Bring the good old bugle, boy, and sing another song,

Sing it with a spirit that will start the world along ;

Sing it as we used to sing it fifty thousand strong,

While we were marching through Georgia.Cho.

everything, with no good habits of study. They are trying to work in Decimals, when they do notknow their tables, I don't like to say it but the teacher who preceded me can't have taught them anything. Certainly they know nothing now. What shall I do?"

- ANXIOUS.

Do not assume that your predecessor did nothing; it is not possible for you to know how far her work was hindered, just as yours is. And do not add to the indifferonce of the children by assuring them that they are backward. If they are studying Decimals, use this opportunity to drill them in the combinations where they fail. They can learn the table of eights as well through drill in multiplying by 8 tenths as by 8 units. They will feel that they are advancing and that is true. To turn back is discouraging.

But be careful to make every lesson tell in some line where the class is weak. Make an inventory of their stock of knowledge, and every day add some link to the chain which they have already wrought. Be patient and hopeful and assured that you

will suceed, and you will.

111.The Written Test.

"We have abandoned written examinations in our town, and I think it a mistake. There is nothing to hold over the children's heads. And I want to know in black and white what they know. Would you think it best to have no written examinations?"

- MARY.

LETTER Box

All communications should be sent to the editor of this department.

SARAH L. ARNOLD, Supervisor of Primary Schools, Minneapolis, Minn.

1.- At Noon.

"I have an ungraded school, with twenty pupils. It is in a thinly settled country and the children all live at some distance from the school, and so bring their dinners. What can I do with them all the noon? They get so noisy and rough in their play, and yet they are angry if I stop their playing. I am willing to take any pains with them if I only knew what to do. Is it well to have any rules about it." LEARNER.

Encourage out of door games when the weather will permit. If you are help ng the children to observe Nature, as we hope you are in your favored field, organize little excursions to brook, hill, or woods, with some definite object in view. For rainy days, or inclement weather, the problem is greater. Provide quiet games, like authors or checkers; old books for reading aloud; gymnastic exercises or moving games. Enlist the older ones to teach and care for the "Lend-a-Hand SociForm a younger ones. ety." Try whittling and sewing, with the simpler forms of industrial work.

11. Forward.

"1 am struggling hopelessly with a class which is in a deplorable condition, behind in

teacher, and a record of the child's achievement. Continue the written tests as a part of your instruction, but do not hold them

1V. Equal Rights.

"I am troubled by the behavior of a boy in my school. He has no help at home, is rough, rude, passionate, yet warm hearted, and I like him in spite of his faults. He is much better than he used to be, yet he often disturbs the school. What troubles me is this:- if another boy should act as he does, I would suspend him. But I know Jack would go to the bad if I turned him on the street. Am I fair to the rest of the children in keeping him? I want to treat them all alike."

- PERPLEXED.

You will be fair to all pupils alike, not when you mete equal penalties to all, but when you do for each separate child what he needs. Your letter leaves no doubt in our minds that your pupils will appreciate your motive, and recognize that Jack needs long patience. Do not give up; keep trying. It is well worth while.

V. - Attention.

"Can you tell me how to prevent my pupils from being inattentive in the class? I have kept them after school and reproved them again and again; but still I find them turning

around or looking out of the window. What

can I do? I know it ought to be different, but

honestly, I do not know how to make it so." - X. X. X.

Your trouble is a common one in schoolrooms, though some teachers are less frank in stating it. Have you ever watched your own mind in order to learn why and when and to what you yourself are attentive? If so, you have learned that you listen when you are interested, or when you expect to gain something through listening. So with the children. They will never listen simply because they are told to pay attention. Your time is thrown away in such efforts. Vary your exercises, present subjects in new ways, distribute questions so that everyone must be busy, awaken desire to excel, and But lead, to seek new fields of knowledge. do not drive.”

When we think of the "noble army" of teachers whose earnings go, like yours, to support loved ones at home, we are hopeful for our schools. Such faithful care will be joined to loyal work.

Three things you can do. Buy, read, and study one good book on teaching every year; take some good journal of education; and, if possible, spend a few weeks at the nearest summer school, for the sake of the help and the inspiration that comes of associating

with others in the work.

School Room
HELPS

(The Editor would be pleased to receive contributions for this department.)

Search Questions.

By N. C. BROWN.

1. What is meant by the Boston stone? the London stone? the golden milestone of Rome ?

Westbrooke, Maine. Wood-pu'p is used. 2. Where is the largest rubber factory in the world?

Woonsocket, R. I.

3. Why are taxes levied ?

4. What is the difference between the

sors?

3. Which is the longer, the polar or equatorial axis of the world?

Wisconsin, pearls.

1. What is a jury of one's peers?

2. Why are books copyrighted?

2. What is sand?

1. Are all patented articles practical? 2. What is naptha?

3. From what direction does our summer winds come?

4. Our winter winds?

Yours with great respect and esteem, O. H. PERRY."

1. How many stars has the American flag? 44.

2. What states have been admitted to the Union within the last four years?

North and South Dakota, Montana, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming.

3. How was Garfield honored at his death by the British ?

The bell of St Paul's Cathedral was rung.

and a scheme?

3.

4.

What is meant by cold storage? Why is the Eiffel tower eight inches shorter in winter than in summer?

5. Why is soup meat put on the fire in cold water?

1.

2.

How did Wa'l street get its name?
Who was Gen. Custer ?

3. When and where did he die ?
What are Lutmegs ?

4.

5. How do the Japanese divide the day? Into six day hours from the rising to the setting of the sun, and into six night hours from the setting to the rising of the sun. The dials of their clocks are figured with the twelve numerals but the hands do not correspond with ours being regulated by a curious mechanism to correspond with the length of the days and nights.

1. Which was admitted into the Union first, North or South Dakota?

When they were presented for the president's signature the question of priority came up, so the president ordered both documents covered down to the blank line left

Bishop of London, or the Lord Mayor of London.

4. How was Ben Johnson buried?

In an upright position that he might not occupy more than the spot 18 inches square in Westminster for which he asked his sovereign.

1. How are baby humming birds fed ? Ans. They put their tiny bills in the mother's mouth and suck the juices they find there.

2. What bird resembles the mocking bird when singing?

Ans. The thrush.

3. What is remarkable about the king bird ?

Ans. His courage in attacking large birds.

4 What kind of a crest has the king bird?

Ans. On its crested head is a tiny patch of orange feathers that shows only when the bird is angry or excited.

5. Why is the king bird called beemartin?

Ans. Because he pursues and eats drone

Professional Examinations.

N. Y., Jan. 11 and 12, 1894. SECOND and THIRD GRADE.

CIVIL GOVERNMENT.

Each of the following questions has ten credits assigned to it.

1. The American plan of government is that the States reserve to themselves as much power as possible, and delegate to the General Government only such powers as are absolutely necessary to a strong central government. Give two illustrations of this.

How does the State constitution differ from that of the United States in its provision for the origin of bills?

3. For what three general purposes may Congress levy taxes?

4. What check is placed upon the President in his action toward foreign powersfor example, in making treaties, ap. pointing embassadors, ministers, etc.? 5. (a) What is the salary of the Vice-President? (b) What Legislative officers receive the same salary?

6. When shall the Lieutenant-Governor not act as a member of the court of impeachment? Why?

7. State with reference to Congress (a) the number of representatives; (b) the number of Senators; (c) the number of representatives from this State; (d) the number of Senators from this State. 8. The sheriff is required by law to give bonds for the faithful performance of his duties. Why this requirement? 9. By whom are vacancies in the following offices filled: (a) County Judge; (b) Coun. ty Treasurer; (c) School Commissioner? 10. (a) For what purpose are the constitu. tional conventions in this State held? (b) By whom are the members of such convention chosen?

DRAWING.

Each of the following questions has ten credits assigned to it. Use compasses for drawing circles. Take measurements from ruler.

THE MEASURE OF ALL WORK SHALL BE AT LEAST ONE INCH.

1. (a) What hue would be found, by mixing one part orange with four parts of yel. low? (b) What hue would be found, by mixing one part green with three parts yellow? (c) What hue would be found, by mixing two parts orange with three parts red? (d) Name in order of position the positive (or standard) colors of the spectrum, from red to green, inclusive.

2. (a) Draw to represent the lower half of a sphere-in front and below the eye. (b) Repeat and modify to represent a basket-having the same outline-the bandle of the basket to be attached at each end of the diameter of the ellipse. 3. (a) Draw to represent a cube having top, front, and left side in view. Diameter 14". (b) Repeat, and modify to repre sent three books, standing side by side touching each other-the whole outline of which shall be the same as the cube.

4. What is the aim of a draughtsman in mak. ing a working drawing? 5. Make a working drawing of a common square-headed bolt.

6. From sketch here given, draw a pattern from which a cup of the same shape could be made. Diameter 2". altitude 14", handle "wide at top, " wide at base, and 2" long.

7. Name four manufactured articles, where application of spirals are found.

8. Draw to represent the Ogee curve, (compound or reverse).

9. Draw to represent six splints, " wide, 3" long-woven.

10. (a) Copy outline of iris here given. (b) Draw conventionalization of iris, known in French ornament as the Fleur-de-lis.

BEADING.

To be supplied by the Commissioner.

AMERICAN HISTORY.

Each of the following questions has ten credits assigned to it.

1. (a) Upon whose discoveries did the English base their claim to the coast from New Foundland to Virginia? (b) Upon

whose explorations did the Dutch base their claim to the coast from Cape Cod to Delaware Bay?

2. Trace the course of La Salle from the mouth of the St. Lawrence, to the mouth of the Mississippi river.

3. Name the three classes of colonial governments existing at the beginning of the Revolution. Tell to which class the following colonies belonged. (a) New York; (b) Rhode Island; (c) Massachusetts; (d) Pennsylvania; (e) Virginia. 4. What was the origin of the debt, the im. position of which upon the colonies, was one of the causes of the Revolution? Mention two of the leading military operations of the year 1776.

5.

6.

(a) What was the national capital during Washington's administration? (b) In whose administration was the capital removed to Washington?

7. (a) To what man are we chiefly indebted for the purchase of Louisiana? (b) Name four states since taken from that territory.

8. (a) What reason did the United States allege for declaring war upon Mexico? (b) What was the real reason for forcing Mexico into war?

9. (a) Who were the two leading candidates for the presidency in 1856? (b) What was the main question at issue in that campaign?

10. (a) What world's fair was held at Philadelphia? (b) In what year was it held? (c) to commemorate what event? (d) Why was it appropriate that that fair should be held at Philadelphia?

CURRENT TOPICS.

Of the following questions candidates will answer only eight, to each of which twelve and one-half credits is assigned.

What great scientist died during Decem. ber last?

(a) When and at what place did the present Congress meet? (b) The State legis. lature?

4. In what State and on what water is (a) St. Louis? (b) Seattle? (c) Savannah? (d) Minneapolis? (e) Baltimore?

5. Mention five lakes of the State of New York, whose waters reach Lake Ontario through the Oswego river.

6. Make statements about Holland with ref. erence to (a) surface compared with sea level; (b) principal means of transportation; (c) exports.

7. Where is (a) Pike's Peak? (b) Popocatepetl? (c) Ararat? (d) Aconcaqua? (e) St. Elias?

8. State two principal causes that have contributed to the growth of (a) Denver; (b) Pittsburg.

9. What is the approximate distance from (a) New York to Liverpool? (b) San Francisco to Yokohoma? (c) San Fran. cisco to Honolulu?

10. Mention two exports of (a) the Congo Free States; (b) India; (c) Mexico.

ORTHOGRAPHY.

Words to be pronounced by the Commissioner

COMPOSITION.

Write a composition on one of the following subjects:

1.

2.

2.

8.

State important facts briefly relative to the explosion of a bomb in the French Chamber of Deputies.

3.

12 sq. rd. 8 sq. yd. 5 sq. feet. is what part of 86 sq. rd. 8 sq. ft ?

Gloves are sold at $.90 a pair, which is 163% less than the price they are marked, but which is 121% more than they cost. What per cent above cost were they marked?

8. To what common unit of measure may (a) Troy weight and avoirdupois weight be reduced? (b) Dry measure and liquid measure? (c) Linear measure and surveyors' long measure?

1. How I SPENT THANKSGIVING DAY. RESOLVED THAT THE INTRODUCTION OF MACHINERY HAS BEEN BENEFICIAL TO MANKIND (Write in affirmative or negative.)

A DESCRIPTION OF A SNOW STORM. 4. TRUE FRIENDSHIP.

Credits will be given on the merits of the composition with particular reference to three points:

1. The matter, i. e., the thoughts expressed. (25) 2. The correctness and propriety of the language used. (25)

3. The orthography, punctuation, division into paragraphs, use of capitals, and general appearance. (25) (For remaining 25 credits, see Regulations.)

GRAMMAR.

(1) And, indeed, I have observed that a mar. (2) ried man falling into misfortune is more (3) apt to retrieve his situation in the world (4) than a single one; partly, because he is (5) more stimulated to exertion, by the nec(6) essities of the helpless and beloved beings (7) who depend upon him for subsistence; (8) but chiefly because his spirits are soothed (9) and relieved by domestic endearments, (10) and his seif-respect kept alive by finding (11) that, though all abroad is darkness and (12) humiliation, yet there is still a little world (13) of love at home, of which he is the (14) monarch.-[WASHINGTON IRVING.

The first 8 questions refer to the above selection.

NOTES.-1. A combination of subject and predicate is called a clause. Clauses are principal or subordinate.

2. Subordinate clauses include (a) subject clauses; (b) objective clauses; (c) adjective clauses; (d) adverbial clauses.

3. In naming a clause, include only its unmodified subject and unmodified predicate.

4. A preposition with its object is called a phrase. 5. In naming a phrase, give only the preposition and its unmodified object.

6. A modifier may be a word, phrase, or clause. In giving modifiers, if words, name the part of speech to which they belong. In like manner state the character of modifying phrases and clauses, as adjective, adverbial, etc.

7. An object of a transitive verb is classed as a modifler of that verb. 8. Only eight parts of speech are recognized the articles the and a forming a subdivision of adjectives, and participles being one of the forms of verbs. 9. Infinitives are classed as modes of the verb. 10. In parsing a noun or pronoun, observe the following order: Class, person, number, gender, case. Give the reason for case. In parsing a relative pronoun, state the agreement with fts antecedent.

11. In giving the syntax of a noun or pronoun, give only the case and the reason for it. 12. Treat verbs as divided into two classes only, viz., transitive and intransitive: A transitive verb may be used in the active or the passive voice.

18. In parsing a verb, observe the following order: Principal parts, regular or irregular, transitive or intransitive, voice, mode, tense, person, number, agreement: give the special use of an infinitive or a participle

after tense.

Each of the following questions has ten credits assigned to it.

1. Classify according to notes 1 and 2 the following clauses: (a) man is apt (lines 2 and 3); (b) He is stimulated (lines 4 and 5); (c) who depend (line 7); (d) Spirits are 800 hed (line 8); (e) He is monarch (lines 13 and 14).

2. (a) Give the object of finding (line 10); (b) What does the clause All is darkness and humiliation modify?

3.

Select two participles, and give the syntax

of each.

4. Give three modifiers of stimulated (line 5), 5. Select an infinitive and state what it

modifies.

6. Give syntax of (a) humiliation (line 12); (b) world (line 12).

7. State to what part of speech the following words belong: (a) indeed (linel); (b) than (line 4); (c) because (line 8): (d) alive (line 10); (e)still (line 12).

8. Select two verbs in the passive voice. 9. Name three classes of adverbs, and give an example of each.

10. In sentences illustrate the use of the four tenses in the potential mode, naming each.

PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE.

Each of the following questions has ten credits assigned to it.

1. Locate with reference to the stomach the (a) spleen; (b) diaphram; (c) pancreas; (d) duodenum: (e) gall bladder.

2. Describe the spinal column with reference to (a) number of vertebræ; (b) means of holding vertebam together; (c) packing and lubrication of joints; (d) passages for spinal nerves.

3. Mention three uses of fat in the body. 4. Mention four means that nature has provided for the protection of the eyes.

5. Describe the lungs, referring briefly to their division into parts, enveloping coat, lining, bronchial tubes, air cells. 6. (a) Describe the section of the middle ear; (b) give two directions for the care of the ear.

7.

What kind of membrane lines the (a) intestines; (b) abdominal cavity?

8. Why are valves necessary to the veins and not to the arteries?

9. Why does the excessive use of alcohol produce a flushed condition or redness of the face?

10. Discuss briefly the proper care of the eyes, referring briefly to (a) character of light; (b) direction from which light should come; (c) size of point; (d) rest of eyes.

SPELLING.

Each of the following words has two credits assigned to it.

1. Finance, 2. milliner, 3. league, 4. propel, 5. commissioner, 6. artisan, 7. chapel, 8. Genesee, 9. concoct, 10. jaundice, 11. patrol, 12. tedious, 13. sympathize, 14. accent, 15. partition, 16. tension, 17. perusal, 18. dictator, 19. fascinate, 20. gracious, 21. Idaho, 22. hemisphere, 23. mucous, 24. depression, 25. hideous, 26. dismissal, 17. Wyoming, 28. heritage. 29. isthmus, 30. meadow, 31. gunning, 32. desolate, 33. luxuriant, 34. Matthew, 35, transmission, 36. majority, 37. molasses, 38. tabular, 39. diagonal, 40. subjugate, 41. gauntlet, 42. Plymouth, 43. ligament, 44. pitiful, 45. topical, 46. traverse, 47. phrase, 48. pernicious, 49. derision, 50. eclipse.

Answers.

CIVIL GOVERNMENT.

1. Answers will differ.

2. The State Constitution allows any bill to originate in either house, but that of the United States requires all bills for raising revenue to originate in the lower house.

3. To pay the public debt. To provide for the common defense. To provide for the general welfare.

4. The Senate must concur in his action.

5. (a) $8,000. (b) The Speaker of the House of Representatives and the President pro tem. of the Senate.

6. (a) When the Governor is on trial. (b) It is presumed that the Lieutenant-Gov. ernor is an interested party.

7. (a) Three hundred twenty-five. (b) Eighty. eight. (c) Thirty-four. (d) Two.

8. He has charge of the property of others and this requirement is to assure them against misappropriation of the same.

9. (a) By the Governor. (b) By the board of supervisors. (c) By the county judge. 10. (a) For the purpose of revising or amending the State Constitution. (b) By the people.

DRAWING.

As the answers will vary, have Commissioners allow full credit, if the answer gives evidence of an understanding on the subject.

1. (a) Orange yellow (b) Green yellow. (c) Orange red. (d) Red, orange, yellow and green.

5. Two of the following: 1. The evacuation of Boston. 2. The attack on Charleston. 3. The battle of Long Island. 4. British occupation of the city of New York. 5. Washington's retreat through New Jersey. 6. The battle of Trenton. 6. (a) The cities of New York and Philadelphia. (b) In the administration of John Adams. 7. (a) Thomas Jefferson. (b) Four of the following: Louisiana, Arkansas, Missis. sippi, Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyoming, Montana.

9.

10.

8. (a) To settle the question of disputed boundary between these countries. (b) To obtain territory for slave States. (a) James Buchanan and John C. Fremont. (b) The restriction of Slavery. (a) The Centennial Exposition. (b) 1876. (c) The Declaration of Independence. (d) Because the Declaration of Independence was made at Philadelphia. METHODS AND SCHOOL ECONOMY.

1. (a) From lack of familiarity with the word and thought. (b) Selecting exercises that have familiar words, or explaining the unknown words and the thought before the child reads.

2. The teacher gives separately the sounds represented by the letters in the word; the pupils reproduce the sounds, and then the combined sound. Then the marks, if any, indicating the sounds of the several letters are placed by the pupils in the authorized way.

3. It cultivates attention. The pupils get the thought of the author. It cultivates the ability to express thought in words. Answers will differ.

4.

5.

All criticism should be deferred till the pupil is through reciting, then other pupils of the class should be allowed to make criticisms.

6. Let promptness on the part of the teacher be the rule; make the studies interesting; have the school-room pleasant; secure the respect of pupils and the coöperation of parents.

7. (a) To educate is to train and discipline the faculties of the mind. b) To instruct is to impart information.

8. By reading to them choice extracts from works of the best authors, and by inducing them to read suitable books.

9. Because each repetition of a fact deepens the impression and tends to fasten it in the memory.

10. The best interest of the school.

1. (a) It should be received several hours before sunrise. (b) London is seventyfive degrees east of New York, therefore, as the earth rotates on its axis from west to east, the sun must rise at New York several hours after it rises at London.

2. It is hemmed in by the Coast Range and Sierra Nevada mountains on the west and by the Rocky mountains on the east, so that the moist winds from the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico do not reach it.

3. (a) Louisiana. (b) Montana, California. (c) Montana, Michigan. (d Pennsyl. vania, West Virginia, Virginia, Michigan, Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Alabama, Ohio. (e) New York. 4. (a) Eastern part of Missouri, on the Mississippi river. (b) Western part of Washington, on Puget Sound. (c) Eastern part of Georgia, on the Savannah river. (d) Eastern part of Minnesota, on the Mississippi river. (e) North-eastern part of Maryland, on Patapsco river.

5. Any five of the following: Canandaigua, Keuka, Seneca, Cayuga, Owasco, Skan. eateles, Oneida, Otisco, Onondaga. 6. (a) Much of its surface is lower than the level of the sea. (b) Canals. (c) Drugs, butter, cheese, iron, sugar, cattle. 7. (a) Near the central part of Colorado. (b) Southern part of Mexico. (c) In western part of Asia, where the Russian, Persian and Turkish territories meet. (d) Southern part of Alaska.

8. (a) Climate, nearness to silver mines, railroads. (b) Its nearness to the great coal and iron mines, excellent facilities for transportation by railroads and river, its great natural gas supply. (a) About 3,000 miles. (b) About 5,000 miles. (c) About 2,000 miles.

1.

2.

Up the St. Lawrence river, through the Great Lakes, along the upper waters of the Mississippi and down that river to the Gulf of Mexico.

9.

10.

(a)

3. Royal, charter, and proprietary. Royal. (b) Charter. (c) Charter. (d) Proprietary. (e) Royal.

4. The expenses incurred in the French and Indian War.