Germany. Undoubtedly the German invasion in Belgium served England as a welcome pretext to openly declare her hostility. In reality, before the German invasion, already the neutrality of Belgium had been given up in favour of the French. It has been officially stated, e. g., that not only before but also after the outbreak of the war French officers have been at Liège in order to instruct the Belgian soldiers as to the fortification service. England's complaints of the violation of international law, however, are the most atrocious hypocrisy and the vilest Pharisaism. At all times English politics have unscrupulously disregarded all forms of law as soon as their own interest was touched. During the last few weeks the same method has been quite sufficiently manifested in the unlawful capture of the Turkish warships, and still more so in the instigation of the Japanese to undertake the detestable raid upon the German territory in China, which needs must end in strengthening the power of that Mongolian nation at the costs of Europeans and Americans.

How is it possible for a nation that in such a way has betrayed precious interests of Western culture as soon as it seems to benefit them, how is it possible for these accomplices of the Japanese robbery to put on the air of being the guardians of morality?

We Germans did not want this war, but as it has been forced upon us we shall carry it on bravely and vigorously. In the face of all envy and hatred, all brutality and hypocrisy, Germany feels unshakably conscious of serving a righteous cause and of standing up for the preservation of her national self, as well as for sacred goods of humanity; indeed,

for the very progress of true culture. It is from this conviction that she draws her unrelenting force and the absolute certainty that she will beat back the assault of all her enemies. This conviction does not stand in need of any encouragement from abroad; our country absolutely relies upon itself and confides in the strength of its right.

Nevertheless, the idea of our American friends' thoughts and sympathies being with us gives us a strong feeling of comfort in this gigantic struggle. We both of us feel especially justified in pronouncing this as being the conviction of all German scientists, as so many scientific and personal relations connect us both with the universities of America. These universities know what German culture means to the world, so we trust they will stand by Germany.

RUDOLF EUCKEN,
ERNST HAECKEL.

JENA, Aug. 31, 1914.

The chief impression that we get from both of these letters is one of bad temper. The spirit and the imagery of the letters are those of a horrid little boy in the street who throws stones at a man he dislikes and calls him names. Doctor Lenard of Heidelberg is another of the immortal Ninetythree. I judge that he must be a man of importance in Germany.

The following is from the New York Herald of October 5th:

[Special Cable to the Herald]
Herald Bureau,

No. 130 Fleet Street,
London, Sunday.

Dr. Lenard, professor of physics at Heidelberg, has issued a violent pamphlet against England, entitled England and Germany at the Time of the Great War. The concluding passages, taken from the Hamburger Fremdenblatt, are sufficient to quote: 'As regards the battlefields which surround us on every side, they must not-now that the sword has been pressed into our hands with so much criminality and arrogance become quiet until England, the chief originator of all this, has been so humiliated as is only possible for us to achieve. It is part of the art of war to inflict upon the enemy all those evils which he has set out to inflict upon us, including complete destruction.

"Down, then, with all consideration for England's so-called culture! The central nest and supreme academy for all hypocrisy in the world, which is on the Thames, must be destroyed if the work is to be done thoroughly. No respect for the tombstones of Shakespeare, Newton, and Faraday! The spirit of these great men has long ago passed into the souls of the living-and more so in those countries which England is trying to put down than in England itself. Down with all this! We must realize that there can be no real peace with a highway man until he has collapsed or has been destroyed.

"Only an England thoroughly altered, improved, bettered and then matured and ripened for pacific co-operation in every domain-only such an England, or else one destroyed, will permit the nations

of the world to proceed in peace in their advancement. Indeed, the idea of honesty, that supreme principle of men, is running the risk of going down. It is being violated by modern England systematically. The struggle upon which we have entered is therefore something more than even a struggle for the existence and honour of the Fatherland; it is a crusade for the assertion of honesty on earth!"

It will be remembered that Romain Rolland, the French novelist, wrote a long letter to the German poet, Hauptmann, begging Hauptmann to declare his disapproval of the destruction of Louvain. The following is Hauptmann's reply. It is from the New York Times of October 11th:

HAUPTMANN TO ROLLAND

GERMAN POET RETORTS FIERCELY TO ARRAIGNMENT OF THE FATHERLAND

In reply to a letter written to him by Romain Rolland, the French author, reproaching him with the warfare carried on by the Germans against the historic monuments of Belgium and France, Gerhart Hauptmann, the poet and leader of German thought, has written a letter full of fierce resentment of what the Germans consider misrepresentation of the war's causes in foreign lands and of the wrath of conviction of the justice of the German cause. The letter which appears in the Vossische Zeitung, reads as follows:

"You address me, Herr Rolland, in public words

which breathe the pain of this war (forced by Russia, England, and France), pain over the endangering of European culture and the destruction of hallowed memorials of ancient art. I share in this general sorrow. What I cannot consent to is to give an answer whose spirit you have already prescribed and concerning which you wrongly assert that it is awaited by all Europe. I know that you are of German blood. Your beautiful novel JeanChristophe, will remain immortal among us Germans, together with Wilhelm Meister, and Der grüne Heinrich.

"France became your adopted Fatherland; therefore your heart must now be torn-and your judgment confused. You have worked with zeal for the reconciliation of both peoples. In spite of this, now when the bloody quarrel has destroyed your fair concept of peace, as it has so many others, you regard our nation and our people through French eyes, and every attempt to make you see clearly from the German point of view, is absolutely certain to be in vain.

"Naturally, everything you say of our Government, our army, our people, is distorted; everything is false; so false that in this respect your open letter seems to me a blank and empty surface. War is war. You may lament war, but must not wonder at things which are inseparable from this elemental consideration. Assuredly, it is tragic when, in the hand-to-hand confusion of conflict, an irreplaceable Rubens is destroyed; but-with all honour to Rubens-I am of those in whom the shattered breast of his brother compels a far deeper pain.

"And, Herr Rolland, it does no good for you to