Imágenes de páginas
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§ 9. Standard Marks Gained from Ordinary Children in the Tes

WE have now a series of exact measurements of these defectiv in a number of traits. Of course the very fact that in some of th mental tests the idiots showed some ability and in others faile utterly to sense the situation, is of itself interesting. However, t main value of such measurements will lie in a comparison of t standing of the idiots with that reached by children in general the same tests. In order to make this comparison these measu ments were obtained from ordinary individuals to the number several hundred. The testing was not all done by myself. Profess Thorndike gave tests 1, 2, 3, 4 and 11; but as he gave them in pr tically the same way that I had given them to the defectives, results are comparable. Tests 5, 6, 13 and 14 I gave to normal cl dren myself. The standards for the physical measurements I tained from other sources as shown later.

In finding the central tendency for ordinary children in th various measurements the median was used in each case. medians, with their probable errors of distribution, were obtai from the actual records of the children for intervals a year af and the differences divided proportionally between the interver eleven months, so that a scale was formed for each measuren showing the ability of children of any month-age in terms of me and probable error. In measurements of height, weight, p memory and efficiency of perception the records of the boys and

girls had to be kept separate because of the differences due to sex. Separate standards were thus made in some cases for sex as well as for age. But in the remainder of the tests, the ability of the two sexes being approximately equal, the same standard was used.1

In some of the measurements I could not obtain enough records from school children over thirteen to make the standards of median and probable error reliable. In those cases, as I had records from adults, I followed the general trend of the curve and filled in the standards for the ages fourteen, fifteen and sixteen. This is especially true of the intelligence tests.

The standards for the various measurements are given in Tables VI. to XXII. inclusive. Those in italics represent the standards for boys and those in Roman for girls. In most cases the medians are given for intervals of half a year; the others may be obtained by interpolation.

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1Educational Psychology, E. L. Thorndike, page 117.

1 Measurements of Boston school children.

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