the Boston India merchant and banker. Mr. Cushing is survived by four sons, H. B. Cushing, Dr. Ernest Cushing, Percy Cushing, all of Boston, and Louis Cushing, of Cohasset. Mr. Cushing spent the closing years of his life at the home of the first at 170 Newbury St.At a meeting of the Class of 1834, held at 174 Beacon St., Boston, Jan. 17, resolutions were passed on Mr. Cushing's death. Later, a ballot was taken for a new Secretary, and Samuel W. Rodman was chosen. William Le Roy Annin died at Le Roy, N. Y., Dec. 6. He was born, July 28, 1812, in what had been Ganson's settlement in the town of Caledonia. The next winter the town of Bellona was set off from Caledonia, and during the following year this name was changed to Le Roy. Mr. Annin received his middle name from the fact that he was the first white male child born in the town. He was the eldest of eight children of Joseph and Melinda (Weld) Annin. After attending various public and private schools, he finished his preparation for college in two years at the new school in Temple Hill, Geneseo, from which he returned to Le Roy, where he opened a private school. Continuing his studies in the mean time, in 1831 he entered the Sophomore Class at Harvard, graduating in 1834. While in college, Mr. Annin taught private pupils, and public schools at Shrewsbury and Canton. After graduation he kept a classical school for some time in Le Roy. At other times he taught as assistant, and sometimes as principal, in schools and academies at Concord and Watertown, in Boston at the English High School, at Jamaica Plain in C. W. Green's school, gave private lessons in Charlestown and on Dorchester Heights, and also taught at Elmira, Avon, and Bethany Centre, N. Y. He was also employed as a surveyor on the lines of the Lexington and the Old Colony railroads. In 1852 he left Massachusetts, and had since resided, with the exception of about six months in New Jersey, in his native place, occupying his time in various ways, particularly in horticulture. He was especially fond of Greek and Latin, which he continued to read until the time of his death. For many years Mr. Annin had kept a meteorological record, which he furnished to the State, and also a record of the temperature, which he furnished The Le Roy Gazette for publication each week. He was never married. 1837. HENRY WILLIAMS, Sec. 18 Concord Sq., Boston. The Rev. Daniel Wight died at Natick, Dec. 21, 1895. He was the son of Daniel and Zillah (Goulding) Wight of that town, and was born Sept. 18, 1808. He was a lineal descendant of Thomas Wight, a native of the Isle of Wight, who fled from religious persecution and came to this country in 1636, and settled at Dedham. Mr. Wight was brought up as a farmer till he was eighteen years of age, when he began his preparation for college at Leicester Academy. He afterwards spent two years at Andover and entered Harvard in 1833. He became a member of the Theological School at Andover in 1837, where he graduated in 1840. After preaching for six weeks in Connecticut, he was ordained pastor of the First Congregational Church in Scituate, where he continued for sixteen years. For family reasons he resigned his charge in Scituate and returned to Natick. After this he preached in Boylston two years, for a season to the Seneca Indians in western New York as missionary of the American Board, and, after a seven years' pastorate at the second Congregational Church in Ashburnham, he retired again to Natick and had charge for many years of the town library. In 1853 Mr. Wight published a large steel engraving illustrating the scenes in Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress." He also published sketches of the churches in Scituate and Natick, and for many years, and nearly up to the time of his death, wrote the meteorological articles for the Popular Science News and Journal of Chemistry. He leaves a widow and one daughter. Charles Theodore Russell, son of Charles and Persis (Hastings) Russell, died at Cambridge, after a short illness of pneumonia, Jan. 16, 1896. His father was a prominent and influential citizen of Princeton, where for a long period he held the offices of town clerk and postmaster, carrying on at the same time, as is often the case in New England, a country store. He represented the town in the General Court for eight consecutive years, and for four years he was a member of the Mass. Senate. Mrs. Russell was descended from the earliest settlers of Princeton. She died in her ninetythird year. She had a retentive memory, and to the end of her long life delighted her grandchildren and great-grandchildren with tales of early times and the traditions of her native town. An unfailing cheerfulness was one of her most marked characteristics, and her son Theodore undoubtedly inherited from his mother this very prominent trait in his own character. Mr. Russell was fitted for college, partly at Princeton Academy and partly under the instruction of At much per the Rev. Mr. Cowles. sonal sacrifice on the part of his parents he was enabled to enter Harvard in 1833, where he ranked among the foremost of his Class. After leaving college, Mr. Russell at once entered upon the study of law in the office of Henry H. Fuller and later at the Harvard Law School. He commenced practice as a partner with Mr. Fuller, and in 1845 formed a partnership with his brother under the firm of Charles T. and Thomas H. Russell, '43, of which his two sons, Charles T. Jr., '73, and William E. Russell, 77, and his nephew, Arthur H. Russell, subsequently were admitted as members. In 1855 Mr. Russell became a resident of Cambridge. Very early in his career he took an active part in politics, and a bare enumeration of the various offices which he has held will give some idea of his eminently busy and useful life. He was a representative from Boston in 1844, 1845, and 1850; a member of the Senate from the Suffolk district in 1851 and 1852, and from the county of Middlesex in 1877 and 1878. He was mayor of Cambridge for two years; professor in the Boston University Law School from its establishment and up to the time of his death; senior counsel in the long controversy at Andover when the professors of that institution were charged with heresy; one of the founders of the Young Men's Christian Association, in which he took a great interest and of which he was for a time the president; president of the Congregational Publishing Society and of the Board of Ministerial Aid; for fourteen years a member of the Board of Visitors of the Andover Theological School; president of the Mass. Congregational Club; one of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions; a member of the Oriental Society; of the Society for Promoting Theological Education among the Indians, and of the American College and Education Society. He was also president of the Boston Wharf Company. Besides all these offices and interests, he was an earnest and active member of the Congregational Church in Cambridge, in connection with which he found time to teach a Bible class composed of some of the college students. He married, June 1, 1840, Sarah Elisabeth, daughter of Joseph Ballister, a Boston merchant. Of the ten children born to them, six daughters and four sons, three of the daughters died in infancy. His wife and his other children survive him. His son, Wm. E. Russell, has been three times governor of Massachusetts. JOHN CAPEN, Sec. 5 Worcester Sq., Boston. It was quite an agreeable surprise to five of our thirteen survivors to meet in Washington in October last, three having gone there as members of the Unitarian National Conference. This was just such an opportunity as our esteemed classmate, the Hon. Bancroft Davis of that city, was only too glad to improve for a Class reunion. Seconded by his excellent wife, who, by the way, does not allow herself to be outdone by him in enthusiasm for the Class of 1840, he tendered to us all a cordial and graceful invitation to meet them at dinner at their fine mansion, where, after an hour or more VOL. IV. NO. 15. 31 spent in doing justice to an elegant repast, we devoted the rest of the evening to pleasant social intercourse. Those present beside our host and hostess were the Rev. J. H. Allen, D. D., the Rev. Prof. E. H. Welch of Georgetown College, the Rev. and Mrs. H. F. Bond, and Mr. and Mrs. John Capen. The Secretary is sure that he reflects the sentiments of all in thus expressing our obligations to Mr. and Mrs. Davis for this very enjoyable Class reunion. The fiftieth anniversary of the marriage of the Hon. C. G. Davis was celebrated at his home in Plymouth, Mass., Nov. 19. On that occasion, a large and enthusiastic company of friends assembled to extend greetings and congratulations and wish him and his wife choicest blessings on their future days.- Wm. A. Crafts lost his wife on Dec. 28, 1895. 1843. HON. W. A. RICHARDSON, Sec. Court of Claims, Washington, D. C. The Rev. Octa vius Brooks Frothingham died in Boston, Nov. 27, after two years of declining health. Born in Boston in 1822, he was the son of Dr. Nathaniel Langdon Frothingham, '11, whose biography he published in 1890, with the title "Boston Unitarianism, 1820-1850." To his father he credited his own idealism, fondness for literature, fastidiousness in regard to persons and books, conservatism of sentiment, and intellectual freedom; and to his mother, Ann Gorham Brooks, his simplicity of purpose, directness of aim, and frank outspokenness. On his mother's side he was allied with Phillips Brooks, '55, for whom he felt a strong admiration. Educated at the Boston Latin School and Harvard, he was graduated from the Divinity School in 1846. Among and with conservative Unitarians genhis companions were Samuel Johnson, erally, became more and more strained. '42, Samuel Longfellow, '39, and T. When, in 1864, Dr. Hedge preached W. Higginson, '41; but he did not to the graduating divinity students sympathize with the early radicalism upon "Anti-Supernaturalism in the of these men, with whom he was asso- Pulpit," Mr. Frothingham, a few days ciated in his maturity in his think- later, in an address to the alumni of ing and his reformatory spirit, as well the Divinity School, met his positions as in the admiration and affection of with a force and candor that made many followers. Like Higginson and him the unmistakable leader of the Johnson, Mr. Frothingham came to radical Unitarians. In the following grief in his first settlement, at Salem, year, when the National Unitarian through his strong anti-slavery belief. Conference was formed, the terms of Remembering how effective in the its fellowship were so little agreeable Middle Age was the denial of the to Mr. Frothingham that, by his adsacraments to contumacious persons, vice, his society dropped the Uniand regarding the Lord's Supper as tarian name and called itself "The a privilege which he must not confer Independent Liberal Church." The on evil men, he refused to admin- congregation steadily increased, and, ister it, because there were those in removing to the Masonic Temple in his church who applauded the Fugi- 1875, numbered nearly a thousand tive Slave Law and the renditions of persons. No one was ever fonder Sims and Burns. This course precipi- than Mr. Frothingham of understatetated his departure, and in 1855 he ment, or applied it to himself more took charge of a new church in Jer- freely. From the minimizing account sey City, N. J. Meantime his anti- of his preaching which he gave in his slavery liberalism had been, as it was "Recollections," no stranger to the with many, a solvent for his conserva- facts would derive any just conceptive theology. From a defender of his tion of the force and nobility of his father's compromising obscurantism pulpit ministration, or of the profound he had become a Transcendentalist in impression that it made upon a conhis philosophy, and a follower of F. C. gregation, then the largest in the city, Baur's Tübingen criticism, of which which, ranging through every grade he wrote in the Christian Examiner of culture, had a solid centre of characwith great fulness and contagious ad- ter and intelligence not to be excelled. miration. He entirely discontinued His printed sermons contain the subthe use of the Lord's Supper, believ- stance of his message, but give no ing that it led to self-righteousness, idea of the fascinating grace and but in his last years he thought it beauty of the spoken word, which could be shorn of its doubtful attri- hardly Curtis could surpass, though butes and made a means of spiritual something of apparent coldness, forcultivation. In 1860 he became pas- eign to the man's private character, tor of the Third Unitarian Society of made him less attractive and engagNew York city. Drs. Bellows and ing than he would otherwise have Osgood, the other Unitarian preachers been. His range was wide, including in New York, at first received him fundamental problems of theology, graciously, but his relations with them, ethics, and philosophy, and equally the social and political problems of residence and travel, and incipient the time. Defective in practical ac- paralysis made preaching impossible tivity, the preacher's eloquence was for him after his return. Immediwell-nigh the only bond of the so- ately upon this there was a flurry of ciety's cohesion. Again, Mr. Froth- excitement over a talk with a reingham was too depreciatory of his porter in which he seemed to criticise part as president of the Free Reli- in an unfriendly way the work he had gious Association, organized in 1868, done in New York and the opinions mainly by Unitarians dissatisfied with he had held. But the talk was only the temper of the Unitarian organiza- the exaggeration of the mood of a detion. The sympathy of religions and pressed condition of mind and body. the higher criticism had not then He was always subject to reaction many friends; but they have more from the strain of mental effort - an to-day, because of the good confession optimist on Saturday, a pessimist on which Mr. Frothingham and his com- Monday morning. He took pains to panions witnessed in their brave and make it clear that he had made no earnest work. Yet it may be con- recantation, that his position was more ceded that he had not "the natural radical as time went on, though at the impulse and vigor," the "rugged same time it was more liberal and speech," and the "vivacity of humor," sympathetic. Taking up his residence the lack of which he afterwards de- in Boston, he was seldom absent from plored. Later than his friends, John- the public meetings of the Unitarians. son, Longfellow, and Higginson, in That they were advancing rapidly arriving at the Transcendentalist posi- from the position that he criticised in tion, he abandoned it about 1865, in 1865 made it much easier for him to a review of Mill's "Examination of feel at home among them. Before Sir William Hamilton's Philosophy," leaving the ministry, he had published, while their confidence in it remained besides several volumes of sermons unshaken. An early friend of Dar- and books of religious instruction for win's theory of the descent of man children, an elaborate "Life of Theoand of Spencer's general doctrine of dore Parker," a "History of New evolution, science rather than pbiloso- England Transcendentalism," and a phy was henceforth his guide of life. "Life of Gerrit Smith." Delightful But, whatever his position, he could reading, the last three books were too do better justice to that which he hastily prepared and contained inacopposed than could any but the best curacies and serious omissions. His instructed of its friends. The defect books written after his return from of this quality was what Renan called Europe were much better done, es"the fatal disqualification of being pecially the "George Ripley" in the able to see the other side." He saw "American Men of Letters" and the this so plainly, and often spent so "Life of William Henry Channing." much time in his devil's advocacy of The "Boston Unitarianism" and it, that he was obliged to stint the "Recollections and Impressions" expression of his own opinions, and so were singularly communicative for a weakened the effect of his discourse. man who had seemed exclusive and In 1879 he went abroad on account of reserved. The appearance was a misill health for a protracted period of fortune, related to the self-depreciat |