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PART I.

PRINCIPLES OF ORAL EXPRESSION.

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THE SPEAKER.

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LESSON I.

VOCAL CULTURE.

NOTE. It is well for the pupil to begin this study by having explained to him the organs of vocalization. But it is still more important for him to understand that a thorough culture of the voice involves a daily practice of the exercises indicated in these first two chapters, continued through months and years. For the first few weeks, until the muscles of the diaphragm and throat can be expanded and contracted with the sound at will, only the elementary exercises should be attempted. Later, the more advanced exercises may be used. For these reasons, with classes, especially of younger pupils, it may be best to begin instruction with the third lesson.

§ 1. Preliminary Exercises.

Time for Vocal Practice. Begin from one to five hours after eating, and practise from fifteen to thirty minutes.

I. If any one exercise fatigues or irritates the organs, pass on to another.

II. If out of practice, go over the exercises daily for three or four days before public speaking.

a. Alternating Passive and Active Chest.— Without breathing or moving shoulders, repeatedly lift the chest from that which is its ordinary (passive) condition, to the slightly raised and expanded (active) condition in which the shoulders seem to be back and down. When practising the vocal exercises, always hold the chest in this active position.

b. Waist Movements. · Bend the body backward and forward, from side to side, and, without moving the hips, twist it, i.e., turn shoulders from side to side.

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