chronisms the blunders of untaught genius, nor in his neglect of the unities a wanton defiance of the classical school. Nor, on the other hand, does he discover from Shakspeare's writings that he was at once a soldier, a lawyer, an ethnologist, and a poacher, or elevate the poet into a rival of Dr. Pancrace, who knew all things, from fables to "oneiro-criticism and physics." The translation, which is excellent throughout, preserves much of the grace and charm of the original. We hope the book will obtain such success as to induce the translator and the publisher to give to the English-reading public the second part of M. Stapfer's work, Shakespeare and the Greek Tragedians. British Mezzotinto Portraits. Described by John contend were personified in the demons of hunger, heat, cold, &c., besides demons which arose from natural objects, such as mountains, and from illusions, such as the will-o'-the-wisp. As, however, man passed from his primitive state into one more civilized-having in the mean time mastered many of what were once insurmountable difficulties-it was only natural that these demons should decline from their terrible proportions and make way for more general forms, expressing comparatively abstract conceptions of physical evil. Thus Mr. Conway traces the decline of demon worship, and shows how physical evil in its complex aspect was linked with the symbolical form of the dragon-that fabulous monster who figures so conspicuously in the superstitions and traditions of most countries in the world. He then, by a further process of evolution, describes how the dragon, as the natural offspring of demon worship, at last itself became the embodied idea of the devil-the generalized expression for an active, powerful, and intelligent enemy of mankind, "a being who is antagonism organized, and able to command every weapon in nature for an anti-human purpose." The distinction, therefore, which Mr. Conway draws between the demon and the devil is this, that the latter was the outcome of the former, the world having been haunted by demons for many ages before there was an embodiment of their spirit in any representative form, much less of a principle of evil in the universe. And whereas the early demons had no moral character, it required a much higher development of the moral sentiment to give rise to the conception of a devil. Such is, in brief, an outline of the way in which, by an elaborate chain of well-rections, with an index of painters and an index of persifted evidence, Mr. Moncure Conway reviews the history of demonology and devil lore. Those who have been in the habit of accepting unquestioningly many an old religious dogma will necessarily dissent from much that he advances, but all students must thank him for so valuable a contribution to scientific research. Shakespeare and Classical Antiquity. By P. Stapfer. Chaloner Smith. Part III. (Sotheran & Co.) THE third volume of this thoroughly useful work brings us nearly to the conclusion of the range which the author had undertaken to deal with. The list of engravers' names here extends to Vispre, and only those of a few more, including the two Watsons, remain to be disposed of. The number of John Smith's works in the present volume amounts to 287, and that of John Raphael Smith to 200. In Part I. the works of Faber, Jun., amounted to 419, and in Part II. those of Mac Ardell to 201. The present instalment betrays no diminution of spirit, precision, and copiousness; in fact, it contains even more matter than the preceding ones. The author announces that the fourth and last part will be issued in two divisions, the first containing the remainder of the engravers, and the second additions and corsonages, with references to the pages. These supplemental branches will be of the utmost utility, and will render the book to a certain class of students a work of every-day necessity. It has already, within our own knowledge, served on important occasions to identify missing pictures, and to supply names to portraits that had hitherto been wanting. The Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage of the British Empire for 1881. By Joseph Foster. (Nichols & Son.) IF there be one book to which the denunciation of Callimachus, Μέγα βιβλίον μέγα κακόν, does not apply, it is assuredly a Peerage and Baronetage, provided that the amount of information to which it owes its greatness be accurate and complete, although such information be concerning the less important members of the aristocratic families recorded in it, like the wellknown Lady O'Looney, "first cousin of Burke, commonly called the Sublime." But to speak seriously-anda Peerage is a serious book, for is it not the recognized record of the families of those men whose genius, valour, and talents have won for England her proud position among the nations of the world?-Mr. Foster's Peerage, Baronetage, and Knightage, which in the volume before us is brought down to the close of December last, includes notices of the recently created earldoms of Lytton, Lathom, and Sondes; the viscounty of Sherbrooke; the eleven baronies of Shute, Watson, Haldon, Wimborne, Ardilaun, Lamington, Donington, Trevor, Rowton, Mount Temple, and Brabourne; of Lord Amherst, summoned to the House of Lords in his father's barony; also of the eleven baronetcies conferred, and the numerous additions made to the ranks of the various Orders of Knighthood. The names of the several statesmen, warriors, and civilians thus honoured will be found, accompanied by an account of their services, in the pages devoted to the record of the members of the various ranks and orders to which they belong, be they members of the peerage. baronetage, or knightage. Woodcut illustrations of the armorial bearings of the peers, baronets, &c., whose descents are recorded are profusely scattered throughout Mr. Foster's pages, and add to the value and utility of the large and handsome volume which they illustrate. Do not let the reader be startled by this second allusion to the size of the volume. The book, be it remembered, is a record of facts, and Sir Egerton Brydges-no mean judge of the value of such facts-did not hesitate to extend his edition of Collins's Peerage to nine octavo volumes; and those nine volumes do not contain much more than Mr. Foster has contrived to incorporate in the goodly octavo before us, which is printed in double columns, in a rather small but beautifully clear type, each column containing nearly as much matter as two pages of Sir Egerton Brydges's edition-" the last and best," as it is generally described in booksellers' catalogues. Mr. Foster's Peerage, with its sixteen or eighteen hundred doublecolumned pages, contains, therefore, nearly as vast an array of facts and dates as are to be found in the last Collins. We do not venture to assert that there are no errors of omission or commission discoverable in this enormous array of such materials, but so far as we have tested the book it is as correct as such a book can reasonably be expected to be; the few errors that critical eyes may detect and kindly communicate to the editor will gradually get eliminated, so that, if a Peerage without errors or blunders be possible, Mr. Foster may reasonably hope within a very few years to exhibit to the British public "That faultless monster which the world ne'er saw," -a Peerage rivalling in accuracy the best-edited classic that ever issued from the press. THE Rev. Digby S. Wrangham, M.A., Vicar of Darrington, Yorkshire, proposes, if sufficient encouragement be given by the number of subscribers, to produce a new edition of The Liturgical Poetry of Adam of St. Victor. We are sure that many of our readers will be glad to assist a movement that has for its object to extend the circle of readers and admirers of one who has been described by Archbishop Trench as "the foremost among the sacred Latin poets of the Middle Ages," and by Dr. Neale as "the greatest Latin poet, not only of medieval, but of all ages." The price of the work will be 17. 18., and intending subscribers' names will be received by the Rev. Digby Wrangham, Darrington Vicarage, Pontefract. Chapters from the History of Old Saint Paul's is the title of a new work by the Rev. Dr. W. Sparrow Simpson, editor of Documents Illustrating the History of St. Paul's (Camden Society). t will be published shortly by Mr. Elliot Stock. THE name of Henry Sotheran & Co. is a sufficient guarantee for the interest of any list issued by that firm. Their first Manchester catalogue, on acquiring the business of Mr. Thomas Hayes, should be carefully scanned by all lovers of literature and art. WE are glad to learn that our friend, Mr. E. H. Marshall. M.A., has been appointed librarian to the library at Hastings founded by Mr. Brassey, M.P. WE have to record the death at Bath, on January 7, aged seventy, of an accomplished scholar and a great friend of the late Lord Lytton, the Rev. Charles B. Pearson, late Rector of Knebworth, Hertfordshire, and formerly vicar of Chiddingfold, Surrey. He held for many years a prebendal stall in Salisbury Cathedral. He was a son of the late Very Rev. Hugh N. Pearson, many years Dean of Salisbury, and a brother of the Rev. Prebendary Jervis (formerly Pearson), the learned author of The History of the Gallican Church. Mr. Pearson was the author of an English verse translation of the Sequences from the Sarum Missal. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notice: ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. V. M.-1. The point is one on which practice seems to vary. The marks of cadency were primarily intended to difference the sons from their father in his lifetime. Yet "in actual practice in our own times," as the late Mr. Boutell his remarked (Heraldry, Historical and Popular, 1864) "these differences are rarely used by brothers of the same family during their father's lifetime, but they are almost universally regarded as the hereditary marks of the junior branches of the same family." We have italicized those words of Mr. Boutell which seem to bear most directly upon the point you raise. If the marks are to be taken as hereditary, it is obvious that the family history would only be confused by such a shifting use as you suggest. And we incline to think it would be wrong, on any theory of their character, so to vary the bearing of marks each of which has a distinct meaning. We ourselves agree with Dugdale, Nisbet, Mackenzie, and other authorities cited by Mr. Seton (Law and Practice of Scottish Heraldry, 1863), against the proposition of the hereditary and permanent use of what were only intended as temporary marks of difference. We should prefer in the case you put to difference by change of tincture, or by a bordure, &c., as is usual in Scottish heraldry-2. Royal cadency, for which you should consult Boutell, Seton, &c., is governed by special laws, based on the special circumstances of the case, ie, as Mr. Seton says, that the arms of the sovereign are those of the State, and that, therefore, none of the children of the blood-royal are entitled to arms by descent. J. C. M. (Liverpool).—Their interest would not justify the insertion of the epitaphs you forward; moreover, they are of too recent a date. She was the daughter of a land agent. F. W. GREGORY ("Gregory Family ").- Please draw up the query in the form in which you wish it to appear, and we will endeavour to insert it. R. &....The subject is quite exhausted. We shall be glad to renew acquaintance on some other matter. A. W. T.-We shall be glad to have it. We are not aware of the periodical to which you refer. W. M. B.-Hampshire. The full text of the inscription might be of interest to genealogists. H. R. H. GOSSELIN.-Havnia is the Latin form of Copenhagen. W. F. (Dover).-We shall be glad to forward prepaid letters to our correspondents. See ante, p. 76. F. H. (Linden Gardens).-As soon as possible. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of Notes and Queries '"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return communications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. ENDYMION. For A KEY to LORD BEACONSFIELD'S NOVEL, "ENDY MION," SEE NOTES AND QUERIES for 8th January, 1881. ** A Copy will be sent upon the receipt of 44d. in stamps. JOHN FRANCIS, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C. With the ATHENÆUM of DECEMBER 25, 1880, WAS PUBLISHED A SPECIAL SERIES OF ARTICLES ON CONTINENTAL LITERATURE DURING 1880. Among them are Belgium, by MM. E. DE LAVELEYE and P. FREDERICQ; Bohemia, by Prof. SCHULZ; Denmark, by M. V. PETERSEN; France, by M. G. MASSON; Germany, by HOFRATH ZIMMERMANN; Holland, by E. VAN CAMPEN; Hungary, by Prof. VÁMBÉRY; Italy, by Prof. DE GUBERNATIS; Norway, by M. JÆGER; Poland, by Dr. BELCIKOWSKI; Portugal, by M. T. BRAGA ; Spain, by Señor RIAÑO; and Sweden, by M. AHNFELT. A Single Copy will be sent upon receipt of Six Penny Stamps. QFFICE for ADVERTISEMENTS, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Every SATURDAY, of any Bookseller or News-agent, Price THREEPENCE, Each Half-yearly Volume complete in itself, with Title-Page and Index. REVIEWS of every important New Book, English and Foreign, and of every new English Novel. REPORTS of the LEARNED SOCIETIES. AUTHENTIC ACCOUNTS of Scientific Voyages and Expeditions. CRITICISMS on Art, Music, and the Drama. LETTERS from Foreign Correspondents on subjects relating to Literature, Science, and Art. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES of Distinguished Men. ORIGINAL POEMS and PAPERS. WEEKLY GOSSIP on Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music, and Is so conducted that the reader, however distant, is in respect to Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music, and the Drama, on an equality in point of information with the best informed circles of the Metropolis. OFFICE for ADVERTISEMENTS, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. Published by JOHN FRANCIS, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. ETON COLLEGE.-A description of the Library belonging to Eton College will appear in NOTES AND QUERIES for SATURDAY NEXT. Sent post free on receipt of 44d. in stamps. Published by JOHN FRANCIS, 20, Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C. WANTED to PURCHASE, Early and Illumi nated Manuscripts-Fine Specimens of Bookbinding-Books Printed on Vellum-Miniatures - Enamels-Ivories-Fine Old Sèvres, Dresden, or English China-Early Prints, Etchings, Engravings, and Drawings. Rev. J. C. JACKSON, 11, Angel Court, Throgmorton Street, E. C. THE ENGLISH DIALECT SOCIETY'S ANNUAL MEETING, MONDAY, February 7, at 12 noon, in the Central Free Library, Manchester. Subscription, 11 a Year. Thirty Publications now issued. Lists and Report will be sent on application to J. H. NODAL, Hon. Sec. Heaton Moor, near Stockport. J With Index, price 10d. From the Athenæum:-"A capital reproduction from one of the searcest works of its kind, made in fac-simile from a copy in the library of the late Sir W. Stirling Maxwell. These letters have a charm of their own, which is due to careful combination of lines, delicacy and extreme spirit of delineation, picturesque grouping of incidental detail, and precise engraving." From the Jeweller and Metal Worker:-"Messrs. G. Waterston & MR. L. HERRMAN'S Fine Art Gallery, 60, established 92, Great Russell Street. A Gallery of Fine Works of Art, THE PRINTERS of Society, the Citizen, Four other Newspapers, Twenty Monthly Periódicals, and other Publications, possess unrivalled facilities both at London and Chilworth for the production of this class of work. Estimates furnished. A GEORGE WATERSTON & SONS, London, 9, Rose Street; Third Edition, 18. post free, SKETCH of the LIFE and MISSION of ST. BENEDICT. With an Appendix containing a List of all the Churches and Monasteries in England dedicated to St. Benedict, with the date of their foundation. JOHN HODGES, 24, King William Street, Charing Cross, W.C. Now ready, in 2 vols. crown 8vo. price 168. UNWIN BROTHERS, The Gresham Press, 1094, Cannon Street, E.C. SELECTED ESSAYS on LANGUAGE, MYTHO OCCULT LITERATURE.-MR. WILSON's New CATALOGUE is now ready, containing nearly Eleven Hundred Works on Alchemy. Amulets and Charms, Angels, Apparitions, Astrology, Chiromancy Demonology, Dreams and Visions, the Druids, Electricity and Magnetism, Exorcisms, Folk-lore, Freemasonry and the Rosicrucian Mystery, the French Prophets, Geomancy, the Kabbala, Magic, the Mystics and Quietists, Oracles and the Sibyls, Physiognomy, the Platonists, Præ-existence, Rejuvenescence, Secret Writing, Sorcery, the Soul, Vampyres, the Weapon-Salve and Curing by Sympathy, Witchcraft, &c. Free to any address for Six Stamps.JOHN WILSON, 12, King William Street, Charing Cross. TO BOOKBUYERS. EDWARD AVERY begs re spectfully to call attention to his CATALOGUE of RAKE and CURIOUS OLD ENGLISH LITERATURE. Post free, Penny Stamp.-18, Carlisle Street, Soho Square, W. 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E PPS'S Coco "By a thorough knowledge of the natural laws which govern the operation of digestion and nutrition, and by a careful application of the fine properties of well-selected Cocoa, Mr. Epps O COA. has provided our breakfast tables with a delicately-flavoured beverage which may save us many heavy doctors' bills. It is by the judicious use of such articles of diet that a constitution may be gradually built up until strong enough to resist every tendency to disease. Hundreds of subtle maladies are floating around us ready to attack wherever there is a weak point. We may escape many a fatal shaft by keeping ourselves well fortified with pure blood and a properly nourished frame."-Civil Service Gazette. JAMES EPPS & CO. HOMEOPATHIC CHEMISTS, MAKERS OF Errs's CHOCOLATE ESSENCE FOR AFTERNOON USE. GRATEFUL and COMFORTING. |