to efface this record of Danish heathendom. What I then feared had very nearly come to pass. The lord of the manor, being desirous of improving his property, applied to the Enclosure Commissioners for a permissive order to enclose the common and to lay it out for building villas, for which the site is admirably adapted. A commission of inquiry was sent down, which communicated with the Corporation of Birkenhead, being the nearest market town. It happened, fortunately, that the article in "N. & Q." had been seen and noticed by several members of this Corporation, who drew the attention of the commissioner to the desirability of preserving the monument. The result has been that not only will the monument be preserved, but sixty acres of the surrounding land are to be set apart for a public park. The gigantic rock altar, with its beautiful natural amphitheatre, will thus be kept intact for ages yet to come. This circumstance, I think, affords encouragement to those who interest themselves in the preservation of our remnants of antiquity. Sandy knowe, Wavertree. J. A. PICTON. THE REMOVAL OF BOOK-PLATES (6th S. ii. 445, 491). As indignation appears to have prompted verses in one of your contributors, perhaps the following old-fashioned performance on this theme may be of interest : "The BOOK-PLATE'S Petition. I lost the Third that own'd me when Safe in the brass-wir'd book-case where Must I be torn from hence and thrown Nay, rather, FRIEND, this favour grant me : Tear me at once; but dont transplant me! "Cheltenham, Sept 31, 1792." EX-LIBRIS. PORTRAIT OF SIR THOMAS BROWNE (6th S. ii. 447).-COL. FERGUSSON will find all the information he requires in Wilkin's Supplementary Memoir of Sir Thomas Browne, in the first volume of his complete edition of his Works, 1835, 4 vols., 8vo. (reprinted in "Bohn's Antiquarian Library," 1852, 3 vols.). But in case he has not easy access to the book, I may mention that there is in the College of Physicians of London a portrait of Sir Thomas Browne, supposed by Dr. Munk (Roll of the Coll. of Fhysicians, vol. i. p. 305) to have been given by his son, Dr. Edward Browne, who was president of the College from 1704 till his death in 1708. Sir Thomas Browne's daughter Anne married Henry Fairfax, grandson of Thomas, Lord Viscount Fairfax, and her daughter Frances married David, Earl of Buchan. I take the opportunity of asking some questions about the Religio Medici, &c., which I hope will appear shortly, together with the Letter to a Friend, &c., and the Christian Morals, in a volume forming part of the "Golden Treasury Series." 1. There is reason to believe that an edition of the Rel. Med. was published between 1645 and 1656. Can any one give me (from personal inspection or knowledge) the date and other particulars, and also mention where it is to be seen? 2. Sir Thomas Browne says (Rel. Med., pt. ii. sect. 9), "The whole world was made for man, but the twelfth part of man for woman." What does this mean? 3. He says (Christ. Mor., pt. iii. sect. 22), "He is like to be the best judge of time who hath lived to see about the sixtieth part thereof," i.e., apparently when he is seventy or eighty years old. What is the exact meaning of the expression? 4. He mentions (Letter to a Friend, sect. 11) "that endemial distemper of little children in Languedock called the Morgellons." Where is any account of it to be found? W. A. G. Hastings. A KEY TO "ENDYMION" (6th S. ii. 484; iii. 10). -The author of Endymion has far too much tact to make the personages of his novel recognizable imitations of public characters. Of course many traits are copied from the life, or the personages would not be lifelike; but the sketches form so many "dissolving views," which melt into each other in such a way that no sooner do we say, "This is So-andso," than the person changes into something quite different. The second marriage of Lady Montfort, while still young, to the man of her choice, is utterly unlike the experience of Mrs. Norton. The only thing common to Adriana Neufchatel and Lady Burdett Coutts is that they are both rich. Prince Florestan is evidently at first Louis Napoleon, but then he changes into his uncle, and the landing on the south coast of France, and acceptance by the army sent against him, form just a repetition of the return from Elba. Lord Beaumaris drives down to the Derby, and that is all I can see to remind one of the late Lord Derby. Cardinal Manning did not join the Church of Rome till he had attained middle life and become Archdeacon of Sussex. Nigel Penruddock joins it when a young man, and then melts into Cardinal Wiseman, who was born a Roman Catholic. If Mr. Vigo begins as a fashionable tailor, he ends as Hudson, "the railway king." The only resemblance between Sidney Wilton and Sidney Herbert is that they are both named Sidney. St. Barbe is a writer, and so was Thackeray, and there the JAYDEE. resemblance ends. MOWBRAY FAMILY (6th S. ii. 389).-The wife of Roger de Mowbray (son of Nigel de Albini) was Alice de Gant, by whom he had two sons, Nigel and Robert. The former died about the year 1191, and was succeeded by his son William, who was one of the twenty-five barons appointed conservators of Magna Charta in the reign of King John. He died in 1222, and was buried in the priory of Newburgh, in Yorkshire, leaving (by his wife Agnes, daughter of the Earl of Arundel) two sons, Nigel and Roger. The former died without issue in 1228, and the latter, who succeeded him, died in 1266, leaving a son Roger, who died at Ghent in 1297, and was buried in Fountains Abbey, Yorkshire. His wife was Rose, sister to Gilbert, Earl of Clare, by whom he had, amongst others, John, who succeeded him. This baron married the only daughter and heiress of William de Braouse, Lord of Gower, and was eventually, with several other barons, taken prisoner at the battle of Boroughbridge in 1322, executed at York, and hung in chains for conspiracy against King Edward II. He was succeeded by his son John, who, after having distinguished himself in the French wars, died of the plague at York in 1360. His son, John de Mowbray, married Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Segrave, heiress of the Earl of Norfolk, and was killed near Constantinople in 1367, being succeeded by his son John, who dying without issue, the titles and estates devolved upon his brother Thomas, who, after having distinguished himself in various ways, died of the plague at Venice in 1400. His wife was Elizabeth, sister and heiress of Thomas Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, by whom he left two sons, Thomas and John (both of whom eventually succeeded to the title and of Earl of Arundel. Roger de Camvil. Succeeded by his son Nigel, ob, 1228=Maud, daughter of Succeeded by his son John, hanged 1321—Aliva, daughter These descents are taken from the pedigree given at p. 141 of The History and Topography of the Isle of Axholme, by the Rev. W. B. Stonehouse, M.A., London, 1839. Why did C. T. T.-B. not turn to so recent and so useful a work as The Genealogist's Guide to Printed Pedigrees, London, 1879, for which all pedigree-hunters are indebted to Dr. G. W. Marshall, who therein refers to no fewer than twenty publications containing pedigrees, more or less full, of Mowbray? W. E. B. For pedigree of Mowbray family, see Burke. W. L. K. "A GAPING, WIDE-MOUTHED, WADDLING FROG " (6th S. ii. 504).—If any of MR. UDAL'S lady friends are in possession of The Girl's Own Book, by Mrs. Childs, they will find on page 86 (I cannot give the date of my edition, for the titlepage was never an integral portion of it since my memory runneth) the only version of this interesting epic to which I can direct them. There are but twelve couplets (if it be not a bull to say so, since two are triplets and four are uniplets, if that be the right word), and there are a few textual variations. Moreover, there are ten comets and nine peacocks. HERMENTRUde. HERALDIC (6th S. ii. 469).-The arms described closely resemble those borne by the ancient family of Treawyn,-Arg., on a bend vert, between six cross crosslets fitchée, gules, three pastoral staves or. William Treawyn, who was living 13 Hen. IV., 1413, assumed the name of Weare, but retained his ancestral coat of arms. One of this family held Burrington, near Plymouth, at the close of the seventeenth century. The above described arms are on a monument in St. Pancras Church, Pennycross, impaled with Reede, and also on the Knighton monument in St. Budock Church, near Plymouth. Mr. James Knighton, of Weston Mill, Gent., married Joanna, daughter of Mr. Thomas Were, of Burrington. Mary, daughter of Mr. John Were, married Richard Hall-Clarke, of Halberton, Esq. Mr. Richard Hall-Clarke, of Bridewell, near Collumpton, is the present owner of Burrington and other estates once possessed by Reede, Were, and Knighton. St. Budeaux. J. W. The family of Lake, of Smarden, co. Kent, seated eight weeks. Cf. Broadley's Memoirs of Shawe, 1824, pp. 35-37; and Yorkshire Diaries and Autobiographies, Surtees Soc., vol. lxv. pp. 137– 139, where Mr. Jackson, the editor, says :— "Here is one argument at least for the use of these miracle plays, which, in spite of the crusade against them, are still acted in the North. I have heard of the life of Noah forming the subject of one of them in the parish of Halifax within the last few years. When the door of the ark was shut some one was represented as seeking for admission. The answer was, 'Why did you not come in with the procession? JOHN E. BAILEY. THOMAS TODD Stoddart, of KELSO (6th S. ii. 444). A publication, Random Shots and Southern Breezes, by L. F. Tasistro, is alluded to in the notes to Whittier's Poems (see Routledge's edition, 1852, p. 129), so that the name appears to be genuine. W. R. MORfill. "BOYCOTTING" (6th S. ii. 511).—It is well that this word should be recorded in "N. & Q.," but it is of even more importance that the correct meaning should be assigned to it; and I know my friend MR. HOLLAND will excuse me if I point out that his interpretation of it is erroneous. As a COLOURS APPROPRIATED TO THE SAINTS IN ART mere matter of history it should be stated that no (6th S. ii. 86).-OSTIARIUS will find full par-"attacks" were made upon Captain Boycott, nor ticulars of the colours appropriated to the saints in Mrs. Jameson's Sacred and Legendary Art, 2 vols. MERVARID. "Praise God... ye kings, ye vulgar throng." C. E. This word in colloquial Scotch has three meanings, which are entirely distinct: (1.) Throng, a gathering or crowd. (2.) Throng, busy. Thus, "I see you're throng the noo." (3.) Throng, full. A common expression is, "Was the church throng to-day?" or, "There were a good many people at church, but it wasn't throng." WILLIAM GEORGE BLACK. 1, Alfred Terrace, Glasgow. A PASSION PLAY IN ENGLAND IN THE REIGN OF ELIZABETH (6th S. ii. 509).-The circumstance brought forward by Mr. Bone was related by the Rev. John Shawe, some time Vicar of Rotherham, and afterwards of Hull. In 1643 he had to flee to Manchester, where, through Sir William Brereton's influence, he received a ministerial appointment at Lymn, in Cheshire; he preached also in Manchester. Not long after he was invited to Cartmel, in Furness, to a people that were exceeding ignorant and blind as to religion." He went thither at the end of April, 1644, and remained there at any rate, until after the process to which he was there any "attempted destruction of his crops," has given his name had been applied to him. Boycotting is simply a popular equivalent for ostracizing; and it was stated in one of our illustrated papers, to which, I am sorry to say, I have no O'Malley, the parish priest of Lough Mask, who exact reference, to have been invented by Father found ostracizing too difficult a word for popular use, and employed boycotting as a substitute. It should be noted that so rapidly has this recent invention been adopted into the language, that it is already commonly employed in newspapers without the use of inverted commas or a capital letter. JAMES BRITTEN. Isleworth. MYSTERIOUS LAKE SOUNDS (6th S. ii. 327).— MR. W. H. PATTERSON, speaking of the mysterious sounds heard occasionally by dwellers on the shores of Lough Neagh, inquires "if such sounds have been noticed in connexion with other large shallow lakes with low shores in other parts of the world." There is one body of water which I am acquainted with exactly answering to this description, and which derives its name from the fact that mysterious murmurings are heard in its neighbourhood. This lake is very large, very shallow, and, being in a prairie country, its coasts are very low. I refer to Lake Manitoba, in the Canadian province of the same name. This great sheet of water is regarded with much awe by the Indians, who assert that strange noises are frequently heard, The name Manitoba is derived from two Ojibewa words signifying the "Straits of the Great Spirit," or "Manitou." E.... more especially at a place called the "Narrows," first couplet, "Conservata [not conjurata] A. atque where the lake is contracted. coluere" was doubtful, and "Quæ sensere tuos . . . . triumphos" was proposed as a correction. Is the author of the criticism known? Exception has also been taken to the last couplet. I well remember having the lines set in a "Philology" paper at Rugby in December, 1842, and a correction of them desired. The weak point, if there be any, is supposed to lie in the last line; but I think, and a schoolmaster of thirty years' experience may, perhaps, be allowed an opinion, that it does not much matter whether the couplet forms a "consecutive" sentence or a "final" in the first case, as I am sure that I need scarcely point out even to schoolboy readers of "N. & Q.," the construction is quite correct, otherwise ne qua is required. P. J. F. GANTILLON. Without giving the matter very serious consideration, I accepted, when in Manitoba, the explanation regarding these sounds which is popularly current there. The "half-breeds" believe that the noise is caused by the waves beating on the shingle in a particular direction, when the wind is blowing from a certain point of the horizon with a moderate velocity. The Indians, however, call the sound of waves beating on the shore "mood-waosh-kah," and they apparently distinguish between this noise and that which excites their fear and wonder at Lake Manitoba. Gibraltar. R. STEWART PATTERSON, MARGARET DE CLARE, COUNTESS OF CORNWALL (6th S. ii. 446).-May I be allowed to add a correction of this query by way of postscript?| I find that I had overlooked a note made from Rot. Pat. 12 Ed. II., showing that the elder Margaret was defendant in a suit in August, 1309. Her death, therefore, must be subsequent to this date. I am sorry also to have been guilty of a slip of the pen in giving 1315 as the date of the younger Margaret's marriage. It was certainly before Aug. 26, 1309, when "Peter de Gauaston and Margaret his wife" appear on the Fines Roll; and the Chronicle of Dunmow gives the date as Nov. 2, 1307. HERMENTRUDE. THE GREATEST RAILWAY SPEED (6th S. ii. 407). I have always understood Brunel did one hundred miles an hour between London and Bath, and believed it the broad gauge express speed of the future. SCOTUS. Your correspondent asks, What is the reason that EDMUND BERRY GODFREY (6th S. ii. 467).— BICKNELL AND BROOKVILLE (6th S. ii. 469).— This name seems likely to be a contracted form of Bickenhill, which is a Warwickshire placename. The theory is strengthened by the fact that Bicknell was (and perhaps is) a surname in the same county. WM. F. CARter. PUNSTERS AND PICKPOCKETS (6th S. ii. 428, 451). -The terrible dictum referred to is to be found in a scarce little book (there is a copy in the Dyce Library, South Kensington Museum), published in 1722, when Johnson was but thirteen. The title is An Epistle to Sir Richard Steele, on his Play call'd the Conscious Lovers, by Benjamin Victor, and it is an answer to "the acute but petulant critic, John Dennis (see Thompson Cooper's Bio graphical Dictionary, p. 489, for a short notice of him). At p. 28 we read: "Says D[enni]s, (starting up) Sir, the man that will make such an execrable pun as that in my company, will pick my pocket, and so left the room.' The pun which provoked Dennis's displeasure was uttered by Purcell, who, going into a tavern with Congreve, met Dennis, who went in with them. Wanting Dennis out of the room, and knowing that he was "as much surpriz'd at a pun as at a bailiff," Purcell took this way of getting rid of him. So ends another little literary delusion. The next generation must not be brought up in the belief that it was Dr. Johnson who classed punsters with pickpockets. R. F. S. The library, together with his manuscripts, which the poet left to his friend and executor Mr. Mason, was bequeathed by him to Mr. Bright, of Skeffington Hall, Leicestershire, and at his death treated as family property, and sold by auction on Nov. 27, 1845. At that sale Mr. Foss, commissioned by Mr. Penn, of Stoke Pogeis, bid for the original MS. of the Elegy, which, after an animated and sensational competition, was knocked down to him for one hundred pounds.* The MS. was again sold by auction on Aug. 4, 1854, to Mr. Wrightson, of Birmingham, for 1311.+ May I ask your zealous correspondent MR. BATES to give a helping hand in tracing it further? By those who are desirous of tracing the MS. it should be borne in mind that Mr. Penn, the purchaser in 1845 of the MS. Elegy and Odes, had them inlaid on fine paper, bound up in volumes of richly-tooled olive morocco, with silk linings, and each volume finally enclosed in an outer case of plain purple morocco. WILLIAM PLATT. ARTHUR MURPHY (6th S. ii. 468).-Is not the word "wit," in the passage cited by MR. C. A. WARD from Macaulay, a misprint for pit? Murphy was a dramatic author, and the pit in his day was occupied by the critics, and, it was supposed, the most intelligent part of the audience. CHARLES WYLIE. THE ORIGIN OF THE WORD "SNOB" (6th S. i. 436; ii. 329, 358, 415, 433).-It may interest snob is almost invariably used as some of your readers to know that in H.M. Navy a nickname for the ship's shoemaker. My servant at present, who does the work of that rating, is always called by that name, and I have heard it used continually for the last ten years. Malta. C. V. S. It is stated (6th S. ii. 433), on the authority of Hone's Every-Day Book, ii. 837, that "Snob was used in the sense of a cobbler in the Garrett election song 1781" (anent "The Garrat (?) Elections," see Chambers's Book of Days, i. 659 ff.). De Quincey, in his English Mail Coach (iv. 291), observes incidentally in a note :— "Snobs, and its antithesis nobs, arose among the internal factions of shoemakers, perhaps ten years later [than 1804-5]. Possibly enough the terms may have existed much earlier; but they were then first made known, picturesquely and effectively, by a trial at some assizes which happened to fix the public attention." To what trial does De Quincey refer ? SIR JOHN CHEROWIN (3rd S. i. 328, 378; 6th S. ii. 352, 470).—The arms of the family of Curwen of Cumberland on the monument to "John Cherowin, Esq.," afford strong presumptive evidence, but not positive proof, of his connexion with that family. I have met with early examples of the same arms adopted by families bearing different names, a result which might be expected from the fact of our more ancient coat armour being arms of ignore the letters patent, we must assume the assumption, and not of grant. Sherwyn until evidence to the contrary is produced. name of the person buried at Brading to have been That John Sherwyn, Esq., the grantee, was a memhe changed his name, when the family assumed the ber of the family of Curwen is probable, and that name of Curwen in lieu of Culwen, in the reign of Henry VI., is not unlikely; but perhaps this As we cannot |