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III. MARKINGS OF SUBVOCALS AND ASPIRATES.

ç, çh=s, sh çent, chaişe

$ = Z

iş, roşe

e, eh-k

eake, aehe

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Marked with a macron, thus-a. The equivalents of long a are also included. Avoid prolonging the vanishing e sound, thus-ma-eed for made.

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Marked with two dots, over it, thus―ä.

provincialism of hăf for hälf, lăf for läugh, etc.

Avoid the

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III. The broad sound of a.

Marked with two dots under it, thus-a.. Avoid the two extremes: (1) That of giving a the sound of short o, as ŏll for awl, etc. (2) That of making a equal to two syllables, as aw'ul for all, caw'ul for call, etc.

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Marked with a breve, thus-ă. Avoid giving short a, as in ǎt, the sound of intermediate a, as in åsk, or of Italian a, as in älms. Say and, not ånd; ăn'swer, not

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Avoid the two

Marked with a circumflex, thus-â. extremes: (1) That of giving it the sound of Italian a, as char for châir, thär for thêre, etc. (2) That of long a, as ea'er for eâre, tha'er for thêre, a'er for âir, etc.

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VI. Intermediate a, as in åsk,

Marked with a dot over it, thus-ȧ. This is a medium sound between Italian a and short a. Avoid the two extremes: (1) That of Italian a, as färst for fast, därnçe for dance, etc. (2) That of short a, as ask for åsk, dance for dance, after for åf'ter, etc.

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I. WORDS OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED.

In all these words be careful to give a its intermediate sound as in åsk, not the short sound as in ånd.

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VII. Sound of a as in what.

Marked with a dot under it, thus-a. This sound is

equivalent to short o, as in not.

The word what is

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Marked with a macron, thusē. Long e is one of the three vowel extremes, ä and o being the other two.

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Marked with a breve, thus-ě. Avoid yit for yet, aig

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