already gone beyond her acquaintance with such fearful rites; and she knew Margery was now working by tremendously powerful charms an exertion of her art which she shuddered to think was probably required, in consequence of that golden signet on her finger. She began to dread, too, lest her resolution should be subdued by the intensity of her excited feelings. Once or twice it required all the command she could still exercise over herself to refrain from giving utterance to her agony of mind, though she knew a single word from her, even a half-stifled exclamation, would destroy the whole.

you ;—we are not about to describe the sufferings of the rabbits, guinea-pigs, pigeons, pigs, and chickens, that have from time to time been gasping in articulo mortis beneath the scalpel of the physiologist ;-we have no desire at this moment to excite your sympathy with such horrors, and would not disturb the summer serenity of your thoughts by one unpleasing or unhallowed reflection. Our present remarks are simply to preface a notice of a very interesting and valuable work by Dr Holland, who has devoted much time and industry to physiological pursuits, and whose name, from the freshness of his mind, and the obvious zeal of his disposition in the acquisition of know

"The hag now bade the serpent give the charmed blood, drop by drop; and no sooner had the gorged creature, rearing its wreathed neck, distilled the warm gore f from its opening jaws, than Helen's ears were assailed by the most dis-ledge, is likely, at no distant period, to rank very high in mal wailings, and by deep hollow groans from beneath her Medical literature. feet. The walls shook-the earth trembled-the loathsome objects which formed the circle leaped and danced about skulls rattled against skulls-the iron teeth chattered-the low red flames, issuing from the unhallowed human fat and flesh, blazed like torches-the thunder pealed-and the blue lightning flashed-and there were loud howling and screaming, as if the place were filled with ravening wolves and famished eagles.

"In the midst of this wild tumult of unearthly noises, the voice of Margery was heard crying aloud, Arise, Alascon! Alascon, arise! Ascend, mighty Spirit of the future !'"

The limits which must be prescribed to the present review, and the circumstance of our Journal not aiming at the discussion of controversial points in physiological and medical science, must preclude us from disputing with our author many theoretical opinions, on which we are Our notice of his work we inclined to differ from him. wish to be rather analytical, than controversial; and we leave him and his contemporaries, whose opinions he arraigns, to discuss them more at length in the periodicals which are avowedly devoted to this subject. Dr Holland's subject that has engaged the attention of the most distinenquiries refer principally to the cause of animal heat; a guished physiologists, and which has, unquestionably, a

Ohe, jam satis! From beginning to end, this book seems to us an outrage upon common sense, and common decency. There is a certain degree of rude strength in some of the conceptions, but it is a strength more befit-high degree of interest attached to it. ting a butcher in the shambles, than a Christian knight at tilt or tournament. Besides, all the horrors are gratuitous to a most unjustifiable degree ;-they answer no end, they elucidate no secret,-they point no moral. They are a mouldering heap of cross bones, which ought to be buried again in the charnel-house, from which they have been sacrilegiously dug.

An Experimental Enquiry into the Laws which regulate the Phenomena of Organic and Animal Life. By George Calvert Holland, M.D., Bachelor of Letters of the University of Paris, formerly senior President of the Hunterian Medical Society, and President of the Royal Physical Society of Edinburgh. Edinburgh. Maclachlan and Stewart. 1829. Pp. 466. 8vo.

To

THE study of Physiology is commonly regarded as forming one of the most pleasing branches essential to Medical Science; yet it embraces so many subjects of an interesting nature, that they require only to be stripped of the technicalities with which they are often obscured, to command general attention, and be appreciated by the more popular class of readers. The voyager, who, in traversing the wide ocean, is the first to discover some previously unknown island; or the astronomer, who first perceives and demonstrates the existence of some new and distant planet, is not entitled to more credit and praise from his fellow-creatures, than he who is the first to disclose some new and important truth, prevailing as an established law throughout the animal economy. enter the fields of science with an ardent and anxious mind, to explore their hitherto untrodden paths with unwearied assiduity and zeal, will almost guarantee some degree of success to every enquirer; for so much has yet to be accomplished, and there remain so many truths that have even yet escaped our investigation, that none need despair of ultimately triumphing over difficulties, and making discoveries that may still be of essential benefit to mankind. The experimental philosopher cannot fail to feel animated by this hope; it is the star at once to guide and cheer him in his progress; and thus he may reconcile himself to tasks otherwise of a most irksome and even painful description. But think not, fair and gentle reader! that we wish to summon the spirit of the charnel-house from Surgeon Square to discompose

All animals, it is

Accord

is more or less distinct from the medium wherein they
known, have a tendency to preserve a temperature that
live, and which, in diseases, is ascertained to undergo re-
markable variations. In fever, the heat of the body has
been observed at 107°, in tetanus at 110°, and on some
occasions has been said to rise still higher. It manifests
variety according to age, season, and climate.
ing to Dr Edwards and Despretz, it is said to be lower
in the young than in the adult; in infancy, the former
has remarked the temperature to be 9440, whilst in the
adult it varies from 96° to 98o. The latter asserts, that
while in birds it is 105° in winter, it is nearly 1110
in summer, gradually increasing in spring, and decrea-
sing in autumn. There appears, also, to be a remarkable
difference in the young of warm-blooded animals, as to
their power of producing heat. A guinea-pig, soon after
birth, is able to resist a low temperature, nearly as well
as an adult; but kittens and puppies, when newly born,
lose their temperature rapidly, when the external heat is
artificially lowered; in a fortnight, however, they again
acquire the power of evolving heat. Those animals which
are born with their eyes open, can sustain themselves at
a given temperature; the opposite class resemble at first
cold-blooded animals, and their temperature falls with
that of the surrounding media.

John Hunter, Wilson Philip, Crawford, Edwards, Brodie, and numerous other distinguished physiologists, have exercised their abilities in endeavouring to explain the source of animal heat; and although various ingenious theories have been hazarded, and experiments performed, very different opinions respecting it are still entertained. Black was the first who regarded the respiratory function as producing changes on the inspired air analogous to those of combustion; and when this resemblance was ascertained, the lungs, which had formerly been supposed to act in cooling the heart, were invested by physiologists with the power of producing animal heat. To this it was replied, that if the heat of the body radiated from the lungs, their temperature must be much superior to that of the other organs of the body;-an objection which appeared at that time of so formidable a kind, that Black did not, it is said, attempt its refutation. Lavoisier advocated a similar theory, but speaks of the hypothesis as being entirely his own, and founded on his own experiments. Crawford, by numerous experiments, carefully conducted, became satisfied that arterial blood has a greater capacity for heat than venous

North Pole; and, to the best of our knowledge, we never yet were on the highest pinnacle of Chimboraco. Yet, before we undertook to conduct a periodical like the EDINBURGH LITERARY JOURNAL, it was natural that we should, like Ulysses, seek to increase our experience of men and their ways, by visiting foreign shores. It so chanced, that, in the course of our rambles, we stumbled upon Bohemia,—a country seemingly set apart from the rest of nations by the hand of Nature. Bohemia is a kind of natural basin. It is surrounded on every side by a ring of mountains, (to the north by a double belt.) The land sinks down on every side, from the circumference to the centre. Thither all the various watercourses find their way, and are drained off by the broad Elbe, which has burst a course for itself through those giant mountains which separate Bohemia from Saxony.

hemians, which almost makes amends for their wretched state of society. There is warmth and endurance in their friendship, when once it is obtained. There is something primitive about them—even in their greetings. "Praised be Jesus Christ," is the salutation. "To all eternity, Amen," is the response. We love them all-their reserved and sturdy men-their dark and stately women, with eyes all liquid fire, and hearts all love their patron saint, (the holy St John of Nepomuc,) who, having been deprived of life by being tossed from a bridge, has since been constituted the special and exclusive guardian of all such structures-no doubt on account of the affection with which he must, after such an event, be inclined to regard them.

Prague, the capital, (really, gentle reader, considering that we started from Dresden, we have arrived at the scene of the novel now before us with tolerable speed,) is characteristic, and worthy of such a land. Surrounded by slight elevations, highly diversified and romantic, the site of the city is, not in its individual features, but in the relative elevations and depressions of its surface, not unlike what Edinburgh might be, did a broad and placid stream flow between the Castle-hill and Prince's-street. On the highest elevation stand the Castle and the Minster. Around the base of the hill, and down to the river

It was with a strange feeling that we first set foot in the diligence from Dresden to Prague, for the purpose of visiting a country of which we had no more definite idea, than could be gathered from the perusal of some thousands of romances and romantic dramas. It was most cruel that there was no less commonplace way of visiting this land of inaccessible mountains, dark forests, and darker deeds. The inns on the road, too, although bad enough to please the veriest novel reader, did not furnish us with a single adventure. We have since visited it inside, clusters a city of palaces. A stately bridge connects a more adventurous way; but to talk of that now were to wander from our subject. We found, that although the progress of arts has made every country patent to modern travelling, and spread a tiresome similarity of character over every European nation, yet the jealous care of the Austrian government has been, in a great measure, successful in keeping its subjects safe from the contamination. Not that it has been altogether successful. Some slight glimmerings of European culture have found their way thither in spite of it. But, on the whole, there are more peculiarities in Bohemian society, than in that of any other western nation.

The

The people may be divided into two great nations, the governing and the governed. The former-the Austrians-engross all places of power and profit, and constitute almost exclusively the military establishment of Bohemia. The Austrians are the least refined and instructed of the Germans; and though, at home, honest and good-natured to a proverb, they are notorious as oppressive masters in other lands. The latter the native Bohemians-acute and sensitive, proud,—of an Oriental disposition, more prompt and active than persevering-subside in their forced state of inactivity into torpor. peasantry seem to have no notions beyond what can help them to the pleasures of sense, and a rooted hatred of the Germans. The aristocracy, not permitted to take the share in the business of the state which belongs to them, seem to lose their relish even for the social pleasures, and shut themselves up each in his family circle. tem of political espionage completes the repulsion engendered in society; and the body politic, kept from falling asunder by military force, resembles a mass of atoms, which, without any internal attraction for each other, are held together by an external force. In this discordant mass are to be found occasionally ingredients of a foreign character; such as the Jews, who, in the interior, compose the exclusive population of villages,-gipsies, who have generally abandoned their roving life, but retain the features and much of the character of their tribe,-on the frontiers, large bands of fearless smugglers, called into existence by Austria's exclusive system, from whom the bands of robbers, who still occasionally infest the country, draw most of their recruits.

The sys

Yet, as Nature (never at a loss) knows always to make up for deficiencies occasioned by accident-compensating the loss of sight by increased intensity of the sense of hearing, and supplying the want of good government and social order, by invigorating personal friendship—there is much to be found in the individual characters of the Bo

this part of Prague, with the more thronged and busy
districts which lie beyond the Moldau. The aspect of
the city tells its history at once, as we may read dead
passions and the sufferings of other years in the face of
him who has undergone strange fortunes.
Not a street,

scarcely a building in the city, but carries the mind centuries back to the time when its foundations were laid; and yet scarcely one, but, from the repairs which frequent sieges and bombardments have rendered necessary, wears a modern look.

It is not, however, the Prague of our day, but Prague at the conclusion of the thirty years' war, that has called into exertion the graphic powers of Madame Pichler. We are not quite certain, but we have a dim recollection of having heard the name of this lady among the four thousand respectable and industrious ladies and gentlemen who are at present earning their daily bread in Germany by the manufacture of romances. It strikes us, (if we do not confuse her with some one else,) that she has executed elegant and spirited translations of several of the Waverley Novels. The Swedes in Prague is an attempt at something in the same style. The time is favourably chosen-near enough the end of the war to admit of a fortunate termination; a time when all the strange characters a civil war can evolve have received the last finishing touch; a time when, the fierce and reckless character of the mercenary troops having reached its wildest extreme, there is ample scope for adventure. The more prominent characters are well chosen. A highlygifted and beautiful, but vain and ambitious woman, feels flattered by the attentions of a young nobleman, beneath whose pacific and domestic demeanour she cannot discover a mind capable of the most noble conceptions and energy sufficient to give them reality. Her cold heart is hurried away, her dull apprehension impressed by qualities more evident to the vulgar gaze, by a man of boundless ambition, fierce passion, and versatility of talent. In the progress of the story, the former is awakened by events into the character of his country's preserver; the latter, goaded on by his passions, entangles himself deeper in the meshes of intrigue, and falls in battle, after having seen, one by one, his most cherished hopes decay. The vibrating of Helena's selfish heart between them, as a union with the one or the other seemed most likely to cast a splendour on her, is finely pourtrayed. Several of the subordinate characters play happily into the plot. What most pleases us in the work, is the delicate tact with which the workings of the human heart,— the growth and decay of attachment between individuals of

tyr was the earliest among the Fathers of whose works any considerable portion has reached the present time; and his appearance marks the commencement of what may be termed the Ecclesiastical, in contra-distinction to the Apostolic period. We must refer the curious reader to the work before us, for a vast mass of interesting theological matter.

different sexes, are drawn. What we most want in it, is power. In what are meant to be the more stirring scenes, there is a dreadful feebleness. It is not bringing them vividly before us, as some authors do-it is the cold second-hand narrative of one before whose imagination they have been made to pass. After all, however, the story carries us along with it without fatiguing us, and is just such reading as we would recommend to all our fair friends in the approaching hot weather. The transla-mulgating certain opinions on the Millennium, which are tion is well executed.

Some Account of the Writings and Opinions of Justin
Martyr.
By John, Bishop of Lincoln, and Master of
Christ's College, Cambridge. Cambridge, J. and J.
Deighton; London, C. J. G. and F. Rivington.
8vo. 1829.

As the Reverend Edward Irving is at present pro

somewhat extravagant, and which do not seem to attract much attention in Scotland, notwithstanding the reverend orator and prophet's exertions, he will perhaps consider that we do him a service by making our readers acquainted with

JUSTIN MARTYR'S OPINIONS ON THE MILLENNIUM. "We have seen, that among other questions put by

Trypho to Justin," says the learned Bishop," he asks would be rebuilt, and that they, as well as the patriarchs, whether the Christians really believed that Jerusalem prophets, and Jews, and proselytes, who lived before the that although many pure (in doctrine) and pious Chriscoming of Christ, would be collected there. Justin replies, tians were of a different opinion, yet he himself, and as ορθογνώμονες κατὰ πάντα, were assured that they who bemany Christians as were in every respect orthodox, lieve in Christ should rise in the flesh, and for the space of a thousand years inhabit Jerusalem, rebuilt, and beau

THE work before us, by Dr Kaye, Bishop of Lincoln, will add to the reputation which that prelate has already acquired as a theologian, a scholar, and an ecclesiastical writer, both by his very learned work on the writings and opinions of Tertullian, and by other disquisitions on the early Fathers of the Church. We feel well pleased that the LITERARY JOURNAL should be the first periodical in this country to introduce the Bishop of Lincoln to Scottish readers. The Church of England had never, perhaps, greater cause than at present to be proud of her governors. In her Augustan days, during the reigns of Elizabeth and James I., she could boast of a Park-tified, and enlarged. In confirmation of this opinion, he er, a Whitgift, and an Andrews, the last of whom was so very learned, that he used to be termed "a living Lexicon;" but, not to mention other illustrious Bishops, she at this moment can exultingly point to the names of Blomfield, Marsh, Kaye, and Burgess, prelates whose profound learning, the first as a Grecian, the second as a theologian, the third as an ecclesiastical writer, and the fourth as a Hebraist, reflects a lustre on the times in which they live, and on the church over which they preside. "We may be thankful," says Mr Southey, in his last work, "that the Church of England is at this time, according to the prayer of her own true poet (Wordsworth)

"For her defence replenished with a band
Of strenuous champions, in scholastic arts
Thoroughly disciplined: nor (if in course
Of the revolving world's disturbances

Cause should recur, which righteous Heaven avert!
To meet such trial) from their spiritual lives
Degenerate, who, constrained to wield the sword
Of disputation, shrunk not, though assailed
With hostile din, and combating in sight

Of

angry umpires, partial and unjust." Sound Presbyterians though we be, far be it from us to refuse the homage of our admiration to episcopalian genius and profound acquirements.

quotes Isaiah, lxv. 17, and the Book of Revelation, which he expressly ascribes to the Apostle St John. At the ral resurrection was to take place, and after the general expiration of the period of one thousand years the generesurrection and judgment, this whole frame of things was to be consumed by fire."-P. 104.

In conclusion we have only to add, that we should be glad to see the Bishop of Lincoln's work in the hands of which displays industry, talent, and research of the most every clergyman and theological student, for it is a work striking kind.

Florence, the Aspirant. A Novel, in 3 vols. London.
Whittaker & Co. 1829.

MANY and varied qualifications are necessary to enable any one to attain pre-eminence as a Novelist. He must be intimately acquainted with human nature-he must possess acuteness to distinguish, and skill to analyze, the peculiarities of different characters he must have incidents he must uniformly render the situations of the imagination to invent, and judgment to classify, striking personages interesting and probable; and, as a subsidiary The work before us contains the substance of a Course casion by which it has been prompted. requisite, his language must always be suited to the ocof Lectures which the learned Bishop delivered in the all this, it is obvious that success will, in an especial In addition to Lent term of 1821. That our readers may form an idea manner, depend on the choice of the subject. If it either of its plan, we shall enumerate the heads of the nine relate to events, which though ingeniously depicted, are chapters into which it is divided. 1. On the Writings of intrinsically common-place, or if it continually lead to Justin Martyr. 2. The Opinions of Justin respecting abstruse and metaphysical enquiries, the chief aim of the the Aéyos and the Trinity. 3. Justin's opinions respect- writer will be frustrated. ing original sin, the freedom of the will, grace, justifica-ject to a religious novel—a work which blends the suWe therefore decidedly obtion, predestination. 4. Justin's opinions respecting bap- blimest truths with the most absurd fictions, and which, tism and the eucharist, with a particular reference to a under the garb of whining sentimentalism, manifestly passage in the first Apology. 5. The immortality of the degrades, while it professes to recommend, the doctrines soul, the resurrection of the body, the millennium, future of Christianity. If religion is to become the legitimate judgments, angels, demons. 6. The condition of the framework for romance, why ought we to exclude anChristians in the time of Justin, and the causes of the atomy, algebra, or any other complex science? By rapid diffusion of Christianity. 7. The heresies mention- the publication of a religious novel, there is a literary ed by Justin, miscellaneous observations. 8. An exfraud practised on the reader, which he cannot fail to reamination of the question, whether Justin quoted the sent. He expects to trace a resemblance between the gospels which we now have? 9. Illustrations of the fanciful representation of the novelist, and the actual ocpreceding chapters from the writings of Fabian, Athencurrences of life; but he finds, that the whole zest of the agoras, and Theophilus of Antioch, with additional re- eclaircissement consists in the unnatural reformation of Such are the interesting topics which the learnsome confirmed rake, or in the miraculous endowment ed prelate discusses in the work before us. Justin Mar- of some flirting chambermaid with the acumen of a pro

marks.

fessor of ethics.
only meets with inconclusive arguments and prejudiced
opinions regarding the ritual of some peculiar sect. In
the great majority of cases he can recognize no glowing
delineations of female loveliness or of manly virtue-no
bold developement of the darker lineaments of humanity
-no indications of humour-no masterly strokes of sa-
tire no touches of pathos-no graphic descriptions-no
elegant fluency of diction. In short, every page is full of
dull monotonous cant; and it is, in general, difficult to
determine, whether the work ought to be despised for its
insipidity, or for the profane allusions with which it
abounds.

Instead of epigrammatic dialogue, he as a set of banditti would almost blush for," and as
guilty of making the Bible itself " food for low puns and
wretched witticisms." It would be ridiculous to refute
such aspersions. They are levelled against men whose
respectability and talent as a body cannot be disputed;
and we only pity the imbecility, and smile at the maligni-
ty, of the vituperator.

On her

To complete the dramatis persona, we meet with a Miss Jessy M'Fie, a half-crazed Scottish Dissenter, and a Dr Campion and his son, who have some scrambling for the hand of Florence; which, however, is interrupted by the apoplectic demise of the old gentleman.

Such are the main features of this novel (erroneously so called); and we submit to our readers whether or not they substantiate our verdict regarding it.

MISCELLANEOUS LITERATURE.

A FEW REMARKS ON WORDS.

By William Tennant, Author of “ Anster Fair," &c.
- πια πτερόεντα:

Wing'd words that fly, with eye-confounding speed,
From Greece to France, from Tiber to the Tweed;
From Babel first they flew, as from their nest;
And ever since they fly, and find no rest.

Or all the vocables uttered by man, the word SHTA,
isTnu, STO, stand, is the most universal, and has the most
multitudinous family of derivatives. We find it in an
immense variety of shapes in every modern and ancient
language. It is to be seen in maps of the south of Asia,
in Hindoostan, Cafferistan, &c.; in maps of the north of
Europe, in Carlstad, Jacobstad, &c.
We hear it every
day in Scotland in farm-steadin', house-stance, &c.
cannot read a single page of a Greek, Latin, English,
Italian, Spanish, or German book, without meeting it in
one or other of its multiplied phases. A little volume
might be made up of the many words formed, through-
out the various languages, from this single syllable. Its
root is to be found in Sanskrit and Hebrew.

We

The volumes now before us were written for the purpose of elucidating certain tenets of the Roman Catholic creed. We have expressed our general opinion regarding publications of this calibre, and certainly the present work tends to confirm that opinion. It may contain an accurate exposition of Catholic Theology; but, as a novel, it has no merit, and it is exclusively as a novel that it appears before the public. Indeed, we can hardly conceive a more ridiculous story than the one here unfolded. It would seem that the heroine, originally an Episcopalian, visits a Catholic chapel with her mother. return home, the young lady is taken violently ill, and a doctor having arrived, he receives the fearful intelligence that the amiable Miss Florence Stanhope, the paragon of beauty and perfection, had actually "shivered after having eaten half an egg;" although, as it is extremely important and instructive to observe," she often eats a whole one without injury;" on which account, opines the sagacious Mrs Stanhope," I should rather imagine, that the previous state of the stomach caused the aversion, than that it was occasioned by the food I speak of." This, however, though a very plausible supposition, and highly creditable to the gastronomical research of the author, is not the real cause of the malady. Florence has been impressed by the priest's eloquence-she wishes to become a convert to his principles, and her desires in this respect are ultimately gratified. The process by which her conversion takes place, constitutes the sole materials of the plot. And who are the principal actors that contribute to the What is the termination BER in the names of the months advancement of this noble denouement? We are first September, October, &c.? An eminent philologist sugintroduced to the heroine, who possesses those attrac-gests, that it may be the latter fragment of IMBER, as showtions with which puling sensibility can invest her. Her er-as if regular rains characterized the Latin months, mother occupies a more prominent part in the scene. which is not the case. As the Romans and Greeks took She relates her history at full length; and, judging from all their astronomical notions from the Egyptians and its incidents, the propriety of her deportment seems some- Orientalists, it is more likely, that, with the division of what questionable. By her own confession, even before the year into twelve months, and the division of the day marriage, her mysterious seclusion from society for seve- into twelve hours, they adopted also the Oriental word ral weeks, without any apparent reason, tended to cast a BAR OF BER, signifying time, turn, or revolution, and ansuspicion over her conduct; and after marriage, she is nexed it, as the Orientalists did, to their own cardinal rather awkwardly found in an arbour with another wo- numbers, to denote the revolutions or turns of the moon. man's husband, who, with all the ardour of impassioned To this day (as the Indians did in Sanskrit) the Persians love, beseeches her to be " his guardian angel." And yet say YAK-BAR, DO-BAR, &c. one-time, two-times, writing them, this worthy matron can spiritualize, like Hervey, on a not as two words separate, but as one word, just as the green gooseberry. She has a sister, whose great delight Latins did in the names of their months. consists in field sports-in angling-in taking long journeys alone in public vehicles-and in sometimes assuming masculine attire. Her appearance awakens the amorous propensities of a Mr Ashburn, a Catholic divine, who is consulted on all occasions, as the infallible oracle of Scriptural knowledge. While in one page he inculcates obedience to God's law, he, in the next page, eloquently describes the graces of the fair nymph; and, as he gazes on her "well-proportioned feet and ankles, adorned in the Diana style," he candidly declares that she is "an extraordinary fine woman." Albeit such expressions, in such circumstances, are somewhat unsuitable to the clerical character, they are, perhaps, more excusable than the bigoted sentiments contained in a letter from a friend of his, who is on a visit to Edinburgh. In it the Scotch clergy are represented as licentious in their conduct—as lamentably deficient in intellectual attainments—as exhibiting in their church courts, "such rancour, backbiting, and forebiting,

It is curious to observe how the same vocable, with the same signification, is current in countries separated by great distances; one or two instances only of such identities are sufficient to prove, that such nations must, at some period or other of their history, have been connected. Our Scottish word dochter, after gliding, like another Alpheus, through the German ocean, pops up its head, somewhat distorted and disguised, in Saxony, in the shape and sound of TOCHTER; and, after an immense hiatus of separation, reappears, in the very same shape and guise, on the plains of Persia and Baloochistan. Our English word tree is to be found in Sanskrit. Our homely word palaver is, with short intervals of interruption, found current nearly in the same meridian line from pole to pole; it is a classical word, as we all know, in the Doric of Scotland; it passes subterraneously through the soil of England-reappears in Spain and Portugal-crosses the straits of