Public opposition to these bills.

Mr. Reeves's pamphlet

Regulation of newspapers, 1789-98

Bill to suppress corresponding societies, 1799

Repressive measures completed: their effects

Trials of Mr. Wakefield and the "Courier," 1799

Trial of Jean Peltier, 1803 . .

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141

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143

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150

151

152

154

156

163

164

166

169

. 170

172

173

174

. 175

177

Trials of Cobbett and the Messrs. Hunt, 1804-11.

Progress of free discussion reviewed

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180

CHAPTER X.

THE PRESS, AND LIBERTY OF OPINION, CONTINUED.