Shallow seas mapping Although Landsat was not specifically designed to be an ocean mapping tool, its general characteristics have clearly demonstrated the value of synoptic, multiband views in shallow seas areas. The green band (band 4 extends from 0.5 0.6μm) permits visual observation of sea bottom features to depths of at least 30 m in clear water areas such as near the Bahama Islands. A new submarine reef was discovered by the use of Landsat data in the Chagos Archipelago of the eastern Indian Ocean (Hammack, 1977). It was named "Colvocoresses' reef" by the U.S. Naval Hydrographic Office after A. P. Colvocoresses of the U.S. Geological Survey for his special contributions to satellite cartography and shallow seas mapping. Recent acquisition of Landsat images over the U.S. Trust Territories of the Pacific demonstrated that image transparencies of the three principal Landsat bands (4, 5, 7) could be prepared quickly in color by using the simple diazo foil process to show the relative depths of submarine reefs. Band 7 was used to show exposed land areas in red; band 4 was processed in blue to show deep reef areas in blue; band 5 was exposed to yellow diazo film to depict reefs at intermediate depths in green. These relative depth displays are now being correlated with existing bathymetric charts for the Western Caroline Islands and Samoa. Experimentation with computer compatible tapes of these same images on interactive computer analysis systems is currently underway and is providing greater detail on the characteristics of underwater land forms. 24-215 - 78-29 SPACE ELECTRONIC SERVICES INDUSTRY RELATED JOBS SPACE LIGHT SYSTEMS LUNETTA AND AGRISOLETTA ORBITING MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES FUEL CONSERVATION BY REDUCING COMMUTER TRAFFIC BY TELECOMMUTING FUEL CONSERVATION BY SPACE LASER POWER FOR DRIVING EXPORT OF SPACE LIGHT SERVICES AND RELATED GROUND EQUIPMENT EXPORT OF ADVANCED PRODUCTS BASED ON SPIN-OFFS FROM EXPORT OF ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT RELATED TO SPACE ELECTRONIC IMPACT OF PROGRESS TOWARD OPENING POWERFUL NEW ENERGY SOURCES IMPACT OF PROGRESS TOWARD LARGE FUSION-POWERED LUNAR INDUSTRIES SG1077-14 THE INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION OF EARTH AND SPACE (PT.2 OF 2) ECONOMIC PRESTIGE THE OPEC COUNTRIES CHALLENGE THE ECONOMIC PRESTIGE OF THE U.S. THIS CHALLENGE IS JOINED BY OTHER PARTS OF THE DEVELOPING WORLD • IN THE WAKE OF THIS ADVANCEMENT, NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES NOT ● IN HISTORIC PERSPECTIVE, THE OUTWARD THRUST OF SPACE INDUSTRIALIZATION, SG1077-21 Since 1973, the U.S. Geological Survey has published 24 different experimental maps (one at two different scales) made from images acquired by manned and unmanned satellites. (See Table 1.) The maps are at various scales and include an unusual set of two-season (early fall and mid-winter) Landsat image maps of a large icecap of Iceland (U.S. Geological Survey, 1977a, 1977b). Additional research on the early fall image of the icecap revealed that morphologic, geologic, and hydrologic details were actually recorded by spacecraft sensors but required special processing to show the information that was missing from standard photographic images. Computer enhancement techniques were applied to computer compatible tapes by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and by the EROS Data Center. The enhanced fall images of the icecap reveal subtle morphologic detail on the icecap surface not previously portrayed. This represents a major advance in the quality and usefulness of Landsat image maps in ice-covered areas (Williams and others, 1977). |