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diately; the seventh volume is in the hands of the printer and will be out by the end of the current year. Twelve hundred photographs of places, monuments, and objects in Greece, the generous gift of Mr. Nathaniel C. Nash, '84, have been added to the collection of the Department. Its electrotypes of Greek and Roman coins have been deposited in the Fogg Museum as the place where they would be of widest use. A committee has been appointed to receive portraits of all persons not now living who have been professors of Greek or Latin in the University. The Department purposes to replace the oxyhydrogen light, now used with the stereopticon in Harvard 1, by an electrical lantern of approved type; and will publish the music written by Professor Allen for the presentation of the Phormio in 1894. In November the Department extended an invitation to Professor Goodwin to deliver a course of public lectures on Greek Philosophy, in March, 1896, under its auspices. This invitation was accepted, and an efficient committee has charge of the necessary arrangements. The Department looks forward with lively interest also to the course of six lectures to be delivered at the University next autumn by Professor Dörpfeld, the First Secretary of the Archaeologisches Institut in Athens. He will lecture on the Ancient Greek Theatre, and the topography of Troy and of noted places in Greece. His lectures will be illustrated, and he will speak in his own tongue. He will be, perhaps, the first foreigner to address a Harvard audience in his vernacular, and the experiment will prove to be interesting. It could not be tried under more favorable conditions, for Dr. Dörpfeld has remarkable power of lucid exposition. Last year the Department unanimously memorialized the Corporation, praying for the establishment of three new professorships in the University, of Comparative Philology, of Greek and Roman History and Institutions, and of Classical Archaeology. It expressed the hope that the first appointee would be a professor or instructor in Ancient History. The same request was urged at the same time by the Department of History. The Corporation acceded to this united request, and appointed Dr. George Botsford instructor in the History of Greece and Rome. Dr. Botsford has offered this year a general course on the Political History of Greece to the Roman Conquest, and a special course for graduates on the Constitutional History of the Roman Republic to the Social War. These courses are well attended. Dr. Botsford is a member both of the Department of the Classics and of the Department of History. Thus that middle wall of partition between Departments, recently referred to in these reports with surprise by an intelligent observer newly come among us, has received another shock. Dr. Botsford may succeed in demolishing it, and in removing from the minds of the extreme philocenes (who are duly repre

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hended in the Acts of the Apostles) the last trace of the superstition that because a subject is ancient its treatment is necessarily antiquated. John Williams White, Ph. D., '77.

FINE ARTS.

The Fogg Museum.

Within the past few weeks there have been added to the Fogg Museum the Hermes of Andros; a statue of a Youth, found in the excavations at Eleusis in 1887; a Nike; a Mounted Amazon, and a Mounted Nereid, found in the excavations at Epidaurus in 1882-84; a head of Apollo, found in Athens; the Lenormant statuette of Athena, and the Pietà of St. Peter's in Rome, by Michael Angelo. The Hermes of Andros is a well known fine work of the fourth century B. C., in which some of the qualities of the best art of the preceding century are preserved, though the less monumental characteristics of the later period are also in some degree manifest. It betrays a slightly artificial and exaggerated grace of posture, and a tendency to a more naturalistic mode of conception and treatment than had marked the works of the greatest sculptors of Greece. But these defects are not very pronounced, and the statue, as a whole, deservedly ranks high among those of the epoch to which it belongs. The statue of a Youth from Epidaurus exhibits more of the best spirit. It has the quiet, rhythmical pose of the finest types of Greek sculpture. No exaggeration of movement or of modeling mars its exquisite beauty. Like nearly all remains of ancient art, this figure is much mutilated. The head and trunk, with one leg down to the knee, are, however, intact. The Nike, the Mounted Amazon, and the Mounted Nereid, are small works of much beauty, though, like the foregoing, they are only fragments. The Lenormant Athena is one of the two most important extant documents illustrating the colossal chryselephantine statue of Athena by Phidias, which stood in the cella of the Parthenon. This small copy is of somewhat rough and unfinished execution, but it has a majestic bearing, and a severity of treatment that are in keeping with what we know of the art of Phidias. The Pietà by Michael Angelo is his finest early work in sculpture, and is remarkable for the subtle technique for which this great master is famous. A large carbon photograph from the marble is hung near the cast, and affords illustration of those qualities of the original which the cast fails to exhibit. A few other large carbons have also been added to the collection, and will be soon hung upon the walls of the corridor. Among them is a fine one of the interior of the church of St. Mark in Venice. Some interesting fragments of pottery from Argos, Mycenae, and Athens, and a few Greek and Roman coins, have been presented by Mr. A. M.

Lithgoe, '92, and are placed in the case in the room of coins and vases. The work of cataloguing the large collection of photographs has so far progressed that the greater part of them are now ready for use. All members of the University may have access to them on obtaining a card from the Curator. The Museum is open day and evening.

Charles H. Moore, A. M., '90, Curator.

GERMAN.

Mr. Raymond Calkins, who had been instructor in German for several years, resigned his position last spring in order to devote himself to the study of theology. Mr. John Albrecht Walz, A. M., '95, was appointed in his place. Mr. H. L. Coar, who last year had charge of the course in Scientific German, resigned during the summer to accept a position in the University of Michigan. To fill the vacancy thus caused and to provide for several additional sections in the elementary courses necessitated by the increase in the number of students, Mr. William Guild Howard, A. M., '92, and for several years instructor in German in Princeton College, was called back to his Alma Mater as instructor in German. Other changes in the Department are mostly connected with the return of Professor Kuno Francke, who has resumed his old courses.

The advanced course in German Prose, which was omitted last year, has been changed to a course in German Literature of the 19th century; it is parallel with the three courses (2, 3, 4) dealing with the literature of the 18th century, but is conducted in English. Professor Schilling, who during Professor Francke's absence conducted the course in General History of German Literature (5), has assumed charge of the elementary course in Middle High German (8), and will also in the second half year give for the first time a course in Germanic Antiquities. H. C. G. von Jagemann.

HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT.

The Historical Department is able this year for the first time to offer instruction in Ancient History on a comprehensive and forward-looking plan. Dr. George Willis Botsford, who had been favorably known to scholars by a valuable treatise on the history of the Athenian constitution, accepted for the present year an appointment as instructor and is giving to graduates and undergraduates a three-hour course on the Political History of Greece, and to graduates a three-hour course on the Constitutional History of the Roman Republic. For next year Dr. Botsford is planning to take up the political history of Rome in his larger class and the constitutional history of Greece in the more advanced. In view of

the very general presentation of Ancient History by candidates for admission to college, it has long seemed a curious anomaly that the College should do nothing to prepare teachers to give candidates a sound fit in this subject. The Department feels itself, therefore, greatly strengthened in its effort to commend its work to the schools. Otherwise, with the exception of the usual rotation of courses, the programme presents no important changes from that of last year. Dr. Coolidge remains in charge of the great introductory course known as History I, which this year numbers nearly 450 students. He is assisted in the details of administration by three younger men studying in the Graduate School, and calls upon the professors of the Department for occasional lectures on their special topics. In those fields which do not appear on the programme, the Department has been unusually active. For some years it has had a small fund, presented by Mr. Wm. M. Pritchard, and called by the name of his friend, the late Prof. Henry Warren Torrey. The income of this fund, now amounting to something over $500, has been available for publishing historical monographs by teachers and students of the Department, but the Department hesitated long between a plan for establishing a Harvard historical journal, to be supported in part by this fund, and the other plan begun, but discontinued some years ago, of printing separate studies in a more or less strictly serial form. After long discussion, the Department came to the conclusion that the practice of establishing scientific journals by individual colleges was one tending rather to discredit science than to advance it. In the early part of the year 1895 negotiations were begun with representatives of other colleges and with distinguished historical scholars throughout the country, looking towards the establishment of a general historical journal. It was found at once that another college was already in the field with a plan precisely similar to that which we had abandoned, namely, to found a journal distinctly local in its editorship. The Department immediately took steps to secure effective coöperation in calling a conference at New York in the month of April. The response was general and enthusiastic; the college in question gave way most cordially and gracefully, and the result is the establishment upon the broadest possible basis, with a large guarantee fund, of the new American Historical Review, published by Macmillan, the second number of which was issued in January of this year. The Torrey Fund was plainly not available for the support of such a general journal; the Department, therefore, proceeded at once to decide upon a scheme for its proper use. It was determined to continue the plan of monographs already begun, and the first in the new series, a treatise on the history of efforts to suppress the slave-trade in America, by Dr. W. E. B. DuBois,

'90 (A. M., '91, Ph. D., '95), now professor in Wilberforce University, is passing rapidly through the press of Messrs. Longmans, Green & Co. Other numbers have been accepted from F. W. Dallinger, '93, and Prof. J. B. Harding, of the University of Indiana, both formerly of the Graduate School. In common with all the other departments of the College, that of History has been actively interested in the efforts of the colleges to get into more just relations with the schools. It has very carefully considered the suggestions of the so-called "Committee of Ten," and has just recommended a plan of admission requirements in substantial agreement with the spirit of that committee's suggestions. The essential point of this new plan is that any good piece of historical work done by any school and properly tested by the College shall be accepted in fulfilment of the requirement for admission in history. In adopting this principle, the Department was guided by the conviction that it could no longer undertake to say precisely what subjects in history were essential to the proper pursuance of college studies, but that the study of history in itself ought to be recognized as an effective means of education in the schools. It will, however, state as its judgment, that every candidate for admission to college ought to have studied the history of Greece and Rome. A distinct step has also been taken by the recommendation of an advanced requirement in history, to consist in either a much wider study of a new field, or the more detailed study of a field already presented in the elementary requirement. The Department is represented abroad during the present year by Mr. James Sullivan, Jr., '94, A. M., '95, Kirkland Fellow, who is pursuing a thorough course of study in Paris, chiefly at the Ecole des Chartes, in preparation for the profession of teaching. Since the old title of "Department of History and Roman Law" no longer included the fields of activity of the Department, the caption "Department of History and Government" has been adopted and confirmed by the Faculty.

E. Emerton, '71.

MINERALOGY AND PETROGRAPHY AND MINERALOGICAL MUSEUM.

This new department of instruction was formed in the spring of 1895 by taking the three courses in Mineralogy which had been placed under Chemistry (Chem. 2, 7, and 20 e) and the three courses in Petrography which had been under Geology (Geology 12, 23, and 28) and placing together these connected and even overlapping subjects. At the same time the connection with chemistry and geology was recognized by making the chairmen of these departments members of the new department. This consolidation has also practical advantages in the economy of resources. Thus an excellent chemical laboratory for mineral and rock analysis has

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