thwarted by his principal affociates, particularly by Sir P. Hume and Sir John Cockrane; the Narrative of Sir P. Hume, on the contrary, reprefents the Earl as injudicious in forming his plans, and generally obftinate in his adherence to them as wavering when he fhould have been refolute, and pertinacious when a change of circumftances required an alteration of fyftem. This, at leaft, is the impreffion which the authentic and apparently accurate narrative of Sir Patrick, has made upon us. One important fact, related by Mr. Fox, is completely contradicted by the Narrative. We will give the two paffages in the words of the refpective writers,

“When,” (fay's Mr. Fox,) "the fmall remains of this illfated army got together at Kilpatrick, a place far diftant from their deftination, its number was reduced to lefs than five hun dred. Argyle had loft all authority; nor indeed, had he retained any, does it appear that he could now have used it to any falutary purpofe. The fame bias which had influenced the two parties in the time of better hopes, and with regard to their early operations, ftill prevailed, now that they were driven to their laft extremity. Sir P. Hume, and Sir J. Cockrane would not ftay even to reafon the matter with him whom, at the onset of their expedition, they had engaged to obey, but croffed the Clyde, with fuch as would follow them, to the number of about two hundred, into Renfrewthire."

The Narrative of Sir P. Hume, reprefents the translation (fo far at leaft as he himfelf was concerned) in the following very different manner :

"Next morning, being Thurfday, June 18, we came back to Kilpatrick, not above 500 men in all, fadly wearied; foone as I got down the hill, very faint & weary, I tooke the first alehoufe and quickly ate a bit of bread, and took a drink, and imediately went to fearch out the Erle; but I met Sir John, with others accompanieing him; who, takeing mee by the hand, turned mee, faying my heart goe you with mee: Whither goe you faid I over Clide by boate faid he: I, wher is Argyle? I muft fee him: He, he is gone away to his owne countrey, you cannot fee him: I, how comes this change of refolution, and that wee went not together to Glafgow? He, It is no time to anfwer questions, but I fhall fatisfy you afterward. To the boates wee came, filled 2 and rowed over; but a good troop of horfe on Afkine Green waited our landing, and came as near the water as they could draw up to fire on us; & planted fome foot men and firelocks, he hind fome dry boates lying on the fhoar: yet they wounded only one man. Wee fhot hard among them, beat the men from their dry boates, wounded and killed horfes, and made the reit well in diforder

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diforder; fo they marched away. Wee ftay'd till fuch as wer to come over came over, in all about 100 men ; then wee marched to a place to dine which I knew not; Sir John was bufie, caufing get horfes taken, to help fome of us in our march; and an honeft. gentleman who was prefent, told mee the manner of his parting with the Erle: Argyle being in the roome with Sir John, the gentleman coming in, found confufion in the Erle's countenance and fpeach; in end he faid, Sir John, I pray advife mee what fhall I doe; fhall I goe over Clide with you, or fhall I goe to my owne countrey? Sir John anfwered, my Lord, I have told you my opinion; you have fome Highlanders here about you, it is beft you goe to your owne countrey with them, for it is to no purpose for you to go over Clide: My Lord, faire you well; then call'd the gentleman, come away Sir; who followed him when I met with him." P. P. 63.

Comparing the two foregoing paffages, we deem it but candid to believe the circumftantial statement by Sir P. Hume of his own conduct, in preference to the account given by Mr. Fox from Woodrow; who probably derived it from hearfay alone; and, although it was natural, in the fituation of Argyle, to confider thofe of his friends who had diffented from his measures as the chief caufe of his misfortune (and we therefore fuppofe the blanks in his letter might be filled with the names of Hume and Cockrane) yet the impartial judgment of pofterity will acquit from the charges of "cowardice, ignorance, and faction," the character of Sir P. Hume," who," (as Mr. Fox, himfelf has itated) "is proved by the fubfequent events, and indeed by the whole tenor of his life and conduct, to have been uniformly fincere and zealous in the caufe of his country."

Although the primary motive of this publication was the defire of vindicating the ancestor of his revered patron and friend, the Author was naturally led by it to a more general examination of Mr. Fox's work, and has difcuffed, in detail, feveral of the leading principles and opinions contained in it. On the favourite doctrine in that work, that the attainment of abfolute power, and not the eftablifhment of his own religion, was the primary object of James the fecond, he agrees entirely with us, and (as we believe) with every one who has attentively and impartially obferved the events of thofe times; nay, even the documents produced by Mr. Fox himfelf. On this part of the fubject, it is not neceflary for us to expatiate further than to fay, that it is (in our opinion) both ably and fatisfactorily treated in the work before us.

We also agree with the Author in condemning the fentiments of Mr. Fox, on the execution of King Charles the

firft, and his acrimonious Philippic on the character and conduct of General Monk; moft of his imputations on that reftorer of legitimate Monarchy, refting on ill-conceived opinions, or facts of very doubtful authenticity.

But the fubject on which (we conceive) this author has moft evinced his accuracy of conception and foundness of judg ment, is that in which he opposes an opinion of Mr. Fox, very fpecious in itself, and derived from the refpectable authority of Blackftone, namely, that "the æra of perfection in the British Conftitution, was during the latter years of King Charles the fecond."-At the commencement of our studies in this line we ourselves were startled at this opinion of our revered Mafter. It is eagerly feized by Mr. Fox, as coinciding with his views and principles. But we think Mr. Rofe has shown that it is founded on a partial view of the Conftitution; fince, although many excellent laws had then been enacted, there wanted due fecurities for the obfervance of them. These fecurities confift in the independence of the Judges, and the neceflity which now exifts for the frequent and regular meeting of Parliament.

To purfue thefe "Obfervations," through all the details into which they are branched, would far exceed our limits. Suffice it to fay, that the work may, upon the whole, be juftly characterized as an able, and (we think) an impartial "Review," of Mr. Fox's Hiftory; including much novel and interefting information upon the fubjects which are there difcuffed, and, though adverfe to many of the doctrines, and correcting feveral errors, in the work of that diftinguished statesman, invariably treating his memory with delicacy and respect.-Attached to our conftitutional monarchy, the Author proves himfelf equally the friend of public liberty; nor is he lefs fevere on the tyrannic measures that characterized the two laft reigns of the Stuart family, and the corrupt fubferviency of thofe Monarchs to the views of France, than Mr. Fox himfelf: although he differs from Mr. Fox's opinion, that both Kings were equally actuated by the fame primary object, the eftablifhment of defpotic power. That fome few of the writer's inferences (and thofe of the leaft importance) are fomewhat questionable, that a more perfect method might have been obferved; that the matter, however important, might have been more condensed, and the language more accurately polished, may perhaps be dif covered by the microfcopic eye of hoftile criticifun. But this is not (and we hope never will be) the criterion by which we estimate a laborious and important work. If the candour, and good fenfe of Englishmen are not extinguished

in the delightful enjoyments of feverity and fatire, the dili gent investigation which this refpectable writer has pursued, and the conftitutional principles which he has maintained, will fecure to him the efleem and applaufe of his country.

ART. IX. Sermons, and Extracts, by Edmund Outram, D. D. Public Orator of the University of Cambridge, and Rector of Wootton-Rivers, Wilts. I. Two Sermons. 1. On the Increase of Separatifls. c. Preached at the primary Vifitation of the Lord Bishop of Salisbury, 1808, and publifhed by Defire of his Lordship and the Clergy. 2. On laying the Foundation-Stone of Downing College. Preached before the University, and published by Defire of the Vice-Chancellor, Heads of Houfes, and other Members of the Senate. II. Extracts; illuftrative of the Opinions, Pretenfions, and Designs of those who have of late, either wholly or in part, deferted the Established Church; made chiefly from the Writings of Arminian and Calviniftic Methodists. 8vo. pp. 365. 8s. 6d. Deighton, Cambridge; Cadell and Co. London.

1809.

OF the many difcourfes which have come before us, on the fubject of our prefent Ecclefiaftical divifions, we have not seen any one, which, in our opinion, more usefully confiders that important fubject than the firft of the two Sermons here announced. Dr. Outram attributes the peculiar views of fome of thefe contending parties, to a propenfity very prevalent among men, "to dwell upon fome particular texts, in preference to the reft of the facred volume;" a propenfity fufficiently accounted for by the peculiarities of principles, fentiments, and tempers belonging to different men: peculiarities, which are either natural, or derived from circumftances and fituations. His inftances. are so chosen as to fhow both the excefs, or partial view, and the correction of that excefs or partiality, on moft of the points at iffue between the Church of England, and thofe who feparate from her. He proves, by due comparifon, that the texts which affert our falvation by Grace alone, ought not to make us forget those which demand our active co-operation. He fhows, in like manner, how, from "a mistaken notion of the extent of human depravity, occafioned by an overflrained interpretation of Rom. iii. 14, 15, has arifen the falfe idea that the Holy Spirit calls men

"by

He

"by an irrevocable deftiny, and without regard to any natural difpofition, qualification, or co-operation.' points out the dangerous errors of the Papifts, with regard to works, the oppofite errors of fome reformers in oppofing them, and the moderation of our Church between both, which he exemplifies from her prayers and offices.

Nothing can be clearer than the whole of these statements and deductions, which are followed by an explanation of the points, in which the principal feparatifts of this day depart from this foher doctrine of the Church; an explanation which is confirmed, at every ftep, by reference to the extracts from their writings, collected in the latter part of

the volume.

"Seventy years," he fays, "have now elapfed, fince thefe opinions began to be inculcated with unwearied diligence, and unquestionable fuccefs. There was nothing new in the opinions. themfelves (for there is fcarcely a precept or doctrine of Chriftianity, which had not before been carried beyond its proper bounds) but the manner in which they were brought forward and propagated was new. For they were brought forward and propagated by men, who not only were regular Clergymen of the Eftablished Church, but profeffed the utmoft veneration for her Liturgy, and the strictest conformity to her Articles: by men, who having thus obtained the confidence of their hearers, that were ftill attached to her interefts, infufed into their minds perfuafions hoftile to her minifters, and irreconcileable with her doctrines; urged them to thofe extremes of difcontent, or of error, where a feparation from her walls, whether approved or difcountenanced by themfelves, became inevitable; encouraged them in their difaffection, or feceffion, by undifguifed violations of her difcipline, and ufurpations of her authority; inftructed them to make new converts among her members, by introducing themselves, as friends to her profperity; and to undermine her ftrength, by cautiously distinguishing between her ancient venetable inftitutions, and her fuppofed modern corruptions; between her people, whom they were every where to commiferate, and her priefts, whom they were loudly to condemn. It is our duty to fpeak with candour and correctnefs of all men, and more efpe tially of those who differ from us on points of religion. But it was not poffible for the generality of the clergy to view thefe proceedings in the favourable light of fair and open hoftility; or to expect, that the conduct, either of the men themselves, who had thus marked their career, or of thofe who might teach under fuch aufpices, would not abound with the strongest features of fectarian animofity, and ambitious zeal. Accordingly, we find them adopting every expedient that could be devifed, for the purpose of increafing their own influence, and degrading other

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teachers