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IV. DISTINCTION OF EMPHASIS.

Emphasis may be divided into two kinds, antithetic or relative emphasis, and absolute emphasis.

Antithetic emphasis is applied to words that indicate contrast of ideas: Absolute emphasis is used to show the importance of a single word or to express feeling, emotion, or passion.

The degree of emphasis to be applied to words may be considered as slight, moderate, or strong.

V. EXAMPLES OF ANTITHETIC EMPHASIS.

1. He is not a friend but an enemy.
2. He raised a mórtal to the skies.
She drew an angel dòwn.

3. To be or not to be-that is the question.
4. I come to búry Cæsar, not to praise him.
5. As for me, give me liberty or give me death.
6. You cannot dó wrong without suffering wrong.
7. He that cannot béar a jest should not make one.
8. I said my father, not my móther.

9. Tálent is power; táct is skill.
10. After the snów, the emerald leaves,
After the harvest, golden shèaves.

11. He spoke for education, not against it.

12. The clerk, in letting Scrooge's nephew out, had let two other people in.

13. Put not your trust in money, but put your money in trust.

14. The noblest mind the best contentment has.

15. Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar. 16. Give every man thine éar, but few thy voice. 17. Take each man's cénsure, but reserve thy judgment.

18. COMPENSATION.

Polárity, or áction and réaction, we meet in every part of nature-in dárkness and light; in heat and cold; in the ebb and flow of waters; in male and female; in the inspiration and expiration of plánts and ànimals; in the equation of quántity and quality in the fluids of the animal body; in the sýstole and diastole of the hèart; in the undulations of flúids and of sòund; in the centrífugal and centripetal gravity; in electricity, gálvanism, and chemical affinity. Superinduce magnetism at one end of a needle, the opposite magnetism takes place at the other end. If the south attracts, the north repèls. To empty here, you must condense thère. An inevitable dùalism bisects nature, so that each thing is a hùlf and suggests another thing to make it whole; as, spírit, màtter; mán, wòman; ódd, èven; súbjective, òbjective; in, dut; úpper, under; mótion, rèst; yéa, này.

All things are double, óne against another-tít for tàt; an eye for an eye; a tooth for a tooth; blood for blood; méasure for measure; love for love. Give and it shall be given you. He that wátereth shall be watered hìmself. What will you have? quoth God; pay for it and take it. Nothing vénture, nothing hàve. Thou shalt be paid exactly for what thou hast donc, no móre, no lèss. Who doth not work shall not eat.

VI. EXAMPLES OF ABSOLUTE EMPHASIS.

EMERSON.

Absolute emphasis is applied to words according to their importance in the sentence, or according to the degree of emotion or passion to be expressed. When words are repeated for the purpose of intensifying emotion, each successive repetition is more forcibly emphasized. 1. It was a turkey! He never could have stood upon his légs, that bird. He would have snapped 'em short off in a minute, like sticks of sealing-wax.

2. What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have?

3. "Revenge! revenge!" the Saxons cried.

4. Then rose the terrible cry of fìre! fíre! fìre ! 5. We must fight; I repeat it, sir, we must fìght! 6. "To arms! to arms! to arms!" they cry. 7. Happy, happy, happy páir!

None but the brave,

None but the brave,

None but the bráve deserves the fair!

8. CHRISTMAS CAROL.

"Why, bless my soul!" cried Fred, "who's that?" "It's I. Your uncle Scrooge. I have come to dinner. Will you let me in, Fred?"

Let him in! It is a mercy he did n't shake his arm óff. He was at home in five minutes. Nothing could be heartier. His niece looked just the same. So did Topper, when he cáme. So did the plump sister, when shě cáme. So did every one when they cáme. Wonderful párty, wonderful games, wonderful unanimity, wonderful happiness!

9. GRANDMOTHER'S STORY OF BUNKER-HILL BATTLE.

DICKENS.

Then we cried, "The troops are routed! they are beat— it can't be doubted!

God be thanked, the fight is over!"--Ah! the grim old soldier's smile!

Tell us, TELL us why you look so? (we could hardly speak we shook so.)

"Are they beaten? áre they béaten? àre they beaten?" "Wait awhile."

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And we shout, "At last they're done for; it's the barges they have rùn for:

They are beaten! bèaten! BEATEN! and the battle's

over now."

HOLMES.

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But whatever may be our fate, be assured-be assured that this declaration will stand. It may cost treasure, and it may cost blood; but it will stand, and it will richly compensate for both. Through the thick gloom of the présent, I see the brightness of the fúture, as the sùn in heaven. We shall make this a glòrious, an immortal day. When we are in our gràves, our children will honor it. They will celebrate it with thanksgiving, with festivity, with bonfires, and illuminations. On its annual return, they will shed tears, còpious, gushing tears; not of subjection and slávery, not of agony and distréss, but of exultation, of gratitude, and of jòy.

My judgment approves this measure, and my whole heart is in it. All that I have, and all that I am, and all that I hope in this life, I am now ready here to stake upon it; and I leave off as I began, that, live or die, survive or pèrish, I am for the declaration.

11. UNCLE TOBY.

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WEBSTER.

'In a fortnight or three weeks," said my uncle Toby, smiling, "he might màrch." He will never march, an' please your honor, in this world," said the corporal. "He will march," said my uncle Tóby, rising up with one shoe off. "An' please your honor," said the corporal, "he will never march but to his grave." "He shall march," cried my uncle Toby; "he shall march to his régiment." "He can not stand it," said the corporal. "He shall be supported," said my uncle Toby. "Ah, well-a-day, do what we can for him," said Trim, maintaining his point, "the poor soul will die." "He shall nôt," shouted my uncle Toby, with an oath. The Accusing Spirit which flew up to heaven's chancery, blushed as he gave it in, and the Recording Angel, as he wrote it down, dropped a tear upon the word and blotted it out forever.

STERNE.

SECTION II.

PAUSES.

1. The pauses made in reading or speaking may be classed as grammatical, rhetorical, and emphatic or emotional.

2. Grammatical pauses are those indicated by punctuation; rhetorical pauses are those required by the structure of the sentence, or by emphasis; and emphatic pauses, those expressive of deep feeling or passion.

3. These pauses may be relatively long, moderate, or short, according to the general style of expression appropriate to what is read; but without due attention. to them, it is impossible properly to emphasize prose, or to express the melody of verse.

4. Concerning pauses, Prof. Russell says: "The cessation of the voice at proper intervals has the same effect, nearly, on clauses and sentences with that of articulation on syllables, or of pronunciation on words: it serves to gather up the sounds of the voice into relative portions, and aids in preserving clearness and distinction among them. But what those elementary and organic efforts do for syllables and words-the minor portions of speech-pausing does for clauses, sentences, and entire discourses.

5. "The great use of pauses is to divide thought into its constituent portions, and to leave the mind opportunity of contemplating each distinctly, so as fully to comprehend and appreciate it, and, at the same time, to perceive its relation to the whole. Appropriate pauses are of vast importance, therefore, to a correct and impressive style of delivery; and without them, indeed, speech cannot be intelligible.

6. "Pausing has, further, a distinct office to perform in regard to the effect of feeling as conveyed by utterance. Awe and solemnity are expressed by long cessa

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