self or her family. Another ludicrous manifestation of his jealousy occurred at an Academy dinner when one of the company was uttering some witticisms which excited mirth, Goldsmith begged those who sat near him not to laugh, "for in truth he thought it would make the man vain." He openly confessed that he was of an envious disposition; and Boswell maintained that he had no more of it than other people, but only talked of it more freely. All are agreed that it never embittered his heart; that it entirely spent itself in occasional outbreaks; and that he was utterly incapable of a steady rancor, or of doing an action which could hurt any man living. He once proposed to muster a party to damn Home's play" The Fatal Discovery, alleging for his reason "that such fellows ought not to be encouraged;" but this, says Davies, was "a transient thought, which, upon the least check, he would have immediately renounced, and as heartily joined to support the piece he had before devoted to destruction." Such were the foibles which shaded the higher qualities of this whimsical being, and which must find the readier belief that most of those who record his eccentricities appear to have felt kindly towards him, and could certainly not have conspired to fasten upon him a fictitious character which was so little in keeping with his genius.

Washington Irving expresses his belief that far from being displeased that his weaknesses should be remembered, he would be gratified to hear the reader shut the volume which contained his history with the ejaculation POOR GOLDSMITH! In our opinion nothing would be more distasteful to him. He had higher aspirations, a more heroic ambition. But what would have delighted him would have been to hear Johnson pronounce in oracular tones that "he deserved a place in Westminister Abbey, and every year he lived would have deserved it better;" to read in the epitaph which his great friend prepared for his monument, "that he was of a genius sublime, lively and versatile, that there was no species of writing that he had left untried, and that he treated nothing which he did not adorn;" to find posterity confirming the sentence and ranking him as the worthy peer of the illustrious men whose fame he emulated, and whom he needlessly envied; to see that his works were among the most popular of British classics, that everything connected with him possessed an undying interest for mankind, that all the minutest incidents of his career had engaged the anxious researches

was closed by the elaborate volumes of Mr. Forster. "Tread lightly on his ashes, ye men of genius, for he was your kinsman; weed his grave clean, ye men of goodness, for he was your brother."

In adding one more to the many sketches of Goldsmith's life we have not done justice to the very able and interesting Biography from which we have drawn our materials. His history is there illustrated with a fulness which may even be thought excessive, for the era in which his lot was cast, and the eminent men with whom he associated in his later years, are largely described in conjunction with himself. In intrinsic interest these episodes are inferior to no other portion of the book, and the very notes are a storehouse of wit and wisdom culled from the writings and sayings of the contemporaries of Goldsmith. The central figure of the piece is drawn with equal ability and truth, and with no more extenuation of his infirmities than is due to the frailties of a common humanity. But Mr. Forster had a wider object than the mere exhibition of the life and adventures of an individual. He wished through the example of Goldsmith to plead the cause of literature with the world, and we are anxious to give currency to the concluding pages in which he sums up the scope and moral of his admirable work:

This book has been written to little purpose, if the attention can be attributed to it of claiming for the literary man either more money than is proportioned to the work he does by the appreciation it commands, or immunity from those conditions of prudence, industry and a knowledge of the multiplication table, which are inseparable from success in all other walks of life. But, with a design far other than that, one object of it has been to show that the very character of the writer's calling, by the thoughts which he creates by the emotions he is able to inspire, by the happiness he may extend to distant generations, so far places him on a different level from the tradesman, merchant, lawyer, or physician, who has his wares and merchandise or advice to sell, that, whereas in the latter case the service is as indefinite as the reward due to it, in the former a balance must be always left, which only time can adjust fairly. In the vast majority of cases, too, even the attempt at adjustment is not made until the tuneful tongue is silent, and the ear deaf to praise; nor, much as the extension of the public of readers has done to diminish the probabilities of a writer's suffering, are the chances of his lot bettered even yet, in regard to that fair and full reward. Another object of this book has therefore been to point out that literature ought long ago to have received from the state an amount of recognition which would at least have placed its highest cultivators on a level with other and not worthier recipients of its

gratitude. The best offices of service to a state are those in which thinkers are required, and, more than many of its lawyers, more than all class of men of letters and science are competent its soldiers, it is in such offices that the higher to assist. Yet, if any one would measure the weight of contempt and neglect that now presses down such service, let him compare the deeds for which an English parliament ordinarily bestows its thanks, its peerages, and its pensions, with the highest grade of honor or reward that it has ever vouchsafed to the loftiest genius, the highest distinction in literature, the greatest moral or mechanical achievement, by which not simply England has been benefited and exalted, but the whole human race... Partly because of the sordid ills that attended authorship in such days as have been described in these volumes, partly from the fact that it is a calling daily entered by men whom neither natural gifts nor laborious acquirements entitle to success in it, the belief is still very common that to be an author is to be a kind of vagrant, picking up subsistence as he can, a loaf to-day, a crumb to-morrow, and that to such a man no special signification of respect in social life can possibly be paid. Nor, in marking thus the low account and general disesteem of their calling, are the literary class themselves to be exempted from blame. "It were well," said Goldsmith, on one occassion, with bitter truth, “if none but the dunces of society were combined to render the profession of an author ridiculous or unhappy." The profession themselves have yet to learn the secret of co-operation; they have to put away internal jealousies; they have to claim for themselves, as poor Goldsmith after his fashion very loudly did, that defined position from which greater respect, and more frequent consideration in public life, could not long be withheld; in fine, they have frankly to feel that their vocation, properly regarded, ranks with the worthiest, and that on all occasions to do justice to it, and to each other, is the way to obtain justice from the world. If writers had been thus true to themselves, the subject of copyright might have been equitably settled when attention was first drawn to it, but, while De Foe was urging the author's claim, Swift was calling De Foe a fellow that had been pilloried, and we have still to discuss as in formâ pauperis the rights of the English author. Confiscation is a hard word, but it is the word which alone describes fairly the statute of Anne, for the encouragement of literature. That is now, superseded by another statute, having the same gorgeous name, and the same inglorious meaning: for even this last enactment, sorely resisted as it was, leaves England behind every other country in the world, in the amount of their own property secur ed to her authors. In some, to this day, perpetual copyright exists; and though it may be reasonable, as Doctor Johnson argued that it was, to surrender a part for greater efficiency of protection to the rest, yet the commonest dictates of natural justice might at least require that an author's family should not be beggared of their inheritance as soon as his own capacity to provide for them may have ceased. In every continental country this is

organizing, for the foreign legion, a battalion | out of the foreign bands which had been driven over the frontier by Culreia into the French territory. Through the persevering activity of the organizer, these remnants of the civil war were quickly brought into a condition to be associated in the labors of the troops in Algeria.

In 1840 he was on duty at the camp of St. Omer, where he composed in obedience to the commands of the Duke of Orleans, several chapters of a manuel for the use of the light troops. In the month of October, Captain Canrobert was incorporated into the 6th battalion of Chasseurs-à-Pied, and returned to Africa in 1841. In this new campaign he signalized himself in the battles which took place on the hills of Mouzaia and Gestas, as well as in the bloody struggle which the Beni-Massers maintained against the troops. Having obtained the rank of chefde battalion in the 15th light regiment on the 22d of May, 1842, he was placed in command of the 5th battalion of chasseurs, which kept up the campaign on the banks of the Chetiff. He was present at the affair of the grottoes, at that of the Sheah, and, lastly, at several battles on the Riou. A part of the year 1842, and the whole of the year 1843, were employed in new operations in Africa; and there, in a manner worthy of himself, Commander Canrobert sustained the honor of his battalion. He accompanied Colonel Cavaignac in the expedition of Ouaren-Senis, and had a command in the column under the orders of General Bourgolly, whose division, after having attacked the Flitas, fought resolutely in the country of the Kabyles of Yargoussa. On all occasions the 3d and 5th battalions were commanded by him, and with extraordinary suc

cess.

He had been an officer of the Legion of Honor for two years, when Colonel St. Ar naud, who in the year 1845 succeeded Colonel Cavaignac to the government of Orleansville, made use of his services against Bou Maza. The chief of the 5th battalion played a distinguished part in the affairs of Buhl, Oued Metmour, Oued Gri, and Oued Lenzig. In the first he succeeded with two hundred and fifty bayonets in holding his own against more than three thousand men, who could not make any impression on him. Consequent upon these transactions followed his appointment to a lieutenant-colonelcy, on the 26th of October. He was soon afterwards closely blockaded by the Kabyles, in the town of Tenez, where he had just suc

ceeded Colonel Claparede in the command Eight months of continual warfare ended in the pacification of the country, and the superior officer, to whom the result was due, obtained the rank of Colonel on the very field of his exploits.

After having commanded the 2d regiment of the line, he was transferred to the 2d foreign regiment, on the 31st of March, 1848, and kept possession of Bathna. At this period General Herbillon entrusted him with the command of a strong column, with orders to attack and intimidate the mountaineers of the Aures. This commission was promptly executed. Colonel Canrobert surprised the enemy at the foot of the Djebel Chelea, defeated them, and followed them closely to Kebeck, in the Amar-Kraddou, taking the Bey Ahmed prisoner. Returning to Bathna, he took the command of the regiment of Zouaves at Aumale. In this new post he had an opportunity of acting vigorously against the Kabyles and the tribes of Targura, which he brought into subjection.

It was in 1848, however, that Colonel Canrobert displayed energies beyond all praise. Cholera was raging in the garrison of Aumale, but the events which were passing at Zaatcha summoned them before the walls of this oasis. What courage, what coolness did it require in the commander of the Zouaves to lead his soldiers in this manner through all the perils of an adventurous march, soldiers constantly accompanied by the afflicting spectacle of misery. He, as it were, multiplied himself. He exorted the sick, devoted his attention to them, threw a reinforcement into the town of Bou Sada, the garrison of which was blockaded, deceived the enemy who opposed his passage, by announcing that he brought pestilence with him, and that he should communicate it to his assailants, arriving at Zaatcha on the 8th of November. On the 26th he led, with wondrous intrepidity, one of the attacking columns. Out of four officers and sixteen soldiers who followed him to the breach, sixteen were killed or wounded at his side. In recompense for his conduct he was nominated Commander of the Legion of Honor on the 11th of December, 1849.

Having distinguished himself at the battle of Narah, he was elevated to the rank of general of brigade on the 13th of January, 1850. He came then to Paris, and took the command of a brigade of infantry, and was attached as aid-de-camp to the Prince President of the Republic. On the 14th of January, 1853, he was appointed general of