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INDEX

(Illustrations are indicated by page numerals in bold-faced type.)

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Ants, 255;

Alcohol, and ability to do work, 413; | Antherozoid, defined, 154, 155.

and disease, 412, 422;

and longevity, 424;

a poison, 345;

as a food, 344, 346;

effect on blood, 379;

effect on bodily heat, 395;
effect on circulation, 379;

effect on digestion, 364;

effect on excretion, 397;

and their "cows," 256;

artificial nest for, 256.

Aphids and ants, 256.

Appendages of skeleton, 327.
Arachnida, 245, 247.

Archegonium, 153, 155.
Arteries, structure of, 374.
Arthropoda, classified, 247.

effect on intellectual ability, 413; Asexual reproduction, amœba, 193;

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Asymmetry in oyster, 268.
Atwater's experiments, 332.
Auricle, 370.

Bacillus, 175.

Bacteria, and fermentation, 177;
carried by fly, 260, 261, 420;
cause decay, 177;

cause disease, 178;

from human mouth, 179;

in impure water, 433;

in milk, 180;

in schoolroom, 387;
in streets, 419;
nitrogen-fixing, 178;
size and form, 175;

their relation to man, 14.
Bacteriology, defined, 14.
Bark, use of, 104.
Balanced aquarium, 185.
Balancing in birds, 300.
Bean, 65.

Bean seedlings, 78.

Beans, as food, 68.

Beaver, 314.

Bees, 40, 43, 253, 254.

Beer making, 172.

Beetle, characters of, 242.
Benedict's test, 71.
Berry, 53, 63.

Bile, functions of, 360.
Biology, civic, 418;

reasons for study of, 13.

Bird, body of, 297.
Birds, care of young, 304;

classification of, 308, 311;
distribution of, 307;

economic importance of, 304 ;
extermination of, 306;

feathers of, 298;

feet of, 299;

flight of, 298;

migrations of, 307;

nesting habits of, 303, 304;

perching, 309;
perching in, 300.
Bison, 315.

Bladder, urinary, 391.
Bladderwort, 130.
Blastula, 200.

Blood, amount of, 369;

and its circulation, 366;
changes in, in body, 393;
changes in, in lungs, 383, 386;
clotting of, 367;

course of, 372;

distribution of, 369;

exchange in, 376;
function of, 366;
temperature of, 369;

vessels, congestion in, 394;
wastes of, to kidney, 391.

Bodily heat, affected by alcohol, 395 ;
in cold-blooded animals, 393;
regulation of, 392.

Body, daily fuel needs of, 337;
normal heat output of, 339.
Box elder twigs, sections of, 103.
Brain, functions of parts, 403;
of man, 401.
Bread mold, 149;

growth of, 150.

Breathing, and lacing, 388;

hygienic habits of, 388;

mechanics of, 384;

movements in, 383, 384;

rate of, 384.

Bronchi, 382.

Bruises, treatment of, 378, 394.
Bryophytes, 157.

Bud, structure of, 98, 99.
Budding, 110.

Buds, factors in opening of, 99;
position of, 100.

Bugs, 242, 243.

Bumblebee, 40, 41, 42, 253.
Burns, treatment of, 394.
Butterfly, 237;

compared with moth, 238.

Calorie, defined, 333.

Calorimeter, respiration, 332.

Calyx, 34.

Cambium layer, use of, 104, 111.
Canal, semicircular, 408.

Capillary circulation in frog's foot,

373.
Carapace, 222.

Carbohydrates, 24, 331.

Carbon, properties of, 21.

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Chemical element and compound, 18. Cortex, 87;

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Dandelion, 86;

leaves of, 118.

Decay by bacteria, 177.
Deliquescent tree, 100.
Dermis, 321.

Development, of bee, 254;
of crayfish, 226;
of fly, 241;

of frog, 288, 289, 290;
of lobster, 227;
of moth, 239.
Diaphragm, 357;

in respiration, 384.
Diastase, action of, 72.
Diatoms, 149.
Dichogamy, 48.
Dicotyledons, 73.
Dietary, best, 333.
Digestion, 352;

and absorption, 352;

effect of alcohol on, 364;

in corn grain, 71;
in crayfish, 225;

in fishes, 278;

in plants, 106;

of starch, 356;

organs of, 206, 352;
purpose of, 352.

Digestive tract in frog, 287.

Dipnoi, 284.

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Eating, hygienic habits of, 363.
Economic importance, of alcoholic
poisoning, 416;

of birds, 304;
of carnivora, 313;
of corals, 210;

of earthworms, 215;
of ferns, 156;

of food in roots, 95;

of insects, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265;

of leaves, 128;

of lobster, 228;

of mollusks, 269, 271;

of parasitic worms, 219;
of plants, 170;

of roots and stems, 109;
of snakes, 295;

of starfish, 272;
of trees, 133, 135.
Ectoderm, defined, 200.

Egg, development of, 200.

Egg cell, 37, 153, 155, 227, 280, 288.
Egg-laying habits of fishes, 280.
Elasmobranch, 283, 284.

Embryo sac, 36, 156.

Endoderm, defined, 200.

Endoskeleton, 275, 279.
Endosperm, use of, 69, 72.
Energy, defined, 20.

Entomostraca, 231.
Environment, 17.

Enzyme, action upon fibrinogen,

367;

in saliva, 357.

Enzymes, 72, 353;

in blood, 366, 367;

in gastric juice, 358;

reversible action of, 366.

Epicotyl, 65.

Epidermis, 321.

Epiglottis, 354.

Erosion, by streams, 133, 134;
prevented by organic covering,
135.

Esophagus, 352, 354, 357.

Eustachian tube, 354, 408.

Excretion, effect of alcohol upon,

397;

in crayfish, 226;

organs of, in man, 390.

Excurrent tree, 100.
Exercise, and health, 421;
in hygiene, 427.
Exoskeleton, 222.
Expiration, 384.
Eye, coats of, 409;

defects in, 410;
human, 409;

image formed in, 410;

of crayfish, 223;

of insect, 236.

Facets, 236.

Family, defined, 157.

Fatigue, defined, 378.
Fats, 24, 331.

Fermentation, chemistry of, 172.

Ferns, characteristics of, 155.
Fertilization, 37, 155, 153.
Fevers, 394.

Fibrin, 367.

Fibrinogen, 367.

Fibrovascular bundles, 88;

of a monocotyledon, 108;
use of, 101.

Filament, 34.

Fisheries of world, 282.

Fishes, appendages of, 275;
body of, 275;
classification of, 283;
migration of, 282;

protection of, 283.

Fission, 30, 192.

Flatworms, 216.

Flower, color and odor of, 41;

dimorphic, 49;

fertilization of, 36;

pistillate, 47, 68;

relation to fruit, 65;
staminate, 46, 47, 68;
structure of, 34;
trimorphic, 49.
Flowers, work of, 34.
Fly, foot of, 241;

Food, in hygiene, 425;
laws, 343;

necessity of, 405;
storage in stem, 109;
swallowing of, 357;

vacuoles, 191, 193;
values, 340, 341;

waste in kitchen, 342;
why we need, 330.

Food taking, in clams, 267;

in crayfish, 223;

in earthworm, 214;

in fishes, 279;

in hydra, 202;

in insects, 235;

in snakes, 295;

in the starfish, 272;
in turtles, 293;

organs of, 206.

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typhoid, 240, 260.

Food, 24;

and dietaries, 330;

and health, 420;

discovery of value of, 332;
economy, 337;

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