Railways Germany, in addition to most favored nation treatment on her railways, agrees to cooperate in the establishment of through ticket services for passengers and baggage; to insure communication by rail between the allied, associated and other states; to allow the construction or improvement within 25 years of such lines as necessary, and to conform her rolling stock to enable its incorporation in trains of the allied or associated powers. She also agrees to accept the denunciation of the St. Gothard convention if Switzerland and Italy so request and temporarily to execute instructions as to the transport of troops and supplies and the establishment of postal and telegraphic service as provided. Tzecho-Slovakia To assure Tzecho-Slovakia access to the sea, special rights are given her both north and south. Toward the Adriatic she is permitted to run her own through trains to Fiume and Trieste. To the north, Germany is to lease her for 99 years spaces in Hamburg and Stettin, the details to be worked out by a commission of three representing Tzecho-Slovakia, Germany and Great Britain. The Kiel Canal The Kiel Canal is to remain free and open to war and merchant ships of all nations at peace with Germany. Subjects, goods and ships of all states are to be treated on terms of absolute equality and no taxes are to be imposed beyond those necessary for upkeep and improvement, for which Germany is to be responsible. In case of violation of or disagreement as to these provisions any state may appeal to the League of Nations and may demand the appointment of an international commission. For preliminary hearing of complaints, Germany shall establish a local authority at Kiel. PART THIRTEEN-LABOR Members of the League of Nations agree to establish a permanent organization to promote international adjustment of labor conditions, to consist of an annual international labor conference and an international labor office. The former is composed of four representatives of each state, two from the government and one each from the employers and the employed. Each of them may vote individually. It will be a deliberative legislative body, its measures taking the form of draft conventions or recommendations for legislation, which if passed by two thirds vote must be submitted to the law-making authority in every state participating. Each government may either enact the terms into law, approve the principles but modify them to local needs, leave the actual legislation in case of a federal state to local legislatures, or reject the convention altogether without further obligation. The international labor office is established at the seat of the League of Nations as part of its organization. It is to collect and distribute information on labor throughout the world, and prepare agenda for the conference. It will publish a periodical in French and English and possibly other languages. Each state agrees to make to it for presentation to the conference an annual report of measures taken to execute accepted conventions. The governing body is its executive. It consists of 24 members, 12 representing the governments, six the employers and six the employees, to serve for three years. On complaint that any government has failed to carry out a convention to which it is a party, the governing body may make inquiries directly to that government, and, in case the reply is unsatisfactory, may publish the complaint with comment. A complaint by one government against another may be referred by the governing body to a commission of inquiry nominated by the secretary-general of the league. If the commission's report fails to bring satisfactory action the matter may be taken to a permanent court of international justice for final decision. The chief reliance for securing enforcement of the law will be publicity with a possibility of economic action in the background. The first meeting of the conference will take place in October, 1919, at Washington, to discuss the eight-hour day or 48-hour week; prevention of unemployment; extension and application of the international conventions adopted at Berne in 1906, prohibiting night work for women and use of white phosphorus in the manufacture of matches; employment of women and children at night or in unhealthy work, employment of women before and after child birth; maternity benefits and employment of children as regards minimum age. Nine principles of labor conditions are recognized on the ground that "the well-being, physical and moral, of the industrial wage-earners is of supreme international importance." With exceptions necessitated by differences of climate, habits, and economic development, they include the guiding principle that labor should not be regarded merely as a commodity or article of commerce; right of association of employers and employees; a wage adequate to maintain a reasonable standard of life; the eight-hour day or 48-hour week; a weekly rest of at least 24 hours, which should include Sunday wherever practicable; abolition of child labor, and assurance of the continuation of the education and proper physical development of children; equal pay for equal work as between men and women; equal treatment of all workers lawfully resident therein, including foreigners; and a system of inspection in which women should take part. PART FOURTEEN-GUARANTEES Western Europe. As a guarantee for the execution of the treaty German territory to the west of the Rhine, together with the bridgeheads, will be occupied by allied and associated troops for 15 years. If the conditions are faithfully carried out by Germany, certain districts, including the bridgehead of Cologne, will be evacuated at the expiration of five years. Certain other districts, including the bridgehead of Coblenz and the territories nearest the Belgian frontier will be evacuated after ten years, and the remainder, including the bridgehead of Mainz, will be evacuated after 15 years. In case the interallied reparation commission finds that Germany has failed to observe the whole or part of her obligations, either during the occupation or after the 15 years have expired, the whole or part of the areas specified will be reoccupied immediately. If before the expiration of the 15 years Germany complies with all the treaty undertakings, the occupying forces will be withdrawn immediately. Eastern Europe. All German troops at present in territories to the east of the new frontier shall return as soon as the allied and associated governments deem wise. They are to abstain from all requisitions and are in no way to interfere with measures for national defense taken by the government concerned. All questions regarding occupation not provided for by the treaty will be regulated by a subsequent convention or conventions which will have similar force and effect. PART FIFTEEN-MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS Germany agrees to recognize the full validity of the treaties of peace and additional conventions to be concluded by the allied and associated powers with the powers allied with Germany, to agree to the decision to be taken as to the territories of Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and Turkey, and to recognize the new states in the frontiers to be fixed for them. Germany agrees not to put forward any pecuniary claims against any allied or associated powers signing the present treaty based on events previous to the coming into force of the treaty. Germany accepts all decrees as to German ships and goods made by any allied or associated prize court. The Allies reserve the right to examine all decisions of German prize courts. The present treaty, of which the French and British texts are both authentic, shall be ratified and the depositions or ratifications made in Paris as soon as possible. The treaty is to become effective in all respects for each power on the date of deposition of its ratification. CONTENTS CAPITAL, LABOR AND THE PUBLIC... Remarks by President Boynton Report of Section on Industrial Relations, Chairman Rettenmayer.. The Interest of Labor, Wm. T. Bonsor.... The Interest of Capital, Fred C. Metcalf.. The Interest of the Public, John Francis Neylan.. Remarks by Charles Wesley Reed.... W. V. Stafford George L. Dillman Norman Lombard Geo. E. Crothers H. P. Vollmer H. Weinstock Paul Scharrenberg C. C. Boynton W. W. Beatty Raymond Perry John A. O'Connell APPENDIX-Statement by R. S. Gray. OFFICERS OF THE CLUB President.... Vice-President.. Secretary..... Treasurer.. Chairman Executive Committee.. Executive Secretary...... GOVERNORS PAGE .329-366 330 330 335 339 345 352 353 354 355 357 358 359 361 362 362 363 364 366 ALBERT E. BOYNTON ..C. E. GRUNSKY ..GRANT H. SMITH . JOHN P. YOUNG .T. D. BOARDMAN .E. A. WALCOTT EDWARD F. ADAMS, T. D. BOARDMAN, Frank P. DEERING, BEVERLY L. HODGHEAD, EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE T. D. BOARDMAN, Chairman FRANK P. DEERING, BEVERLY L. HODGHEAD, J. M. KEPNER, GRANT H. SMITH The President and Vice-President are ex-officio members of all committees. Communications should be addressed to the Secretary, Room 402, 153 Kearny Street, San Francisco. Following the Club meeting of May 1919, at which the Section on Industrial Relations reported on its investigations, (see Transactions Vol. XIV, No. 5, "Employer and Employee") the questions were referred back to the Section for further investigation. At the Club meeting of August 21, 1919, the Section offered a further report covering the question "Who are the parties to industry and what are their respective interests?" The general report of the Section was presented by the Chairman, J. P. Rettenmayer. The prepared statements were then made by the following: For Labor-William T. Bonsor, President San Francisco Labor Council. For Capital-Fred C. Metcalf, Secretary California Metal Trades Association. For the Public-John Francis Neylan, Publisher San Francisco Call. Following the prepared reports the question was thrown open to discussion from the floor, and the members showed a desire to discuss the responsibility for the advancing costs of living. The following members and guests spoke: Chas. Wesley Reed, W. V. Stafford, George L. Dillman, Norman Lombard, George E. Crothers, H. P. Vollmer, H. Weinstock, Paul Scharrenberg, C. C. Boynton, W. W. Beatty, Raymond Perry, John A. O'Connell. The question then went back to the Section on Industrial Relations for further investigation. |