Stafford.

The arms of Peshall, Bart., of Horsley, co. Stafford, as given in Burke's Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies, are only a cross formée fleurettée sa., on a canton gu., a wolf's head of the first. There is no sinister canton. Sir Thomas Peshall, the last baronet, died in 1712, and since that time the title has lain dormant. Probably the book-plate is that of a descendant of Humphrey Peshall, ancestor of the Peshalls of Halne, to whose family the baronetcy is supposed to have passed, and one of whom may have considered himself entitled to the Ulster badge.

C. R. M. "CHIEFTY" (6th S. iii. 107).-Richardson gives this word in his English Dictionary, and, as illustration,

"He should have remembered that S. Paules chiefetie amo'gst the Apostles, consisted not in having any authoritie or dominion over the rest, but in labouring and suffering more than the rest, and in gifts more excellent than the rest."-T. C. in Whitgift, p. 458.

Birkenhead.

R. S.

This word is not so very rare in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. I give a few examples: Jewel, in his Replie vnto M. Harding, 1565, p. 169, ed. 1611, has, "St. Gregorie saith: The charge and chieftie of the whole Church is committed vnto Peter.'" And so Stanihurst, in his translation of the Eneid, bk. i. p. 11, l. 15 :— "Hee shal bee the regent vntil yeers thirtie be flitted, From the Lauin Kingdoom the state and the chiefty remoouing."

And, lastly, Jeremy Taylor, in his Episcopacie, 1642, p. 343, says,

"If this Ecclesiasticall rule or chiefty be interdicted, I wonder how the Presidents of the Presbyters...... will acquit themselves." XIT.

=

=

of later critics altogether reversed the estimate formed
of her by her contemporaries. Though her work may
now be considered as fragmentary and unsystematic, her
style irregular and ambitious, and her taste deficient in
purity, no one denies her command of eloquence and
pathos, or her union of masculine strength with feminine
grace and acuteness. A life of Madame de Staël was
needed, and Mr. Stevens has supplied a recognized want
with a biography which is both interesting and instruc-
tive. As the daughter of Necker she was early familiar
with the peculiar charm of French society before the
Revolution, and she herself presided over the most
brilliant salon of the Consulate. At her Swiss home,
Coppet, she entertained crowds of distinguished strangers
who turned aside in their travels to visit the famous
authoress of Corinne. Her literary reputation and her
conversational talents would have obtained her a welcome
in the best society of Germany and England; but as an
eye-witness of the horrors of the Revolution, and still
more as the victim of Napoleon's unrelenting persecu
tion, she received a rapturous reception. At the little
Court of Weimar she made the acquaintance of the
brightest ornaments of German literature, and in London
every man of any distinction, literary, scientific, or poli-
tical, sought the honour of her friendship. Not the least
interesting portion of Mr. Stevens's book is the record
many of them left of the impression she produced. We
miss, however, Byron's comparison of her meeting with
Curran to that of the Rhone and the Saône, and his
expression of surprise that the best intellects of France
Berry relates another anecdote, which finds no place in
and Britain should have chosen such ugly abodes. Miss
Mr. Stevens's pages, of Byron's meeting with Madame de
Staël at the house of Sir Humphry Davy, which is in-
teresting and characteristic. Byron was indulging in a
tirade against the tyrannical conduct of the British
Government, when she interrupted with the exclamation,
"Vous comptez pour rien la liberté de dire tout cela
même devant les domestiques!" One of the few life-
like portraits in Crabbe Robinson's diary (also omitted)
is that of Madame de Staël, in which he adds a valuable
touch when he says that she was what Charles Lamb
said all Scotchmen are, "incapable of feeling a joke." A
life so full of variety and incident could not fail to be
interesting, and Mr. Stevens has made a skilful use of
the opportunities his subject afforded him.

Philosophical Classics.-Descartes. By J. P. Mahaffy,
M.A. (Blackwood & Sons.)

"ROUTOUSLY " (6th S. ii. 366, 398, 525; iii. 76). -"Routously" noisily, like a rabble or rout, is DESCARTES could not have been entrusted to better not used in this county; but “raowt" to roar hands than those of Prof. Mahaffy. As a lad Descartes out, is. So also is "rout," but not exactly with the studied under the Jesuits at La Fléche; in his youth he same meaning that it has in Mid-Yorkshire, accord- saw the world as a soldier and Parisian; he wrote and ing to MR. TERRY. In Lincolnshire it means to thought in Holland, and died at Stockholm in his fiftyexamine into, or get at the bottom of a thing, with fourth year. His life was that of a student, but it is not devoid of interest, and Mr. Mahaffy succeeds in prean implication of more or less violence or earnest-senting its chief features briefly and attractively. In ness. "That drawer's all upo' 'eaps; I'll give it theology, physics, mathematics, philosophy, and physioa reg'lar rowting out some o' thease days." logy he did great and original work, and he deserves the title claimed for him by his biographer of the Socrates of the seventeenth century. From an historical point of view the most interesting side of the great influence which he exercised is the effect his writings produced on the foundations of religious belief. Though by no means an atheist, his mental attitude was profoundly sceptical, and he was therefore attacked both by Protestants and Roman Catholics. His philosophy was too speculative to be congenial to English minds, and it is in Germany, and especially on Kant and Hegel, that his influence was greatest. He was without doubt a profound and original thinker, and the general reader will be grateful for the clear and careful sum

Boston, Lincolnshire.

Miscellaneous.

R. R.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.
Life and Times of Madame de Staël. By A. Stevens,
LL.D. 2 vols. (Murray.)

THE literary fame of Madame de Staël was as immediate
as it was universal and splendid, nor has the judgment
*It is not "rooting."

280

NOTES AND QUERIES.

mary of his speculations which is contained in this little
volume.

The Complete Works of Bret Harte.-Vol. IV. Gabriel
Vol. V. Stories and Condensed Novels.
Conroy.
(Chatto & Windus.)
IF Gabriel Conroy, which forms the fourth volume of
this series, were Mr. Harte's first instead of his most
ambitious effort, it would doubtless be justly regarded as
a very remarkable and an exceedingly promising book.
The freshness of the scenery, the novelty of the cha-
racters, and the frequent vigour of the handling would
all be most hopeful points in an untried author, while
the straggling and fitful interest of the plot would be
condoned as a thing which practice and experience
would probably remedy. Unhappily, it has not this
Its diggers and its Mexicans are the old types
with which Mr. Harte's previous books have made us
familiar, and its faults are the faults of an author who
has succeeded notably on earlier, if narrower, fields. It
has also one cardinal defect, namely, that there is
scarcely one of the characters, male or female, for
whom one feels the feeblest concern; and its ostensible
hero, Gabriel Conroy, perhaps more strongly recalls the
Gargerys and Peggottys of Dickens than any other hero
of Mr. Harte's. Nevertheless his admirers will find in

excuse.

this, his least successful work, much that bears the
"The Passing of Mr.
unmistakable mark of genius.
Jack Hamlin" and the opening chapters are in his best
manner, and these are not the only places where he is
thoroughly worthy of himself. It is quite possible that
In the last
publication in a magazine may have seriously affected
the success of this novel as a work of art.
volume, with the "Twins of Table Mountain" and "Jeff
Briggs' Love Story," the author recovers his old prestige;
and although it is, perhaps, inevitable that the "Con-
should suggest certain well-known jeux
densed Novels
d'esprit by Thackeray, the caricatures of Victor Hugo,
Charles Reade, Alexandre Dumas, and one or two others
here given are well worth reading. Mr. Harte is to be
congratulated upon this handsome edition of his works;
it is one of which any author might be proud.

Who are the Welsh? By

St. Paul in Britain. By Rev. R. W. Morgan. Second
edition. (Parker & Co.)
Our Nationalities.-No. 3.
James Bonwick. (Bogue.)
IT is curious to turn from Mr. Morgan's fervid Welsh
patriotism, and implicit, we might almost say boundless,
confidence in the antiquity and trustworthiness of the
Triads, to the critical scepticism of Mr. Bonwick. Mr.
Morgan believes greatly in the Druids; Mr. Bonwick
only moderately. But we think we trace in the latter
author some symptoms of a reaction which is beginning
to operate in scientific circles. In France, of late years-
especially, perhaps, since M. Henri Martin and Sir
Henry Sumner Maine have drawn ethnological and
historical deductions of considerable inportance from
Celtic antiquities-much attention has been paid to this
field. When such historians as M. Fustel de Coulanges
take up the question of Druidism in Gaul, it must be
from a belief that there is something to be gained from
the study. Mr. Morgan represents, to a great extent,
the school which asked too much. Mr. Bonwick is
making his way out of the school which would not grant
enough. There is not a little to be learned from both
writers, when read with the desire to arrive at historic
truth by the use of the comparative method of modern
science.

THE sale of Mr. A. W. Tuer's engravings on the 12th inst. promises to form one of the features of the art

sales season,

Natices to Correspondents.

S. G.-It was cited from Burke's General Armory,
1878, and has not, so far as we know, been printed. The
as yet, received the attention of any of the publishing
counties in which you are specially interested have not,
societies with which we are acquainted. Whether this
societies we do not know. An "Index to the County
deficiency has been remedied in part by local antiquarian
Visitations in the Middlehill Library" is in the catalogue
of the London Library. We do not know of any pub-
lishing society which would be likely to allow what you
suggested in a previous query, but some public and free
A. W.-As one of the Differentiæ Consanguineorum,
libraries lend books on a guarantee being given.
the rose marks the seventh son, in order, we are told,
Charged on a crest, as in the example you
that he may "endeavour to flourish like that excellent
flower."
give, it might indicate such a descent, or it might be.
adopted from the bearings of an allied family. In any
case it would not be safe to assume that a reference is
intended to the Wars of the Roses. Mr. Boutell points
out that in early blazoning little difference appears to
have been recognized between sixfoils and roses.

W. F. V. (Kelso).- Consult Cripps's Old English Plate
and Old French Plate. They are both published by
Mr. Murray, and were reviewed in "N. & Q.,” 5th S. ix.
399 and 6th S. ii, 199.

J. H. W.-You must be referring to the so-called
"Berkeley Square Mystery." See "N. & Q.," 4th S. x. 373,
514; iii. 29, 53, 111, 151.
399; xi. 85; 5th S. xii. 87; 6th S. ii. 417, 435, 452, 471,

J. GOULTON CONSTABLE.-Under "Briefs and Notes in
Parish Registers" ("N. & Q.," 5th S. iv. 447, 481; 6th
S. i. 396; ii. 89, 187, 288, 375), you will find very many
similar instances of collections having been made.

CAN any correspondent refer us to the particular
Van" to the name of Tromp,
the erroneous addition of "
article which appeared in " N. & Q." a few years ago on
the Dutch admiral?

HIC ET UBIQUE.-It was originally the site where the
it to St. James's Park. See Antiquary for April.
game of Palle-malle was played, but Charles II. changed

W. C. S. (Midhurst).-"Strange that a harp,"-Dr.
Watts's Hymns and Spiritual Songs, bk. ii. hymn 19.
C. H. (Salisbury).—It is impossible for us to give an
opinion.

A. T. C. ("With everything that pretty bin," &c.).—
Shakspeare's Cymbeline.

A CORRESPONDENT asks where can be seen a list of the subscribers to Thorvaldsen's statue of Byron.

B. K. asks for the date of Mr. Gladstone's famous

C. H. J. ("Throwing a tub to a whale").-See
comparison of the upas tree with the Irish Church.
SYWL." Halsham Family" next week, if possible.
"N. & Q.," 1st S. viii. 220, 304, 328.
See front page.

"TINY TIM."-Consult a dealer in old china.
J. T. M. (Heraldic).—See ante, p. 32.

WE pay no attention to anonymous communications.

NOTICE.
Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The
""-Advertisements and
Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, 20,
Editor of Notes and Queries'
Wellington Street, Strand, London, W.C.

We beg leave to state that we decline to return com-
to this rule we can make no exception,
munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and

EASTERN

FABRICS, DECORATIVE FURNITURE, RUGS, SILKS, PORCELAINS,

AND ART OBJECTS.

"LIBERTY & CO.'S New Work, 'Eastern Art,' embraces the Art Objects and Industries of the whole Eastern World. It is beautifully illustrated with over 700 Original and Fac-simile Drawings, forming quite a Museum of Oriental Treasures. It is also a Priced Catalogue of Thousands of Unique and Useful Specimens, ranging from One Shilling up to some Hundreds of Pounds." Oblong demy 4to. 1s.; post free, 18. 3d. Court Journal.

IMPORTANT PUBLICATIONS

BY GRIFFITH & FARRAN.

AFGHANISTAN.-A SHORT ACCOUNT of AFGHANISTAN: its History,

and our Dealings with it. By P. F. WALKER, Barrister-at-Law (late 75th Regiment). Cloth, price 2s. 6d. ENLARGED AND THOROUGHLY REVISED EDITION.

The BICYCLE ROAD BOOK.

Compiled for the Use of Bicyclists and

Pedestrians; being a Complete Guide to the Roads of England, Scotland, and Wales, with a List of the best Hotels and Notable Places on each Journey, Population, &c. By CHARLES SPENCER, Author of "The Modern Bicycle," &c. Cloth, price 25.

The CLASSICS for the MILLION; being an Epitome in English of the

principal Greek and Latin Authors. By HENRY GREY, late Secretary to the Stockwell Proprietary Grammar School in Union with King's "The work is done with much conscientiousness."-Scotsman. College. Cloth, price 5s. "The epitomes are correct and useful for reference."-Athenæum. THE WAR IN THE TRANSVAAL.

EIGHT MONTHS in an OX-WAGGON: Reminiscences of Boer Life,

E. F. SANDEMAN. Demy 8vo. cloth, with a Map, price 15s.

"Mr. Sandeman was fortunate in finding more than the usual amount of adventure in the Transvaal."-Athenæum.

By

RECORDS of YORK CASTLE, FORTRESS, COURT HOUSE, and PRISON. By A. W TWYFORD (the present Governor) and Major ARTHUR GRIFFITHS, Author of "The Memorials of Millbank." Engravings and Photographs. Crown 8vo, cloth, price 7s. 6d.

With

"The records....could hardly have been put in a more vivid light....The governor of a prison and an inspector who knows men and prisons enjoy special advantage over others in writing such a book."-Daily News.

A VALUABLE BOOK OF REFERENCE.

The COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS of the SEA; or, Marine Contributions to
Industry and Art. By P. L. SIMMONDS, Author of "The Commercial Products of the Vegetable Kingdom." 8vo. with numerous
Illustrations, price 168.
"Contains much useful and interesting information in a handy form."-Nature.

IMPORTANT WORKS ON FOLK-LORE.

PATRANAS; or, Spanish Stories, Legendary and Traditional,

tions by Edward H. Corbould, price 5s.; gilt edges, 5s. 6d.

With Illustra

"Told in a lively and graphic manner."-Times. "These Patrañas contain great beauty as well as much that is new and curious."-Literary Churchman, "Delightfully chivalrous, quaint, and truly Spanish."-Monthly Packet.

By the Same Author,

SAGAS from the FAR EAST; or, Kalmouk and Mongolian Tales. With His

torical Preface and Explanatory Notes. Price 9s.

"The mere lover of good stories and the historical and ethnological inquirer will be equally pleased with the wonderful narratives."-Daily News.

HOUSEHOLD STORIES from the LAND of HOFER; or, Popular Myths of Tirol, including the Rose Garden of King Laryn. With Illustrations by T. Green, price 58.; gilt edges, 5s. 6d.

Just published,

The CHURCHMAN'S ALTAR MANUAL and GUIDE to HOLY COMMUNION; together with the Collects, Epistles, and Gospels, and a Selection of appropriate Hymns. Printed at the University Press, Oxford, with Borders and Rubrics in Red. Prices from 2s. Lists on application. With Eight Photographs, 2s, extra. '. A Confirmation Card is presented with each copy of the book.

Uniform with the above,

The CHURCHMAN'S DAILY REMEMBRANCER.

With Poetical Selections

for all Seasons of the Year; the Calendar and Table of Lessons of the English Church, for the Use of the Clergy and Laity. Prices from 2s. Lists on application. With Twelve Photographs, 2s. extra.

ON the WINGS of a DOVE; or, the Life of a Soul: an Allegory. Illustrated

by Sister E., C.S.J.B., Clewer. Demy 16mo. cloth, price 1s. 6d.

HANDBOOKS FOR EVERY HOUSEHOLD.

AMBULANCE LECTURES; or, What to Do in Cases of Accidents or Sudden Illness. By LIONEL WEATHERLY, M.D., Lecturer to the Ambulance Department, Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England. With numerous Illustrations. Ninth Thousand. Cloth, thoroughly Revised, price 1s.

The ART of WASHING: Clothes, Personal, and House. By Mrs. A. A. Strange

BUTSON, Author of "On the Leads." Cloth, price 1s. 6d.

See GRIFFITH & FARRAN'S CATALOGUE for Books of Instruction and Amusement, Travel and
Adventure, Picture Books and Story Books, of all sizes and all prices, suitable for PRESENTS and PRIZES.
GRIFFITH & FARRAN, WEST CORNER of ST. PAUL'S CHURCHYARD, LONDON.

Printed by E. J. FRANCIS, Athenæum Press, Took's Court, Chancery Lane, E.C.; and Published by
JOHN FRANCIS, at No. 20, Wellington Street, Strand, W.C.-Saturday, April 2, 1881.

NEXT, at Two o'clock.-ADVERTISEMENTS should be at the HENRY GRAY, Antiquarian Bookseller, 25,

GENEALOGY-Pedigrees Traced, Family His- Mrs. MARY BARBER, and executed in the First Style of Chromo

MR. L. HERRMAN'S Fine-Art Gallery, 60, was possible. The book is a proof of the dexterity and taste of the

ROWLANDS' ODONTO is the Purest and most Co

Fragrant Dentifrice ever made. It whitens the
teeth, prevents decay, and gives a pleasing fragrance
to the breath, and the fact of its containing no
aeid or mineral ingredients specially adapts it for
the teeth of children.

All dentists will allow that neither washes nor
pastes can possibly be as efficacious for polishing
the teeth and keeping them sound and white as a
pure and non-gritty tooth powder; such Rowlands'
Odonto has always proved itself to be.