tion of Belgium! Blush that you have forgotten the Russian Moloch now loosed upon us, drunk with the blood and tears of alien peoples as well as of its own children! That you have forgotten all that, in order to lament over buildings which we have been forced in self-defence-again in self-defenceto sacrifice! And blush for those of your people who have become accomplices of that Moloch! Those who are sinning against the Holy Ghost of Europe, in order to attempt belated vengeance against Germany! Do you know what the ancients, the very Greeks and Romans from whom you have drawn your blood and temperament, called that sin? Blood-guiltiness is the name of that horror. And do you know how it is atoned for? I shrink to ask further, yea, even to think further; for horror falls upon me, and I see the unspeakable.

“To-day, battling against you allies of the swarms of Muscovites, we Europeans are battling also for that France which you are threatening-you, not we!"

GERMAN INTELLECTUALS "ALL AFIRE”

"Yes, Romain Rolland, try, Frenchman that you are, to look into the mysteries of the time. Ask yourself, marvel, how it comes to pass that we, the Intellectuals among the Germans, take part without exception in this dreadful war; take part with body and soul. None of us ambitious, none of us a politician, not one of us who, till this war, busied himself about anything except his idea, the Palladium of his life! And now we are all afire, with all our hearts, with our whole people, all full of determina

tion and prepared for the last. All our youth in the field, every man among us thrilled with faith in our God and this battle of our God, every man among us conscious of the sacred necessity that has driven us, every man among us consecrated for timely death! Are these incendiaries? Are these slaves, whom a despot points the way to the rolling dead? Every one knows it is our all that it at stake; it is a matter of the divine in humanity, a matter of our preservation and that of Europe.

"And so we stand amid death and ruins under the Star-one Federation, one single Union. This I have had to tell you, whether you will listen to it, whether Europe has ears to hear it, or not. From now on, may our deeds be our words!"

Harnack's address ought to be reserved for special study. Harnack is the foremost authority in the world on the Life of Christ, and he is also a theologian of importance. There is about his address a time-serving flavour. It is the speech of the habitual courtier; though in this instance he is courting Americans. These things make us wonder how far and how deeply Sunday-School learning ever penetrates a man's real inner character.

GERMANY AND THE PRESENT WAR. AN APPEAL TO

AMERICANS

[Professor von Harnack, born in 1851 at Dorpat, began his academic career at the University of Leipsic in 1874. In

1876 he was transferred as professor to the University of Giessen, in 1886 to the University of Marburg, and in 1888, to the University of Berlin, of whose many-sided intellectual life he has long been one of the chief ornaments as professor of church history. Professor von Harnack has received almost 、every civil and academic honour that could possibly be paid to him. He holds many important public positions, including those of General Director of the Royal Library of Berlin and President of the Kaiser Wilhelm Association for Research. No man in Germany and no scholar in all the world is more honoured than Professor Harnack.']

Citizens of the United States, Ladies and Gentlemen: I deem it a pleasure as well as an honour to be allowed to address you to-day after the speech of our revered Oberburgermeister.

Let me begin with a personal reminiscence: Just ten years ago I was in the United States, and I have brought back from there unforgettable impressions. Which of these was the strongest?— Not the roaring falls of Niagara, not the wonderful entrance into the harbour of New York with its gigantic buildings, not the immense exposition at St. Louis in its proud greatness, not the splendid universities of Harvard and Columbia, nor the Congressional Library at Washington-all these are works either of the technical sciences or of nature and cannot arouse our highest admiration, or make on us the deepest impression. What was the deepest impression? It was two-fold: first, the great work of the American nation as such, and then American hospitality. The great work of the American nation is the nation itself!

1 An address delivered at a German-American meeting held in the Berlin City Hall, August 11, 1914.

From the smallest beginnings the American nation has been developing for two hundred years into a world nation of more than a hundred million souls; a whole continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, from the Great Lakes to the West Indies has not merely been occupied by it but civilized; but not merely civilized: all that immigrated into its territory, this nation has assimilated with an indescribable power and consolidated into the union of a great noble nation of "educated men." History has never seen the like before; after two or at the most, three generations-whoever may come they are all assimilated into the American body and into the American spirit. And this is done without petty regulations, without the cooperation of the police. Into the solid framework of this people every national trait fits itself willingly, without coercion, becomes American and yet retains its peculiarity. The world never before saw such a spectacle; but it is going on before our eyes continuously, and everybody hears and sees the fact that every immigrant after a short time joyfully confesses: "America is now my fatherland!" and yet does not only not forget the old country, but undisturbed maintains his connection with it. Yes, this is the expression of a national strength coupled with liberty that cannot easily be imitated elsewhere. But to proceed: among those who emigrated to your country, there are millions of Germans, a couple of millions. For more than a

hundred years they have been going—where shall I begin?-in the days of Steuben or of Karl Schurz? but why should I enumerate names? They were all received as brothers, they brought their best

and they left behind their best. That is all I can say. And furthermore, what sort of spirit was it that seized them? On every one of them it has imprinted its stamp outwardly and inwardly. I shall have to say a few more words about this spirit later. For the present I will only say this: It is the spirit of civic courage and of civic liberty. And out of this union there arose before me during my stay in America an immense homogeneous product as the work of this nation. In this work every individual is taking a hand; it is work done in agriculture, in engineering, and-we at the German universities have known it for decades-an extraordinary amount of work done also in science. And this work is being done in a mixture, unknown. to us in Europe, in a mixture of good old wisdom inherited from the history of Europe and a youthful courage, I might almost say a childlike spirit. The union of these two of this old world wisdom and this youthful courage-which I have met everywhere, and which has left its mark on the American work is what I have admired.

And the second was American hospitality. Like a warm current of air this hospitality met me and my friends everywhere. Wherever we stood or walked we breathed the air of this friendship. Yes, it almost made us lose our will-power because it anticipated every plan, every care. Like parcels of friendship we were sent from place to place, from one city to another, like good friends, as if we had known each other always. Well, that was an experience, for which we all-and who of us Germans that crossed the ocean has not experienced it— for which we all, I say, shall always be grateful.