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information 1st S. v. 537; vi. 542; 2nd S. xi. of the classics, both Greek and Latin; but as I 466, 519; xii. 72; 4th S. vi. 154.

GEORGE POTTER.

Grove Road, Holloway, N. NORRISON CAVENDISH SCATCHERD, F.S.A. (6th S. ii. 514), author of the History of Morley and its Surrounding Villages, 8vo., 1830. He died Feb. 16, 1853. Gent. Mag. (1853), vol. xl. p. 205; History and Antiquities of Morley, in West Riding, County of York, by William Smith (8vo., 1876), pp. 107-12.

L. L. H. TENNYSON'S "BALLADS AND OTHER POEMS" (6th S. iii. 85).-Surely those characteristics of the Laureate's verse which ST. SWITHIN describes as "phonic difficulties" were not "compounded" by the poet 66 unawares." I have always regarded them rather as striking proofs of his elaborate care and finish, and as belonging to the class of onomatopoeic phrases, where the words express by their sound the thing represented. Thus, in the example given by Sr. SwWITHIN,

"Now follows Edith echoing Evelyn," the alliteration is clearly intentional, and expresses phonetically the sense of the line.

So in

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am merely arguing that Tennyson seldom or never "compounds unawares," I will not occupy space by further quotation.

H. P.

MUMMY WHEAT (6th S. ii. 306, 415, 452; iii. 135). I perfectly remember the Egyptian wheat best of my recollection, in an earthenware vessel mentioned by MR. WALLIS. It was found, to the within the case containing the mummy shown by Mr. Joseph Strutt. A small packet of the grains was given to each of the East India directors, and my father, being one of them, received his portion, and took it with him to his place in Scotland, and had the treasure planted in a corner of the park, where we thought that only the gardener's eyes would watch its progress. I well remember how delighted we were to see it grow taller and taller, until at last I could measure its height by my own-five feet six-and I also distinctly recollect that two or three fine bearded ears grew on each stalk. I think our share of the grains of wheat produced about six or seven stalks, were in their pride, that proves there were but a not more; for a misfortune happened just as they handful of them. A friend was staying with us who, on an evil day, was taking her walks abroad, and suddenly discovered our treasure. She seized the "bearded grain," tore the whole patch up by the roots, and to this day I recollect the bitterly mortified feelings of my father and myself when we saw, destroyed in one moment, and held up in triumph before our eyes as "most extraordinary wheat," the priceless cluster of corn which we had so carefully tended for months and months.

H. A. S.

All

ORMOND STREET CHAPEL (6th S. ii. 346, 392, 456).-The burial-ground of St. George's ChapelSt. George the Martyr-was, and is, behind the Foundling Hospital. It was never desecrated, so far as I am aware, but is, of course, disused. this part was formerly called Lamb's Conduit Fields. "Here lies Nancy Dawson" is the inscription on the tombstone of the famous hornpipe dancer, who was buried there in 1767 (vide J. T. Smith's Book for a Rainy Day). G. F. B.

The "Burying-Place in the Fields by Lamb's Conduit," appropriated to this chapel (now the Bloomsbury) still exists, though it has been dischurch of St. George the Martyr, Queen Square, used for many years. It is overgrown with long of the gravestones are in a dilapidated condition. grass, wild flowers, and shrubs, and the majority It is situated on the north of the grounds of the Foundling Hospital, the "large Brick-Wallbeing the boundary of the two enclosures. Adjoining and running parallel to it, and separated merely by a brick wall, is the old burial-ground of St. George's, Bloomsbury, which presents an equally

deserted and melancholy appearance. It has been proposed to convert these two disused burialplaces into public recreation grounds for the use of the neighbourhood, but it has not hitherto been found practicable to raise the necessary funds. H. W. S.

AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (6th S. iii. 109, 138)."He made the desert smile."

The line is from Pope's Abelard to Eloisa, line 133:"You raised these hallowed walls; the desert smiled, And Paradise was opened in the Wild."

As reference is made to Alton Towers, it may not be unworthy of "N. & Q." to record a witticism that is generally attributed to an eminent statesman. The model buildings and general laying out of the gardens are somewhat incongruous, and the wit has credit for reading the above inscription and remarking, "And a very polite desert, too, not to laugh outright."

Miscellaneous:

W. M. P.

his opinions as to this point. In noticing the close of St. Mark's Gospel, Dr. Charteris does justice to Dean when he pronounces that the question has now been Burgon's careful treatise. But he takes a further step placed beyond the region of dispute. Dean Burgon has certainly established a claim for the reconsideration of opinion upon this passage; but it is something more to intimate that the controversy is virtually closed. There is a vindication of the position and character of the Gospel of St. John which will prove useful, in the light of modern controversy; but the separate note on the claims of the Apocalypse is too brief. We earnestly recommend this work to any student who desires to become acquainted with the testimonies for the canonicity of the New Testament in their actual form. The table at the beginning and the indexes are so complete as to make the contents available with the greatest facility.

Genoa: how the Republic Rose and Fell. By J. Theodore Bent. (C. Kegan Paul & Co.)

THE view which Genoa, clustering along the lower slopes of the Ligurian Alps, presents from the sea justifies the title of "the Superb," which she conferred on herself. Her eighty churches, which illustrate every combination of style, her labyrinths of steep and narrow streets, NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. offering endless temptations to artists, and the sumptuous Canonicity: a Collection of Early Testimonies to the magnificence of her palaces, which recall the days of her Canonical Books of the New Testament, based on departed glory, afford a picturesque confusion of archiKirchhoffer's Quellensammlung." By A. H. Char- tectural, artistic, and antiquarian interest. Not less teris, D.D., Professor of Biblical Criticism and Biblical varied or striking are the historical associations which Antiquities in the University of Edinburgh. (Black-crowd up at the name of Genoa. Like other Italian wood & Sons.)

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THE question which suggests itself first is the relation which this volume, prepared with so much thought and care, bears to a kindred work by Prof. Westcott, the General Survey of the History of the Canon of the New Testament. The writers of both are engaged on the same materials, with the same purpose; but Dr. Charteris, whose volume is the larger one, appears to have this advantage in the form of his work, he has been able to place the collateral information required for explanation in separate chapters at the beginning, which are followed by the testimonies themselves, arranged in order under the several books of the New Testament, in full type as the text, and not in the smaller type of the notes. By this method the autho rities attain their due prominence, and their evidence is easily ascertained. There are, further, some interesting collections of the testimonies of the heathen, of heretics, and of the uncanonical Gospels, which render these divisions accessible at a glance. In noticing the oldest testimonies to collections of the sacred books, Dr. Charteris assigns to the famous canon of Muratori a less important place than it has with some writers. He pronounces it, on the whole, an unsatisfactory document. It is certainly confirmatory, rather than a source of independent information; but it has its value. We miss under this head the list of St. Gregory of Nazianzus; his name is cited at the second Epistle of St. Peter, but the catalogue which belongs to Amphilochius is assigned to him, with a false reference, while his own is omitted. There is a difference between the two lists as to the omission or the insertion of the Apocalypse, and both of them should be inserted at length. Again, there is a variance with high authorities as to the claim to be accounted the genuine epistles of St. Ignatius which attaches to the Syriac translation, the shortest of the three versions, which, together with the others, is abjudicated by Dr. Charteris; and a similar remark applies to his observations upon the Epistle of St. Polycarp. Despite his own protest, his judgment may, unconsciously to himself, have been influenced by

cities, she extorted her charters of freedom from the wants of princes or of barons, and in the Saracenic wars laid the foundation of her powerful navy. A bank before she was a city, the Bank of St. George was the source of all her strength in the days when financial science was as yet unborn. She destroyed the power of Pisa, secured a share of the carrying trade of the Crusades, pushed her trade in every quarter of the known world, and lined the shores of the Black Sea and the banks of the Euphrates with cities whose fortified strength excited the admiration of Moltke half a century ago. She intimidated the feeble emperors of Byzantium, and disputed with Venice the markets of Constantinople. The whole weight of the Roman Empire in the East was scarce felt, as Gibbon says, in the balance of these two great and powerful republics. Intestine dissensions and external wars destroyed her independence, and she fell under the influence of France and the Visconti of Milan. D'Oria restored the old form of government, and from the middle of the sixteenth century down to the French Revolution the history of the republic was uneventful, save for the dramatic episode of the Fieschi conspiracy. Mr. Bent's tale is full of attraction in itself, and he writes in a fresh and pleasant style. The book is full of information, yet never dull, and the history of the rise and fall of the republic preserves its interest to the end.

Faust: a Tragedy by Goethe. Translated chiefly in Blank Verse, with Introduction and Notes, by James Adey Birds, B.A., F.G.S. (Longmans & Co.) WITHIN the memory of the "oldest inhabitant" German literature was represented to the English mind by the Faust of Goethe, the Robbers of Schiller, and those Ballads of Bürger which had become known through the spirited translations of Walter Scott. Since that period Biblical commentators, as profound as they are heterodox, and novelists whose heaviness is but slightly relieved by their indelicacy, have almost driven the great German poets from the field, and it is, therefore, with pleasure that we hail the reappearance of the

"greatest of the Teutons" under Mr. Birds' auspices. In his prefatory notes we follow the great poem from its first crude and grotesque form of legend and "puppenspiel" to its full development into the Faust of 1808-that Faust which at once perplexes the human intellect with the wildest and profoundest inquiries, and touches the human heart to the quick with its tale of error and of suffering. Through Mr. Birds' admirable notes we know not only the progress of Goethe's great work, but also the real life of the poet, the names of the friends of youth, so touchingly alluded to in the dedication, his wonderful childhood delighting in the "puppenspiel" at Frankfurt, his eccentric youth dabbling in alchemy beneath the smiles of Fräulein von Klettenburg, and his short-lived passion for Lili Schonemann, immortalized in some of the most touching scenes between Faust and Gretchen. Mr. Birds' translation is generally excellent, and the prison scene is magnificently rendered. His Easter chorus gives that same impression of a weird and distant song which constitutes the peculiar charm of the original, and his interpretation of Faust's speculative speeches clothes with new form and life a part of the play which to the unlearned reader seems misty and heavy. He is less happy in some of Gretchen's exquisite solos, such as the Spinning-wheel Song, and the Address to the Virgin. These appear somewhat harsh and unmelodious, but the want of two German compound adjectives presents an almost insurmountable obstacle to a faithful translation in rhyme. On the whole, the severest judge of Mr. Birds' work will be constrained to admit that its faults are more than counterbalanced by its many merits, and will say of him, as of Gretchen, that, if "gerichtet," he is also "gerettet."

Gainsborough and Constable. By G. M. Brock-Arnold. (Sampson Low & Co.)

Fra Angelico. By Catherine Mary Phillimore. (Same publishers.)

Fra Bartolommeo. By Leader Scott. (Same publishers.) MR. BROCK-ARNOLD has evidently a genuine admiration for Gainsborough and Constable; he can write brightly and vividly on occasion, and his sketches are cursive and clever. We are bound, however, to add that he does not impress us as a very trustworthy guide where authorities are in question. From minor indications it is clear that his reference at p. 7 to Foote's Taste, 1752, is made at second hand. A few lines further he introduces a quotation by saying that it relates to a subsequent period, whereupon he cites (and cites incorrectly) a passage from Mr. Sala concerning 1727. Blemishes of this kind are the more regrettable because the writer has evidently gone over a good deal of ground for his work. Rouquet's L'Etat des Arts en Angleterre, for example, is not a book that lies in every one's path; but even the pertinent words from this source at p. 16 are not given with scrupulous accuracy. Of the two remaining volumes our space will not permit us to say much. Miss Phillimore's Italian studies in Macmillan and elsewhere are

an earnest of the value of her account of Fra Angelico, Masaccio, and the other painters included in her volume; while Mr. Leader Scott's opportunities and careful method specially fit him for dealing with Fra Bartolommeo and Andrea del Sarto.

Pencil and Palette. By Robert Kempt. (Chatto & Windus.)

Or this little volume of the "Mayfair Library" it is only needful to say that it contains much interesting and amusing anecdote about pictures and painters, lightly and pleasantly recorded. We have not been able to test its special pretensions to accuracy; but being of Sainte-Beuve's opinion with respect to ana, we have

The

found it perfectly readable, and have little doubt that it will thoroughly fulfil its modest mission. That it has an excellent index is an additional point in its favour. WE have received copies of the first two numbers of the Critic, a new American literary paper, which starts with a brilliant list of contributors. No. 1 contains an outspoken protest against the " pour parvenir" morality of Endymion, and No. 2 some highly interesting prose jottings from the note-book of Walt Whitman. literary gossip, in particular, seems remarkably good. From it we learn that Helena de Kay's excellent version of Sensier's life of Millet, recently published in Scribner's Magazine, is to be republished here by Messrs. Macmillan; that Mr. Anthony Trollope (whom his admirers do not know sufficiently as a critic of verse) has written an article on Longfellow for the North American Review ; and from another paragraph on Mr. W. M. Rossetti's account, in the February Atlantic, of Molière's domestic affairs, we infer that the Wives of the Poets will find close critics in New York. The outlook of this new paper is undoubtedly hopeful. It is young at present, but it is remarkably healthy and vigorous.

WE have received Vol. XVI. of St. Bartholomew's Hos-

pital Reports (Smith, Elder & Co.).

THE Sacristy is about to be revived, under the editorship of Mr. E. Walford, M.A., assisted by Mr. George Gilbert Scott, M.A., F.S.A. Part 10 will be issued in April, and Mr. Hodges will be the publisher.

MR. GEORGE GILBERT SCOTT, M.A., F.S.A., will shortly publish An Essay on the History of English Church Architecture prior to the Separation of England from the Roman Obedience (Hodges).

Notices to Correspondents.

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address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

W. M. M.-The arms of the deanery of Canterbury are blazoned by Mr. Boutell (Heraldry, 1864. p. 360), "Az., on a cross arg. the letter X sa., surmounted by the letter I of the last." The arms of the city, op. cit., p. 366, are, "Arg., on a chevron gu., between three Cornish choughs ppr., a lion of England." The seals of arms, old" and " new," in Lewis's Topog. Dict., 1848, do not quite agree with this, having the lion of England on a chief gu., and the three Cornish choughs in base, which last are the arms attributed to St. Thomas of Canterbury (Hasted's Kent, 1799, iv. 701).

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C.-See "N. & Q.," 2nd S. viii. 248; ix. 67, 188, 295. Mr. Boutell says that the mitres of archbishops, "though now generally represented rising from ducal coronets,' as in his illustration, No. 307, p. 119 (Heraldry, Historical all rise alike from plain golden circlets," as in his No. and Popular, 1864), "also," with "those of the bishops, 306, loc. cit. He mentions the bearing of the coronet by the Bishops of Durham (No. 308) as "nominally Counts Palatine of the county of Durham," but without dates. DUBLIN.-We believe that such is the case.

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