"The Benson Family of Newport, R. I." (1872); a health-record for children, "The Mother's Register" (1872), from the French of Prof. J. B. Fonssagrives; a child's reading-book, "What Mr. Darwin saw in his Voyage round the World in the Ship Beagle" (1879), being excerpts from the "Journal of a Voyage; "a compilation for the moral discipline of children, "Bedside Poetry" (1887); and, in conjunction with his brother, Francis Jackson Garrison, a parental biography, "William Lloyd Garrison: The Story of his Life, told by his Children" (vols. i, ii, 1885, vols. iii, iv, 1889). He is a member of the Board of Managers of the Geological Survey of New Jersey.

JOSEPH JEFFERSON, A. M.,

was born in Philadelphia, Pa., Feb. 20, 1829, his father and grandfather having both been actors. At the age of three he figured as the child in Kotzebue's Pizarro, and later represented "Living Statues" in a theatre at Washington, D. C. After his father's death he joined a party of strolling players (1843) that made their way through Texas, and followed the U. S. army into Mexico. Returning to the North, he played smaller parts in minor theatres, and tried unsuccessfully to manage the performances at Peale's Museum in Philadelphia. In 1849 he married Miss Lockyer, an actress, and joined the Chatham St. National Theatre, in New York city, playing in the farce Somebody Else. After brief tours through the South, he was employed for six years as actor and stagemanager in Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore, and Washington. Late in 1856 he visited Europe for his health. On his return the next year he joined Laura Keene's Company in New York city (1857-59). Here for the first time he rose from the ranks as stock actor to star, playing Asa Trenchard in Our American Cousin with such success that the play ran more than 150 nights. He added to his repertory from time to time Newman Noggs in Nicholas Nickleby, Caleb Plummer in The Cricket on the Hearth, Dr. Pangloss in The Heir-at-Law, Bob Acres in The Rivals, and Dr. Ollapod in The Poor Gentleman. In 1860 he visited California, and proceeded to Australia, where for four years he played with great success. In Sept., 1865, he made his début in Rip Van Winkle at the Adelphi Theatre, London, where the piece ran five months, and was subsequently well received in the provinces. He returned to America in 1866, and for more than twenty years played Rip Van Winkle with but few interruptions. Latterly, he has occasionlly reproduced some of his early plays, like The Rivals, Lend Me Five Shillings, and The Cricket on the Hearth. In 1867 he married, for the second time, Miss Sarah Warren. He contributed his autobiography to the Century Magazine (vols. xvii and xviii).

ROSWELL PARK, A. M.,

was born in Pomfret, Conn., May 4, 1852. His ancestors on both sides were prominent in the wars of Independence and of 1812. His father, the Rev. Roswell Park, D. D., was born in Preston, Conn., and graduated at West Point at the head of his class; becoming later Professor of Chemistry and Physics in the University of Pennsylvania, and (1852) the founder of Racine College, Racine, Wis. His mother belonged to the Baldwin family of Massachusetts, members of which for several generations have been eminent as civil engineers. Dr. Park received the degrees of B. A. and M. A. in course from Racine College, the former in 1872. He studied medicine at the Medical Department of Northwestern University (Chicago Medical College), his home being at that time in Chicago. Here he graduated in medicine in 1876, being awarded the first prize among his classmates. Subsequently he served for two years and a half as interne, first in the Mercy, and then in Cook County Hospital, after which he became Demonstrator of Anatomy in the Women's Medical College. In 1879 he was made Demonstrator and Adjunct Professor of Anatomy in the Chicago Medical College, holding this position for three years, then resigning it in order to study abroad. While in Europe for this purpose he was made Lecturer on Surgery in Rush Medical College, 1882, having been previously appointed Surgeon to the Michael Reese Hospital in 1881. For seven years he also occupied the position of Assistant Surgeon to the Illinois State Eye and Ear Infirmary. In 1883 he received an invitation to assume the Professorship of Surgery in the Medical Department of the University of Buffalo, and at the same time was made Surgeon to the Buffalo General Hospital. These positions he has since held, having declined invitations to other institutions. He is a member of the American Surgical Association, the American Orthopaedic Association, the Association of Genito-Urinary Surgeons, and of numerous other medical and scientific societies. Some years ago he was also made a member of the German Congress of Surgeons, being one of the very few American members of that distinguished body. In 1895 he was elected president of the Medical Society of the State of New York. He was also for ten years the Brigade Surgeon on the Staff of the General of the Fourth Brigade of the National Guard of the State of New York. In 1892 he received the honorary degree of M. D. from Rush College, the Medical Department of the Lake Forest University. Dr. Park was perhaps the first surgeon in this country to master the details of bacteriological technique, and to establish his own private laboratory for study in this subject. Accordingly, his work has been largely in surgical pathology. Beside

numerous addresses, journal articles, and monographs for cyclopaedias, etc., he published, in 1892, a volume of "Muetter Lectures on Surgical Pathology." He was for some years associate editor of the Annals of Surgery. He also edited for some time the Weekly Medical Review of Chicago, and after his removal to Buffalo the Medical Press of Western New York. He has now in press a volume of lectures on the History of Medicine, and also is at present busy with the preparation of a textbook on surgery, in two volumes, of which he is to be the editor and one of the principal contributors.

GEORGE ANGIER GORDON, D. D.,

was born Jan. 2, 1853, on the estate of Pitodrie, parish of Oyne, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. He had a common school education in his native country; came to America in 1871; for three years worked at various occupations, devoting his evenings, and often the greater part of the night, to study. In 1874 he entered the Bangor Theological Seminary, and graduated from that institution in 1877. He was ordained June 20 the same year over the Congregational Church, Temple, Me. After preaching one year, and further preparing himself for an academic course of study, he entered Harvard as a special student in 1878; joined the Class of 1881 in the Senior year and graduated a member of that Class. In August, 1881, he was settled over the Second Congregational Church at Greenwich, Conn.; and over the Old South Church, Boston, April, 1884. He was a member of the first Board of Preachers to the University, when the present method of conducting the religious interests of Harvard was adopted, and he served from 1886 to 1890. He received the degree of D. D. from Bowdoin College in 1893, and from Yale the same year. He was one of the preachers at the Summer School of Theology in Mansfield College, Oxford, in 1894. In 1895 he was a special lecturer before the Divinity School of Yale University, and is under the same appointment for 1896. Among other works, he is the author of "Phillips Brooks as the Messenger of God" (1893); "The Witness to Immortality" (1893); "The Christ of To-day" (1895). He was married, June 3, 1890, to Miss Susan H., daughter of Dr. J. M. Manning, his immediate predecessor in the pastorate of Old South Church, and has one child, a daughter, born Jan. 10, 1895.

CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS, LL. D.,

was born in Boston, May 27, 1835. He was graduated from Harvard in the class of 1856, and studied law in the office of Richard H. Dana, Jr., '37, a biography of whom he afterwards (1890) wrote. He was admitted to the bar in 1858; but, on the breaking out of the Rebellion in

1861, he obtained a commission as First Lieutenant in the 1st Massachusetts Cavalry, and afterwards served in that regiment in South Carolina and Virginia, obtaining the rank of Captain in 1862. Acting as Chief of Squadron through the campaign of 1863 (Gettysburg) and in the advance of 1864 on Richmond, he was in the autumn of that year transferred to the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry (colored) as LieutenantColonel. He remained with that regiment at Point Lookout, Md., until January, 1865, when he was ordered home because of failing health. While at home he was offered by Major-General A. A. Humphreys, then assuming command of the 2d Army Corps, the position of Assistant Inspector-General on the staff of that Corps, but declined the appointment, as at the same time he was promoted to the Colonelcy of the Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry, and considered himself under an obligation to remain with his regiment. He entered Richmond at its head, and in command of an independent detachment, on the 3d of April, 1865, but shortly afterwards resigned, his health being wholly broken down. He was mustered out of the service in July, 1865, receiving subsequently the brevet of Brigadier-General. In November, 1865, he married Mary Hone Ogden, of Newport, R. I. In 1869 he was appointed a member of the Board of Railroad Commissioners of Massachusetts, and served upon it, by successive appointments, until 1879,- seven years as Chairman of the Board, when he declined a reappointment. In 1879 he was selected as a member of the Board of Arbitration of the Trunk Line Railroad organization, and served as either Chairman of the Board or as sole arbitrator until June, 1884, when he was made President of the Union Pacific Railroad Co., of which he had previously, in 1877, been a government director. He held this position until 1890. In 1892 he was appointed a member, and served as chairman, of the advisory commission, which planned the Massachusetts Metropolitan Park system; and, a year later, was appointed on the permanent Commission, which carried that system into effect. He was Chairman of the Board until his resignation from it in June, 1895. He was chosen to the Board of Overseers in 1882, and served until 1894. He was reëlected an Overseer in 1895. He has contributed largely to periodical literature through the pages of the old North American Review, the Forum, and the Nation. In 1883 he delivered the Phi Beta Kappa oration at Cambridge. In conjunction with his brother, Henry Adams, in 1871 he published "Chapters of Erie, and other Essays." In 1878 he published a volume, entitled, "Railroads, their Origin and Problems;" and in 1879 another volume of "Notes on Railroad Accidents." In 1874 his attention was turned to the investigation of matters connected with New England history, and to these he subsequently more and more devoted

himself, preparing from time to time numerous addresses, essays, and miscellaneous papers. In 1890 he published a biography of Richard Henry Dana; in 1892, "Three Episodes of Massachusetts History;" and in 1893, "Massachusetts: its Historians and its History." He was elected a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society in 1875, was made Vice-President of the Society in 1890, and President in 1895.

JOHN CHIPMAN GRAY, LL. D.,

was born July 14, 1839, at Nonantum Hill, Brighton, his father being Horace Gray, '19, and his mother Sarah Russell, daughter of Samuel P. Gardner, 1786. He graduated from Harvard in 1859, entered the Law School in 1860, and remained there two years, being admitted to the bar in the summer of 1862. Thereupon he immediately joined the army as Second Lieutenant, in the 41st Reg. Mass. Vol. Infantry, afterwards 3d Mass. Vol. Cavalry, and served as aide on the staff of Maj.-Gen. George H. Gordon. In 1864 he was appointed Major and Judge Advocate, U. S. V., and served on the staff of Maj.-Gen. John G. Foster, and later on that of Maj.-Gen. Quincy A. Gillmore. At the end of the war he resigned, and began the practice of the law with John C. Ropes, '57, with whom he edited the American Law Review during its first four years. In 1873 he married Anna S. L. Mason, daughter of the Rev. Charles Mason, '32, and has two children, Roland Gray, '95, and a daughter. Lectured in the Law School in 1869 and 1870; was appointed Story Professor of Law, 1875, and was translated in 1883 to the Royall Professorship, which he still holds. He received the A. M. degree from Harvard in course, and that of LL. D. from Yale in 1894. He published, in 1883, a little book on 66 Restraints upon Alienation;" in 1886, a book on the "Rule against Perpetuities," and between 1888 and 1892, a series in six volumes of "Selected Cases on Property." He is a member of the firm of Ropes, Gray & Loring, Boston.

FITZEDWARD HALL, LL. D.,

descended, both paternally and maternally, from families long settled in New England, was born at Troy, N. Y., March 21, 1825. His father, a graduate of Middlebury and Dartmouth Colleges, was Daniel Hall, and his mother's maiden name was Anjinette Fitch. Having taken the degree of Civil Engineer at the Rensselaer Institute early in 1842, he entered Harvard College a few months later, and graduated in 1846. Shortly before Commencement, sailing for India, he arrived there in September, after being shipwrecked off the mouth of the Ganges. Beginning at once the study of Bengali, Persian, and Hindustani, he removed from Calcutta, in 1849, to Ghazeepoor, and thence, after a short stay, to