LONDON, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1881.

CONTENTS.-N° 58.

in England, 105-The Lincolnshire Wolds-"The Insatiate

specification of the clerk of the works for the Chapel, with sundry other contracts. There is a still more striking record of the critical period through which the College passed under Edward IV., when it was on the verge of being abolished and having its revenues transferred to the Dean and Chapter of St. George's, Windsor. Its preservation was due to Provost Westbury, whose appeal to

NOTES:-Eton College Library, 101-Lincolnshire Field Names, 104-Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton-Wolves Countess": "The White Devil Curious Epitaph Copious Sonneteers, 106. QUERIES:-Mysterious Disappearance of a Public Statue from Dublin-Some Poetical Pamphlets-Campbell's "Lives of the Chancellors"-The Lord Advocate for Scotland-Pope Paul II. was successful. The latter remitted "Chiefty"-A Wiltshire Poll Book-"Panmure "-"Papa": the case to Cardinal Bourchier, the Archbishop of "Mamma"-" Sprayed "-The Last Man's Club, 107-A Canterbury, whose final decision, Aug. 30, 1476, in Square Head-Hussars First Raised in England-Cicero on the Greeks-A Shene Bible in Paris-Sir Martin Frobisher- favour of Eton, adorned with an illumination of Collett Family-Hartley: Montague: Copley, 108-"The the assumption of the Virgin, is one of the most ass laden with books"-Conway Barony-"The Vision of beautiful Mirza"-Authors Wanted, 109. among these interesting deeds. SpeciREPLIES:-Swift's Verses on his own Death, 109-Flamingo mens of general pardons, obtained for the College -Camoens-Early Roman Catholic Magazines, 110-The on the accession of a new sovereign, may here, too, be seen, and one other similar curiosity may be noticed-a transfer of land near St. James's Palace, formerly the property of the College, to the Crown, with a fac-simile of the signature of Henry VIII. used when, like George IV., during the latter part of his reign, he was no longer able to write.

Mystery of Berkeley Square-Mr. Upcott, 111-"Sic transit gloria mundi"-Milton's "Animadversions," &c. The Premier Baron of England, 112-The "British Amazon "The Endurance of Cromwell in the Popular Memory, 113Pigott of Brockley-Margaret Russell Hare-brained," &c. "Conundrum "-"Exta," 114—S.P.Q.R.-Lucy (?) Wentworth-William Cruden-A Hymn by Charles Wesley, 115 -"Punch," the Drink - The Physical Club- Alleged American Counterfeit Coins-"The Worthy Sayings of Old Mr. Dod," 116-Burial on Sunday in Scotland-Lincolnshire Provincialisms-"The Fortunate Blue-coat Boy"-Mrs. Newby's Novels-"Pricked" Music-" Bedford"-Hessian Boots-Tom Brown, 117—“ Pudding and Tame "-Authors NOTES ON BOOKS:-Swainson's "History and Constitution of a Cathedral of the Old Foundation"-Phear's "Aryan Village in India and Ceylon"-Fenton's "Early Hebrew Life"-"The Bibliography of Thackeray "-"Lancashire and Cheshire Genealogical Notes," &c. Notices to Correspondents, &c.

Wanted, 118.

Notes.

ETON COLLEGE LIBRARY.

A place devoted to learning, and where reverence for the past is enshrined, ought, as far as possible, to contain some reminiscences of its origin and later history, at once to arrest the eye and appeal to the imagination. Nor are these wanting in the library of Eton College. Through the care of the present Provost may be here seen arranged in glass cases a collection of curious relics, which carry us back some centuries even before the foundation of the College, and yet are closely connected with its fortunes. In addition to the charter of Henry VI. and his confirmation of all gifts and charters, there are here set out, together with several Papal bulls, the original title-deeds of the estates which, by the suppression of the alien priories under Henry V., had passed into the hands of the Founder, and by him were granted to the College. The largest of these was from the great Benedictine house at Bec. The fine seals attached to them, though reaching back to the eleventh and twelfth centuries, are in good preservation, comprising an almost complete set from the time of William Rufus, with his mark for a signature, down to the time of the Tudors. More than one stage in the history of the College may thus be traced. There is the wages book, or

But to come to the proper subject of this paper. It must be premised that the college library and the school library are entirely distinct, the latter being modern in its origin and dating only from the time of Dr. Keate. It was established, mainly through the exertions of Winthrop Mackworth Praed, in 1821, and at first was over Mr. Williams the bookseller's shop. The present spacious room was devoted to its use on the completion of the new buildings in 1846, under the head mastership of Dr. Hawtrey, who, with his well-known liberality, contributed to it largely from his own books. The College library, which now occupies the south side of the cloisters, was formerly situated at the northeast end of the great quadrangle, in a line with the room which old King's scholars will remember as Lower Chamber. That this was its positionoccupying what was afterwards known as the Lower Master's Chambers-at the time of Sir Henry Savile, is proved by two incidental notices in the audit book for the years 1611-12. This, however, was not the site intended for it in the first instance, since it is probable that the large room now known as Election Hall was originally built to serve as the library. Savile appears to have been the first during the 150 years since the library had been founded to turn his attention seriously to its improvement. We learn from Mr. Maxwell Lyte (History of Eton College, p. 190) that it had of late years been sadly neglected. The building was in a ruinous condition, and the shelves had received few additions since the reign of Edward VI. A carpenter was therefore despatched to Oxford "to view the Liberary" lately founded by Sir Thomas Bodley, and new presses were ordered. It was not till the first part of the last century, during the provostship of Henry Godolphin, that its situation was

102

altered, and the present building was erected in 1728, at the cost of about 4,000l.

So much for the site. We may next recall the principal epochs in its history, two of which coincide with the changes just described.

were by a recent Act of Parliament then liable, may, perhaps, have been dreaded, and some volumes appear by the audit-book (1550-1) to have been sold to a Cambridge dealer; and there is in the Cottonian Library of the British Museum a MS. Vulgate, which had been presented by Provost Lupton to the college library.

The next epoch of importance is that of the
We have
provostship of Savile, 1596-1622.
already seen him profiting by the newly founded
Bodleian to introduce improvements into the
Eton Library. Other points of interest suggest
themselves in connexion with this period. Savile
had been employed as one of the forty-seven
selected for the revision of the English Bible (1604

procured about this time may have had reference
to the work of translation. In the next place his
magnificent edition of Chrysostom, in eight folio
volumes, the labour of three years-the first work
of learning on a great scale published in England
issued from the Eton press established by Sir
Henry in the house at present occupied by the
Head Master. The particulars have often been
told: how he spared no expense (the whole cost
amounting to 8,000l.); how he procured from
Holland his fount of type called the "silver
letter "; how he was helped by English ambas-
sadors abroad and by learned men like Casaubon,
apart from his own purchase of MSS. in the course
of his travels. The few other works subsequently
produced by the Eton press, the Periegesis of
Dionysius (of which the library contains a MS.
with Eustathius's commentary); the Cyropædia of
Xenophon, and a Christmas Oration of Gregory
Nazianzen, were probably intended for use in the
school. We may picture to ourselves Casaubon,
who speaks of the Chrysostom as edited "privatâ
impensâ animo regio," and Savile meeting, if not
actually in the present library, yet still with some
portion of the same environment as it now pos-
On three occasions Casaubon, who had
sesses.
a son on the foundation, was the guest of the
Provost, in 1611 and in 1613, both before and
after their joint visit to Oxford.

Six years after the foundation of the College, William of Waynflete, then Provost, together with the Fellows of Eton, combined with the Provost and Fellows of King's College, Cambridge, in a petition to the King, begging that he would commission his chaplain, Richard Chester, in common with the King's Stationer, "to inquere and diligently inserche and gete knowledge where bokes onourments and other necessaries for the said colleges may be founden to selle." They were anxious that he should "have ferste choise-1611), and many of the theological books of alle suche goodes afore eny other man," with special mention of Humphrey," the good Duke" of Gloucester. That encourager of learning and collector of ecclesiastical treasures had some years previously bequeathed to the University of Oxford a part, if not the whole, of his library, what he presented varying, according to different accounts, from 600 to 129 volumes. Their intrinsic value, considering the backward state of literature at that time, may have been slight. Poggio, writing from England about thirty years before, says that he could find no good books there; that there were few works of the ancients there; and that those in Italy were much better. But no doubt they were highly treasured by men like Waynflete, who for a genuine love of learning would not yield to any of our own age, with its plethora of literature past and present. Of the earliest Fellows of the College during the reign of the Founder, one deserves to be mentioned in connexion with the library,-William Weye, who died a monk in 1476, having resigned his Fellowship. He is said to have given some MSS., but all of them, with a His curious single exception, have disappeared. Itineraries, published by the Roxburghe Club, describe his successive pilgrimages to Compostella (1456), to Rome and Venice, and thence to the Holy Land (1458), and another journey to Venice, undertaken at the age of seventy, in 1462. At the close of the fifteenth century Horman, who was Head Master, and afterwards Vice-Provost, contributed to the library some illuminated In the middle of MSS., a few of which remain. the next century another benefactor may be mentioned, the Provost, Dr. Bill, who bequeathed to the College a quarter of his theological library. Some of the books were probably lost about this time, when the Reformers set five men to work for "Whether six days at "purifying" the shelves. it was a moral or a material one," Mr. Lyte remarks, "is not clear,-whether it was intended to get rid of superstitious books or merely of the spiders." The penalties of fine and imprisonment to which the collectors of old missals and breviaries

Some further insight is afforded into the arrangements and growth of the library at this time by the entries in the Audit Books, which are tolerably numerous under the head of "Librarie," In 1603 there is an In 1609 the for the years 1603-22. entry for "bynding Bonaventura." sums spent amount to 10l. 3s. 114d., including payments to Joyce the waterman, and sums for wharfage and custom, the books being conveyed from London by river. Among them were Cyril on the Minor Prophets, Catena in Psalmos, Concordant. Vet. Test. Hebr. Gr. Lat. A few classical books-Catullus, Tibullus, Propertius, a Polybius, folio, a Julius Pollux, and a Greek exposition of Aristotle, in thirteen volumes--figure in the

next year; with Isidore, a monk of Pelusium, an
exegetical writer of the fifth century, whose
favourite author was Chrysostom. There is fre-
quent record of payments "for ryvitinge of chaines,"
and one for "bynding a Chrysostom given by Mr ye
Provost." But the largest and most interesting
entry, as illustrating the theological character of
the works purchased at this period and the dif-
ferent nationality of their authors, is that for the
year 1615. We may mention, from a list of above
twenty, Platina, the academician, one of the
Italian scholars who incurred the persecution of
Paul II. in 1468; Sigonius, or Sigone, of Modena
(1550), the author of a De Consolatione which
long passed for a work of Cicero; Molina, the
Spanish Jesuit (ob. 1600); Soto, the Spanish
Dominican, whose De Justitia et Jure was pub-
lished at Antwerp, 1568, and another less-known
Spaniard, the Franciscan, Juan de Pineda, whose
Commentary on Job (2 vols. fol., Madrid, 1597)
is highly esteemed by Schultens. Works of
Thuanus (de Thou), the friend of Casaubon,
Baronius, Bellarmin, Budæus, are also mentioned
as purchased during this year, after which no
entry occurs till 1620. The sum total spent in
1615 was 231. Os. 34d., equivalent to 761. 13s. 4d.
of money at the present value. Of these authors
some may be little read now, but if any would on
that account underrate them, let them ask how
much of the literature of our own day is likely to
survive and hold an equally honoured place in the
pages of its future historian 300 years hence with
that assigned by Hallam to almost every one of
the writers in the above group.

For the century after the time of Savile, whose
portrait used to hang in the library, there is
not much to detain us. We may, however,
feel tolerably sure that some of the Italian MSS.
of which there is no account and several
rare Italian books were contributed by Sir
Henry Wotton, the next provost but one. For
the curious in heraldry there is a MS. entitled
"Venetorum nobilium insignia," with numerous
coloured coats of arms, probably brought by him.
The original copies of his letters written from
Venice during his embassy are here preserved.
They extend from 1617 to 1620, many of them
addressed to James I., whose favour he first won
by apprising him of the plot against his life.
Bound up with them are some letters of Gregorio
di Monte, 1619-20. It is to be regretted that
of the many distinguished alumni of Eton during
the latter part of the seventeenth century and
throughout the eighteenth, there are fewer charac-
teristic relics than one could wish to see. Neither
the ever memorable" John Hales, called by
Wotton "
our bibliotheca ambulans," nor Henry
More, nor Robert Boyle, nor Pearson, nor Hammond
were specially associated with the library. There are
copies of their chief works, but no other keunλia.

The now obsolete disquisitions of Jacob Bryant slumber on the shelves; but though he ended his days at Cippenham, near Eton, his own books went to King's College, Cambridge, of which he was a Fellow. The portrait of Porson and specimens of his exquisite Greek handwriting are not here, but in the Boys' Library. The College Library, however, received much attention at the beginning of the eighteenth century, and it was, as we have seen, from 1728 that the present building dates, and by contributions and purchases its contents were again brought up to the standard of the age. The next stage in its existence, and the last important accession which it has received, was in 1799, when it was enriched by the very valuable legacy of Anthony Morris Storer, of Purley, which we shall afterwards treat, as it deserves to be treated, at greater length.

It will be convenient to conclude this portion of our subject with a list of some of the miscellaneous donations during the last hundred years. In 1788 a collection of Oriental MSS., amounting to more than 550 volumes, was presented to the two colleges of Henry VI., half of them being at King's and the other half at Eton. The Asiatic Society had been founded four years previously at Calcutta by Sir William Jones, from which year European Sanskrit philology may be said to date. The catalogue comprises most of the celebrated works of the Arabian and Persian authors in mythology, natural history, poetry, and fiction. As smaller contributions on the same subject, two Buddhist books, written on the palmyra leaf, and a grammar of Singhalee, presented by W. Johnson and Bishop Chapman respectively, may be here noticed. Henry Godolphin (Provost, 1695-1732), brother of Sidney Godolphin, the well-known Minister, gave the library one of the two Florentine Homers which it possesses, and left 200l. to be spent on books. But the most munificent benefactor of this period was Edward Waddington, Bishop of Chichester and Fellow of Eton. A large proportion of the theology is due to him, as well as a vast collection of political and theological tracts, of sermons, miscellanies, and ballads bearing on the latter part of the seventeenth century and the beginning of the eighteenth. Lord Berkeley de Stratton presented several Aldines, one of them the fine editio princeps of Aristotle, 1495, in six volumes. The names of Nicholas Harding and Nicholas Mann (Master of the Charterhouse, 1737), of John Reynolds, William Hetherington, and Thomas To come to the Evans often occur as donors. present century; in 1818 a very interesting little volume, Ralph Royster Doyster, without a titlepage, was presented by an old Etonian, the Rev. T. Briggs, the authorship of which was traced to Udall (Head Master, 1534-43), whom Hallam calls the father of English comedy. It was probably written before 1540, and printed in 1565.

104

The last fifty years have seen numerous presents made. Among them may be mentioned, from Mr. Wilder the Baskett Bible and the Book of Common Prayer, by the same printer, as well as an Esop (Basle, 1501), edited by Sebastian Brandt, author of The Ship of Fools. It contains some To the late Provost very quaint woodcuts. Hawtrey the library is indebted, among other things, for (1) a copy of Catholick Charitie (London, 1641), by Francis Rous, the Provost who was Speaker of the "Barebones Parliament "; (2) a MS. Supplement to Historic Doubts on the Life and Reign of Richard III., in Lord Orford's handwriting, unpublished; (3) a handsome copy of Gray's Complete Works (2 vols. 4to.), including the Letters and the Memoir by W. Mason, edited by Mathias in 1819. It contains a fac-simile of the MS. of the "Elegy," the original being at Pembroke, Cambridge, of which proof can be

adduced.

This

Another interesting reminiscence of Gray is a copy of one of the least common of the variorum editions of Catullus, Tibullus, and Propertius. In it are numerous references to, and apposite quotations from, the Greek poets, written out in the delicate clear handwriting of the poet. volume, once in the possession of Mr. Penn, of Stoke Pogis, who purchased all Gray's MSS., has been presented within the last few years by a late Etonian, Mr. G. Macmillan, an example which it is to be hoped may lead to the contribution of An equally other similar objects of interest. appropriate gift from the Bishop of Limerick is the Marquis of Wellesley's own copy of the Musœ Etonenses (1795), with his MS. notes and corrections of sundry misprints and dates. Some of the latter are noteworthy. We thus learn that the lovely address Ad Genium loci, "O levis Fauni et Dryadum sodalis," with which few Sapphics of our day could compete, was composed by him when A book sent he was but sixteen years old. by the late Prince Consort, Geschichte der Buchdruckerkunst (the History of Printing), by Dr. Falkenstein (Leipsic, 1840), and two extremely handsome presents from Frederic William, the late King of Prussia, must not be passed over. aus Egypten und One is the Denkmäler Ethiopien, by Lepsius, a magnificent work in twelve volumes. The other was in memory of the king's visit in 1842. He remarked at the time that the foundation of the college was very nearly coeval with the invention of movable types, and two years later sent one of the two superb impressions of the Nibelungen, printed on vellum (gt. folio), as a monument of typography and a memorial of the jubilee of the four hundredth anniversary of Gutenberg's invention. The other copy is at Berlin, and only 100 copies were taken on paper. Accompanying it is an autograph letter from Bunsen.

We have thus far sketched in outline the history of this library. In a future number we propose FRANCIS ST. JOHN THACKERAY. to enter into more detail respecting its interesting Eton College. contents.

(To be continued.)

LINCOLNSHIRE FIELD NAMES.

I have recently had in my possession a list of the names of the enclosed grounds and lands in in-Lindsey. It was compiled about forty years the open fields in the parish of Scotton, near KirtonAs I think some of these names are interago.

esting, I send you an alphabetical catalogue of all
that are in any way noteworthy. I have seen
names here given were in use in the sixteenth
documents which prove that some, at least, of the
lies near to the river Trent forms the township,
century. That part of the parish of Scotton which
or hamlet, of East Ferry. The names in this part
of the parish I have distinguished by a letter F.
Ash Holt Close, F.
Barlings Close.

Balaam Hill Dale.

Belfry Belfry Close. It is not probable that this place had any connexion with the belfry of the church. means, in our dialect, a shed made of wood, sticks, furze, or straw. From some such erection it may be assumed that this close acquired its name. Black Mells. Black Mells Dale. Bracken Hill.

Burnt House Yard.

Bull Piece. This Bull Piece was about an acre in extent.
It was the place where the parish bull was kept. In
the spring, when he ran in the Cow Pasture, this
parcel of land was thrown to it. There was another
Bull Piece in the Low Field, where hay was grown for
the bull's winter food. The bull was bought by the
parish officers out of the public funds, and was under
their care.
Butts upon Stow Mere. Probably this place took its
name from having been the spot where the butts stood
when archery was practised.

Carr Close, F.
Calf Holme.
Cheese Close.

Cockthorn.
Collombine Close.

Cotterell Dale.

Cow Pasture. This was what is called a stinted pasture,

on which the Scotton householders turned their cows until a certain fixed day in the autumn. Then the pasture became what was called open, and all the householders of the parish had a right to run sheep and geese thereon.

Croshams Close.
Cross Dale.
Drake Garth.
Elm Tree Dale.
First Walk.

Crakethorn Dale.

Flints.
Foxthorns Dale.

Froth Close.
Furze Dale.

Galfholme Corner.