persists in favouring álly." I know nothing by experience of the other side of the Atlantic, but on this side I never in my life but once heard the word ally pronounced álly; indeed, it sounded so strange to me that at first I wondered what the man (who had been a shoemaker) meant. I believe it is a word seldom used at all by the uneducated; but it would be interesting to know whether the accentuation in question is common in any part of England. W. T. LYNN. Blackheath. "HABITS ARE AT FIRST COBWEBS AND AT LAST CABLES."-I am under the impression that there is in one of Whately's works a remark to the above effect. Can you help me to find the exact words; and, if it is not Whately's remark, can you help me to find it in some other author? THOS. RANBONE. copy. It is now about sixteen years since my list appeared, but I have not been successful in adding many titles that had been omitted from it. I have, however, a few notes which I hope you will allow me to give in completion of some of the particulars in J. D.'s articles. Before doing this I would draw attention to a paragraph in the "Notices" which I have since had reason to consider is incorrect : "In the preface to his Bref Grammar for English (1586) William Bullokar promises the world an English dictionary, but it never, I believe, appeared; and the honour of being the author of the first English_dictionary* is, therefore, due to a namesake of his--John Bullokar, who in 1616 published his Expositor of Hard Words, a curious little book which went through several editions." In 1868 Mr. Edward Viles called my attention to the fact that a collection of hard words, by Cowdray, dated 1604, was mentioned in Boswell's THE IRISH REBELLION, 1798: MASSACRE AT Variorum Edition of Shakespeare. The book is SCULLA BOGUE.-Where can I see a list of those not noticed by Watt or by Lowndes, but I subwho escaped from this massacre? The works Isequently found a copy in the Bodleian Library. have hitherto consulted only mention the unfor- The following is the full title :tunate slain. H. B. I am glad to find that this subject has fallen into such able hands as those of J. D., and I hope his enthusiasm will induce others to investigate it. What we chiefly want now is information about the men who compiled the dictionaries. When I drew up my "Chronological Notices of Dictionaries of the English Language," the only list I could find was the valuable one in Worcester's Dictionary, and this was not bibliographical. In fact, bibliographers seem to have considered these books as quite beneath their notice. Happily a large number have been preserved in the British Museum Library, although the first edition of Bailey's Dictionary was not there until I pointed out the deficiency, when Mr. Watts obtained a : "A Table Alphabeticall, conteyning and teaching the true writing, and understanding of hard usuall English wordes, borrowed from the Hebrew, Greeke, Latine or French, &c., with the interpretation thereof by plaine English words, gathered for the benefit and helpe of Ladies, Gentlewomen or any other unskilfull persons. Whereby they may the more easilie and better understand many hard English wordes, which they shall heare or read in Scriptures, Sermons or elsewhere, and also be made able to use the same aptly themselves. At London, Printed by J. R. for Edmond Weaver, 1604." Small 8vo. The epistle dedicatory is signed by "Robert Cawdrey," of Coventry, who was sometime Master of the Grammar School at Okeham in Rutland. The author states that the work "long ago for the most part was gathered by me, but lately augmented by my sonne Thomas, who now is Schoolemaister in London." One little direction respecting the alphabetical order is worth quoting for its simplicity : "If thou be desirous (gentle reader) rightly and readily to understand, and to profit by this table, and such like, then thou must learn the alphabet, to wit, the order of the letters as they stand, perfectly without book, and where every letter standeth as (b) neere the beginning, (n) about the middest and (t) toward the | end." Apparently "Ladies and Gentlewomen were not very familiar with their abc in the seventeenth century. The numbers attached to the following notes are those given in J. D.'s articles : 1. Catholicon.-The mere fact of an old English dictionary being entitled Catholicon Anglicum is no evidence of its being based upon the better alone, intended for the use of Englishmen, and not for That is, of course, a dictionary of English words the purpose of showing the equivalents in a foreign language. stated to be the second volume on the title-page. This is the same date as J. D. gives for his sixth edition. The title-page of my copy is printed in a different type from the book, and is an evident addition; so I should imagine that Mr. Cavell had bought the remainder and tried to get rid of it by substituting new for old title-pages. The original owner of my copy appears to have bought it in 1776. The late Rev. Edward Gillett, of Runham Vicarage, near Norwich, wrote me a very interest "Notices," from which I will quote some remarks respecting Bailey : known Catholicon of Johannes Januensis. In this instance only the name (which was a popular one) was borrowed. As already pointed out (ante, p. 209) there are only two MSS. of the Catholicon Anglicum known to exist. The late Mr. Way mentioned Lord Monson's MS. (dated 1483) in his preface to the Promptorium Parvulorum, and used it largely in the notes. Subsequently Sir Frederick Madden bought an imperfect MS. for the British Museum, which he discovered to be the same book as that entitled Catholicon Angli-ing letter shortly after the appearance of my cum, and supposed to be written about the year 1450. It is slightly different from Lord Monson's MS., so there is every reason to believe that they were both compiled from an earlier MS. When I applied to Lord Monson for the loan of his MS. for the purpose of printing it for the Early English Text Society, he was unable to find it. Subsequently it came to light, and his lordship then most generously placed it in my hands for the purpose of being copied, and subsequently for use during the period of printing. It is being edited by Mr. Herrtage, who has nearly completed his laborious task, and when published I think scholars will recognize in it a worthy companion to Mr. Way's Promptorium. 2. Vulgaria.-I may note here that Mr. Furnivall has printed in the Transactions of the Philological Society (1867, p. 362) Pynson the printer's contracts with Hornian for his Vulgaria and with Palsgrave for his L'Esclaircissement. 3. A Shorte Dictionarie. By J. Withals.-There is an article in Brydges's British Bibliographer (vol. ii. p. 582) on the Little Dictionarie for Children, 1586, an edition not mentioned by me nor by J. D. 5. An Alvearie. By John Baret.-Some particulars of Baret are given in "N. & Q.," 2nd S. iv, 468. 12. A New English Dictionary. By J. K.I have a note of a seventh edition, published at Dublin in 1757, with a slightly different title: A New Classical English Dictionary; or, a Complete Collection. It has Dr. Watts's recommendation and a further letter to the proprietors, in which the doctor says: "I am so far from disapproving that paragraph which you have printed from my little book of Reading and Writing that even since the larger dictionary of Mr. Bailey is published, which may be very entertaining and useful to persons of a polite education, yet for the bulk of mankind this small one of J. K. is much more convenient." The three editions of 1702, 1713, and 1757 are in the Douce Collection at the Bodleian, and all are lettered Kersey." I still think, however, that this is a mere guess. 13. The Universal Etymological English Dictionary, vol. ii. By N. Bailey.-I have a copy of the seventh edition of this book, "London, Printed for William Cavell, Holborn, 1776." It is not "I have a weakness for dictionaries, more especially for N. Bailey's (piλoλoyoç). You will smile when I confess that I have at various times been the possessor of more than twenty copies of his work. I retain only two the other because of former possessors; the rest I have -one because it is the first edition of each volume, and given away......I had a partaker in my pursuit; he collected not only all the Bailey's dictionaries he could get, but all his other works too-principally translations of the classics (I have Bailey's Justice). In one of these first volume, and 3,000 of the second, had been sold. He there was an advertisement that 10,000 copies of the found out that Bailey had been Under Master of Norwich Grammar School. Certainly there are an enormous number of his dictionaries in Norfolk. I found five in this little parish (excluding my own), and everywhere in Norfolk it is as common. We established the fact that many of the so-called editions were only new title-pages, as we found] the same defect in particular letters of certain words." 15. A New General English Dictionary. By T. Dyche and W. Pardon.-As I did not know the date of the first edition when I compiled my "Notices," and as J. D. has not added it, perhaps you will allow me to give a tolerably full list of the editions I have collected at various times :-First ed., 1735; second ed., 1737; fifth ed., 1748; seventh ed., 1752; eighth ed., 1754; ninth ed., 1758; tenth ed., 1759; eleventh ed., 1760; twelfth ed., 1765; thirteenth ed., 1768; fourteenth ed., 1771. I have not got so far as the seventeenth edition, mentioned by J. D. There is a note on Thomas Dyche in "N. & Q.," 3rd S. viii. 9. I will, in conclusion, add some particulars from Mr. Gillett's letter respecting two dictionaries not mentioned by J. D.: 6 Cocker's English Dictionary, 1704, 1715, 1724.: "Cocker was a Norfolk man, vide the word Norfolk in his Dictionary, where he speaks of the people as we,' and other reasons can be given for this statement...... Cocker was a celebrated teacher of writing. It is a penmanship; why, I know not." curious fact that Norfolk has always been celebrated for Pepys employed Cocker and found him a very intelligent man. English Etymology, by the Rev. G. W. Lemon, 1783: "Lemon was Master of Norwich Grammar School and Vicar of Gayton, Norfolk. It is related of him that he pestered every one to become a subscriber to his work (he got 321 in Norfolk alone); among the rest a certain Gosfield was created baronet in 1611, and that fat alderman of Norwich, named Beasley, who refused Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Cleveland and Baron with contumely. Upon this he revenged himself in his Wentworth of Nettlested, was created earl 1625; derivation of obesity: The exclamation of people who see a certain Norwich alderman, "Oh Beasley! oh and that he died without male issue in 1667, beastly!! o-besity!!!" Beasley got an injunction in whereby that earldom was extinguished. How, Chancery to prevent its publication, and the sheet was then, can this be reconciled with the register cancelled; but it is said some few copies got into circu-quoted by MR. BLAYDES? It may be interesting lation with the paragraph. All I can say is I have made diligent inquiry in Norfolk and have not heard of one." HENRY B. WHEATLEY. Daniel Lobo was most probably Daniel Levy, a Portuguese Jew, who may, perhaps, be traced. HYDE CLARKE. THE LORDS WENTWORTH OF NETTLESTED (6th S. iii. 227). The dates transcribed are, I think, obviously incorrect, owing, no doubt, as stated, to the copies having been carelessly taken. The Earl of Cleveland had by his first wife only one son, Thomas, Lord Wentworth, and no male issue by his second wife. Lord Wentworth was in 1643 in command of a company of Dragoons in the west of England. He accompanied Charles to Breda, and in 1656 was colonel of the King's Guards (Charles II., as stated on the coffin-plate), and came to England with his regiment in 1662. He died Feb. 28, 166[4]5. There was no other Thomas Wentworth in 1643 who could have been a Privy Councillor, and, with the exception of the date, all other particulars entirely fit the case of Lord Wentworth. Nor is the date, March, 1664, in the first transcript, correct. A letter exists of Lord Wentworth's written to the Secretary of State in June, 1664. On Feb. 22, 166[4]5, he was present at the meeting of the Privy Council which made war on the Dutch, and died six days later. The commission of the officer who succeeded to his company on his death is dated March 16, 1665, and the amalgamation of his regiment with Col. Russell's, which took effect immediately after his death, was ordered on March 16, 1664/5. Therefore I think it clear that the dates given are incorrect. HENRY F. PONSONBY. From a biographical peerage, published upwards of seventy years ago, I gather the following: Sir Thos. Wentworth of Nettlested was summoned to Parliament in 1529; that his son Thomas, second lord, died in 1591, leaving Henry (third peer), whose son Thomas (fourth peer) was in 1626 created Earl of Cleveland, and at his death, in 1667, his barony descended, first, to his grand-daughter, Philadelphia Wentworth, at whose death (1686) to her aunt Lady Anne, wife of Lord Lovelace. In A Chronicle of the Kings of England, from the Time of the Romans' Government unto the Death of King James, &c., published 1674, is a catalogue of the earls, baronets, &c., of England, in which I find Sir John Wentworth of to note that from the proceedings of the Parliament of Scotland, 1639-50, found in Calendars of the Ancient Charters, &c., in the Tower of London should fourth remove themselves and depart out (1772), pp. 424-6, among others named who of the kingdom," I find Lord Wentworth and the Earl of Cleveland. When was Mrs. Palmer, the favourite of Charles II., created Duchess of Cleveland? ALFRED CHAS. JONAS. Swansea. [Cr. Duchess 1670.] A HELL FIRE CLUB: THE PHœnix Club, at OXFORD (6th S. iii. 127, 210).—With reference to the Phoenix Club at Brazenose, a former secretary of the club told me that their books went back to the first half of the last century. He seemed to be aware of no records positively connecting it with the Hell Fire Club; but it was the common tradition of the college and club twenty years ago that it had arisen out of the ashes of that society. The tradition then prevailing was that it was the custom of the Hell Fire Club to leave the vice-chair unoccupied; this was supposed to be tenanted by the devil, in whose honour the first toast of the meeting was drunk. It was reported that on one occasion, as they were toasting his satanic majesty, one of the members fell dead in his place, and a servant of the college, passing by the window of the room, which was at the corner towards the Bodleian Library, saw the man in question apparently getting out of the window, although it was barred and grated. It was found that at the same instant he died; and it was related that none of the members of the club died a natural death. In my Brazenose days, some twenty-three years ago, it was still the custom to leave the vice-chair unoccupied at the wine parties of the club, but no toasts were given. The members of the club wore blue coats with velvet collars and white waistcoats with club buttons, and those who were invited to "wine" with them dined previously in the college hall, in evening dress with white ties. The club possessed a handsome dessert service; and the meeting was simply a well appointed and agreeable wine party after the college dinner. Some have sur It would seem probable that the Hell Fire Club, in London, in 1711, either suggested this college club or was suggested by it. mised that it was a Jacobite club originally, and as Brazenose was much connected with Lancashire and Cheshire there is, perhaps, the more reason for the suggestion. The college certainly seems to have been in a flourishing condition throughout the last century, and likely to have contained young country gentlemen from that part of England. But, of course, the University of Oxford was supposed altogether to sympathize with Jacobitism. The Phoenix possessed a silver punch bowl; but I do not know whether its "hall mark" will support the supposition that the king's health" over the water" may have been drunk with glasses held over it. C. J. STONE. 1, Hare Court, Temple. A PHILIPPINE (6th S. iii. 68).—I can well remember, in the days of my youth, some fifty or more years ago, the clever device by which the girls and frisky matrons of that period exacted from their acquaintances and admirers of the other sex a present under the name of a "philippine "; for it is needless to say that the fairer portion of humanity, always wide awake to their own interests, were not easily caught napping, and were in almost all cases the first to pronounce the conventional formula; to say nothing of the gallantry of the youths of that day, which prompted them to afford their lady friends the satisfaction of believing themselves to be the first in the field. col. 3), and is thus explained in the Supplement, p. 262, col. 2 :- "Quand, en Allemagne, on mange des amandes en société, et qu'une personne en trouve une à graine double, elle en garde une et donne l'autre à une perSonne de la société, de sexe différent; et, à la première rencontre de ces deux personnes, celle qui dit la première: bonjour, Philippchen (Vielliebchen), à l'autre, gagne un cadeau, à la discrétion du perdant. "Une graine double s'appelle un Vielliebchen. Philippchen est devenu par altération et assimilation Philippine en français, et Vielliebchen signifie chose trèsWILLIAM PLATT. chère." 115, Piccadilly. I had supposed that every English-speaking and educated person was aware of the two customs. First, that the party first greeting the other next morning could lay claim to a present from that other. The second, that each while eating his or her Philippine half-nut was to wish a wish, the belief being that such wish would come to pass. BR. NICHOLSON. The piece of folk-lore recorded by your correspondent is found also in North Yorkshire, though there the wish is supposed to be gained if the finder of a double kernel in a nut, or the person to whom he gives it, simply eats the kernel. The same idea prevails with regard to double cherries, or any double fruit. What is the origin of Philippine"? The word is not given in either Halliwell's or Wright's Dictionary. The custom was certainly a novelty in English" society, and I always understood that it had been introduced from some part of the continent, most probably from Germany. I have heard of it in France, but it did not seem to be indigenous. There appears, however, to be something analogous to it in English folk-lore. If two persons of opposite sexes divide a double nut or a double fruit between them, and at the time of eating it form a wish, that wish is sure to be accomplished. Whether this belief extends throughout the country I have no means of ascertaining. Query, Why should Philip be employed in preference to any other name? Guernsey. PHILIPPUS. Cardiff. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. The word is said to be a corruption of Vielliebchen, and the custom to be of northern origin, and connected with some old myth or superstition. I have lost and won philippines among German, Swedish, Norwegian, and French friends, but it If there is any hurry about it, it is played by each was always a double nut and a wager, not a wish. of "Thank you" on taking anything from the person being bound to say "J'y pense " instead hand of the opponent, whoever forgets first being the loser. NELLIE MACLAGAN. This custom has existed among the members of my family for upwards of thirty years, but has always been called a bon jour. The present is to be given to the first of the two persons who on the following morning utters the words "Bon jour, mon ami." EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. 71, Brecknock Road. ROBERT TYLER, ATTORNEY-AT-LAW (6th S. iii. 248).-On a white marble tablet, on the north wall of the chancel of the church of Warlingham, Surrey, is an inscription to the memory of several members of the Tyler family, the latter portion of which is as follows: "Robert Tyler, Esq,, of St. John's, Southwark, and Stockwell in Surrey, who died the 12th of September, 1810, aged 69; and Elizabeth, his first wife, the daughter of Henry Fossett, of St. John's aforesaid, who died the 7th of June, 1791, aged 45, and was buried at Bristol: Martha Tyler, widow, born the 19th day of February, 1757, and died the 13th day of July, 1833." mamma is doubtless pedantic and due to the Lat. mamma; it should rather be mama, as it is merely a repetition of ma, an infantine syllable." Of "papa" Prof. Skeat writes (Etym. Dict.):— "The earliest quotation for it seems to be one from Swift... Directions for Servants, 1745, p. 13: 'Where there are little masters and misses in a house to bribe them that they may not tell tales to papa and mamma.' I troubled "N. & Q." about " papa" and "mamma," 3rd S. i. 505, but my query, so far as I can find, only brought forth one reply, which was given on p. 59 of the succeeding volume, where W. C. remarks that he does "not know of an earlier instance of the use of those infantile words than the one... in Lilly's Euphues." I did not pursue the quest at the time, and had quite forgotten W. C.'s mention of Euphues when I was enjoying converse with him yesterday. Even now Although not so stated, it may be presumed that the latter was his second wife. It is probable also that he was one of the sons of John Tyler, of Castle Street, Southwark, Gent., who died May 17, 1769, aged sixty-eight, by Elizabeth his wife, who died May 16, 1751, aged fifty-two, who, as stated in the beginning of the inscription, with others of the family, were buried under a high brick tomb in Warlingham churchyard. As Robert and his wives are not mentioned in the inscription on this tomb, it is possible that they were buried elsewhere. The arms on the bookplate should be, On a fess between two lions pas-I have only come on one of the words instead of sant guardant three crescents. J. L. Č. THE TERMS "PAPA" AND "MAMMA" (6th S. iii. 107).-T. W. asks whether these terms | were in use "at the Jacobite period." As this extended from the expulsion of James II. to the death of Cardinal York, in 1807, most certainly the words were in use during the greater part of the time. An early instance which just now occurs to me is in the Beggars' Opera (1727), where Polly Peachum, I think it is, speaks of her The modern change from " " and papa. papa mamma" to father and mother among the upper classes, which began about thirty years ago, seems to have been a reaction against a custom which had gradually crept in among persons of a lower grade. As soon as common people's children began to say "papa" and "mamma," those of a higher class were taught to say "father" and "mother." It was among my High Church friends that I first noticed this adoption of "father" and "mother." One does not see the connexion, but such is the fact. When I was young, "papa" and "mamma" were universal among what may be called the middle and upper ranks of society; and to this day "ladies of a certain age still use the words. JAYDEE. both. What a pity it is that your correspondent King George III., about the year 1762, addressed "mamma are words of extremest tenderness to those of my generation, seem now to have sunk into contempt as a "note" of social inferiority. A. J. M. I send you an extract from one of Peden's tion in England, which will show T. W. that sermons, quoted in Buckle's History of Civilizathese words were in use before the Jacobite period. I have not access to the original work quoted from, and so cannot give the date of the sermon, but I presume it was some time in the latter part of the seventeenth century. As it is not likely that the words were first used in Scotland, they were probably in common use in England about the middle of that century, as it would then take some time for them to reach Galloway from the South : |