RIC

and against the execution of the Duke de
Montmorency, 509, 510. Accepts Oxen-
stiern's offers, and marches to the defence
of German independence, 511. Successes of
the House of Austria, 512. Richelieu con-
cludes an alliance with Holland, 512. Dis-
astrous campaign of 1636, 513. Obtains
succours from Paris, 514. Plot to assassin-
ate him, 514, 527. Secures Alsace to France,
516. Re-establishes French power in North
Italy, 517. His efforts against the Spanish
Low Countries, 517. Undertakes the com-
missariat himself, 517. His successes in
Roussillon and Catalonia, 518, 519. His
conquest of Artois, 520, 521. His services
to his country, and tyranny, 521. His enor-
mous expenditure, 523. His patronage of
letters, 526. His jealousies, 526, 527. His
severity to Queen Anne, 527, 528. And to
Madame de Chevreuse and Chancellor Châ-
teauneuf, 528, 529. Humiliates the Queen,
530. His treatment of the courtiers and
grandees, 532. Formation of a league against
him, 533. Marches into Catalonia, 536. His
illness and despair, 537. Repairs to Taras-
con, 537. Obtains a copy of the treaty of
Cinq Mars with Spain, 538. His interview
with the King at Tarascon, 539. Causes
Cinq Mars and De Thou to be executed,
540. His diseases, and mistrust, 539, 540.
His death, 541. And character, 544
Richelieu, Marquis de, brother of the Cardinal,
killed in a duel, iii. 423

Richelieu, Duke de, marries Madame de Pons,
iii. 600

Richelieu, Duke de, his villany, iv. 256.

His

persecution of the Huguenots, 256. Drives
away Admiral Byng, and takes Port Mahon,
264. Obtains the capitulation of the English
at Klooster-Seven, 270. Which he allows to
evaporate, 272

Richelieu, Duke de, succeeds Talleyrand, v.
269. Gains the support and confidence of
the Allied Powers, 291. Goes to Aix to meet
other plenipotentiaries, 292. Succeeds in
getting the evacuation of French territory,
292. His temporizing policy induces resig-
nation of Decazes, 293. Resigns, 294. Re-
quested by the King to form another minis-
try, 294. His difficulties, 295. His failure
to form a ministry, 295. His resignation in
1821, 313

Richepanse, General, cuts off retreat of Aus-
trians at Hohenlinden, v. 89
Richmond, Arthur, Earl of. See Arthur
Rieussec, Colonel, killed in the Fieschi plot, v. 495
Rieux, Marshal de, endeavours to promote a
marriage between Anne of Brittany and the
Count d'Albret, ii. 370. Withdraws from
court, 370. But won over to the view of
Henry VII., 371

Robert I., the Devil, Duke of Normandy, his
rebellion, and murder of his brother Richard
III., i. 87, 88. His magnificence and chivalry,
88. His endeavours to aid the Anglo-Saxons
against King Canute, 88. Prepares a naval
expedition against England, 88. His death
on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, 90, 101
Robert II., Duke of Burgundy, his son killed
at Mons la Puelle, i. 334

Robert II., son of Hugh Capet, educated by
Gerbert, i. 63, 80. Crowned and associated
with his father in the kingdom, 78. Libe-
rates Arnulph, archbishop of Rheims, 80.
His character as a ruler, 80, 81. Compelled
to divorce his queen Bertha, 81. Marries
Constance of Aquitaine, 81. His war in
Burgundy, assisted by the Normans, 81.
Lays siege to Auxerre, but fails to reduce it,
81. Acquires the town of Sens, 81. Gives
his sister in marriage to the Count of Nevers,
81. New ideas and new movements of this
reign, 82. Inauguration of the persecution
of heretics, 86. His sufferings from the
tyranny of the clergy and of his wife, 87.
His death, 87

Robert the Frison, Count of Flanders, his
victory over the French and Normans, i. 99.

Joins the first Crusades, 104. At the cap-
ture of Jerusalem, 111.

Robert, Count of Flanders, the English subsidy
to, refused by Henry I. of England, i. 118.
Slain at Meau, 118

Robert III., Count of Flanders, his defence of
Lille, i. 312. Defeated by Charles of Valois,
316. Goes with his father to Paris, where they
are treacherously imprisoned by Philip IV.,
316. Liberated from prison, and restored
to his country, 334. See also Guy Robert de
Dampierre. Refuses to do homage to Louis
X. on his accession, 364. His son, the Count
of Nevers, well received by Louis, 364. Sup-
ported by Bruges in his resistance to France,

ROB

His

372. Makes terms with France, 372.
death, 378
Robert Guiscard, King of Naples, besieges
Amalfi, i. 106. Determines to join the Cru-
sades, 106

Robert, second son of Louis VIII., receives Ar-
tois as his appanage, i. 200. Marries the
daughter of the Duke of Brabant, 217. Com-
pelled to refuse the Pope's offer of the im-
perial crown, 218. At the investiture of the
Count of Poitou, 221. Assumes the Cross,
228. At the battle of Mansourah, 234, 235.
Killed there, 236

Robert, younger son of Robert II., his rebellion,
i. 87. Obtains the duchy of Burgundy, 87
Robert the Strong, entrusted by Charles the
Bald with the defence against the Normans
of the region between the Seine and Loire,
i. 47. Created by Charles, abbot of St. Mar-
tin of Tours, 47, 48. Becomes count of
Anjou, 47, 48. His death, 48

Robert, brother of King Eudes, submits to
Charles the Simple as his suzerain, i. 52.
Governs the duchies of Paris and Orleans,
52. Promotes peace with the Normans, 52.
Becomes godfather to Rollo the Norman, 53.
Reclaims the crown of France, 54. Crowned
king in Rheims, 54. Slain in battle near Sois-
sons, 54

Robert Short Hose, Duke of Normandy, defeated
by his brother Henry I. of England, at Tin-
chebray, i. 117

Robert, Count of Artois, commands for the im-
prisoned Prince of Salerno, i. 300. Takes
Agosta, 300. Puts an end to English resist-
ance in the south of France, 309
Robert, Count of Artois, defeats the Flemings
at Furnes, i. 314. His offer on behalf of the
French nobles, of their lives and substance
in defence of the King's privileges against
the Pope, 323. Death of the grandson of
the Count of Flanders in his keeping, 326.
Marches against the Flemings at Courtray,
where he is defeated and killed, 327
Robert, Count of Artois (son of the preceding),
claims his heritage, i. 369. Submits to a
trial of his claim by his peers, 369. Con-
stitutes himself a prisoner in Paris, 369.
Marries the daughter of Charles of Valois,
393. Goes to England and becomes the
companion of Edward III., 393, 395. Found
guilty of forgery, and deprived of his estates,
395. Accompanies Edward in his expedition
to Scotland, 395. State of the relations be-
tween England and France after Robert's
residence in the former, 405, 406. Joins
Edward in his invasion of France in 1340,
410. Pillages and devastates St. Omer, 410.
Defeated and routed there, 410. Despatched
by Edward with a fleet and army to Brittany,
415. Besieged in Vannes, 416. Mortally

ROB

wounded there, 416. Buried in St. Paul's,
416. His sons liberated, 446
Robert, Count of Clermont, youngest son of
St. Louis, i. 272. His acquirement of Bour-
bon by marriage, and foundation of the Bour-
bon royal family, 272. Loses his reason st
a tournament, 272, 298

Robert, Count of Normandy, joins the First
Crusade, i. 104. Passes over into Asia,
107. Leads the advance at Antioch, 109.
At the siege and capture of Jerusalem, 111.
Robert of Paris, his death at the siege of Nicea,
i. 108

Robespierre, his republican principles, iv. 444,
460. Withdraws to escape arrest, 461. B-
comes a member of the Legislative Assembly,
468. His modest opinion of himself, 475.
Gains popularity by denouncing the court,
475. Rousseau, his model, 475. Bred a
lawyer, his master advises him provincial
practice, 475. His character and abilities,
475, 476. Madame de Stael calls the colour
of his veins 'green,' 476. Embraces Dumoa-
riez, 482. Denounces Lafayette, 483. Mocks
the reconciliation of parties in the Assembly,
501. Welcomes the Federals, and urges their
taking the oath to the king of nature, 502.
Pointed out as the dictator to Barbaroux,
599. Refuses to listen to Pétion on the de-
thronement of the King, 509. His violence
in the Assembly, 519. Intimidates the men-
bers, 519. Countermands humane measures
of the Assembly, 519, 520. Directs the com-
munes to suspend the courts, and to erect
a revolutionary tribunal, 521. Choses a
cabinet at a tavern opposite the guillotine
522. Denounces a conspiracy in favour of
the Bourbons, 523. Places Brissot and the
Gironde in the category of suspects, 52
Returned member of the Convention, 532.
Denounces the Gironde, 537 Defends his
conduct as to the dictatorship, 539, 540,
Accused by Louvet, 541. Lies hidda
during revolution of August 10, 541. Objects
to trial of Louis XVI., but proposes his exe
cution, 547. Proposes a plan for puthe
education, 557. Denounces Dumouriez, 565
Recommends a vigorous executive, 56
Proposes to march on the Convention and
slaughter the Girondists, 567. Proposes the
Comité de Salut Public, 570. Accuses the
Gironde as accomplices of Dumouriez, 57+
Brings forward his Rights of Man, 575
Denounces the Girondists in the clubs, 551
Sends Marie Antoinette to the scaffold, 604.
et seq. The new constitution of the republ
606, et seq. Member of the Committee ui
Public Safety, 609. Impresses his spirit (
the committee, 610. Urges the Commur:s
to sanguinary measures, 611. Dreams
nothing but plots against the Convention.

ROO

Roosebecque, battle of, ii. 27, 28
Roque, La, fortress of, taken by the French,
and its garrison put to the sword, ii. 405
Ros, Lord de, slain at the battle of Beaugé, ii.
138

Rosas captured by the Duke de Noailles, iv.

48

Rosbach, battle of, iv. 271

Rosny, Sieur de, ejected from the sittings of
the council of finance, iii. 316. In the
Spanish army, 317. His collection of arrears
of revenue, 326

Rossignol, republican general, assists in getting
up the insurrection of June 20, iv. 490.
Commands in La Vendée, 601. Denounced
by Phelippeaux, 638

Rothière, La, battle of, v. 219. Napoleon heads
his Young Guards at, 219

Rotopschin, governor of Moscow, burns the
city, v. 189

Rotterdam, insurrection of, iii. 129

Roturiers, their elevation into the class of
nobles stopped, i. 358. Origin of their name,
358

Rouault, Maréchal, prevents the Burgundians
from entering Paris, ii. 270

Roucy, castle and count of, taken by mercenary
free corps, i. 486

Rouen, invaded by the Normans, i. 46. The
Emperor Otho repelled from, 59. Besieged
by Louis VII., but relieved by Henry II.,
147. Unsuccessful attempt of Philip Au-
gustus on, 160. The city afterwards taken
by him, 165. Muster of his fleet at, for the
invasion of England, 187. Liberties granted
by, or sanctioned to, the people of, by Philip
the Hardy, 296. Rout of the militia of, by
the English, 429. Refuses an aide to John
II., 456. The suburbs burned by the English
under Henry of Lancaster, 459. Takes the
part of the commonalty, 475. Insurrection
against the tax-gatherers, ii. 22. The sedi-
tion put down, and the place treated as a
captured city, 22. Insurrection of the citizens
under Alain Blanchard, 122. Reduced to
obedience by Charles, the dauphin, 122. Be-
sieged by Henry V. of England, 127. Sur-
rendered to him, 128. Henry V.'s Christmas
at, 135. Execution of Jeanne d'Arc at, 180.
The court of the Regent Bedford kept at,
184. The castle surprised by the partisan
Ricarville, and the English displaced, 186.
The place regained by the Regent, 186.
Dunois twice appears before the town, 226.
Which is disgracefully capitulated by the
Duke of Somerset, 226. Charles VII.'s
solemn entry into it, 226. Sum granted by
the Estates to Louis XI., 256. The castle
delivered up to the League by the widow
of the Seneschal De Brezé, 274. Entry of
Charles, Duke of Normandy, 276. Besieged |

ROY

by Louis XI., and Charles compelled to sur-
render, 277. Declares for the Huguenots,
iii. 57. Besieged and pillaged by the army
of Charles IX., 69. Disturbances between
the Catholics and Protestants, 115. Massacre
of the Huguenots, 149. Captured by the
Royalists, 264. Besieged by Henry IV. at
the recommendation of Queen Elizabeth, 280,
282. March of the Prince of Parma to raise
the siege, 283. The notables assembled by
Henry IV., 327. Assembly of notables
again, 417. Taken by Louis XIII., 424.
Taken from Madame de Longueville, 601.
The railway to, the first in France, v. 523
Rouher, M., minister of justice, v. 646
Rousseau, J. J., his attacks on government cor-
ruption, iv. 293. Impulse given by him to
the Revolution, 293. Breaks with his brother
philosophers, 295. His readers, noble and
ignoble, 296

Roussi, Count of, compelled by Louis the Fat
to submit to the church of Rheims, i. 114
Roussillon acquired by Louis XI., ii. 259. War
with Aragon respecting it, 307. The pro-
vince evacuated by the French, 307. Ceded
to Ferdinand V. of Spain, 376. Failure of
Louis XII. to reduce, 418. Invaded by the
French, 553. Attempts of Condé to conquer
it, iii. 517. Surrenders to the French, 519.
Definitively ceded to France, 643

Roussin, Admiral, takes possession of Portu-
guese fleet, v. 461

Roussin, M., minister of marine, v. 525
Rouvray, battle of, ii. 158

Roux, constitutional priest, refuses to take
charge of Louis XVI.'s will, iv. 555
Rovere, Cardinal de la (afterwards Pope Julius
II.), urges Charles VIII. of France to the
conquest of Naples, ii. 381. See Julius II.,
Pope

Roveredo, battle of, v. 23

Roy, Count, supersedes Corvetto as finance
minister, v. 294. Chosen minister, 298. Op-
poses the Five per Cent. Bill, 345. Becomes
finance minister, 366. His management
honest, 372. Refuses to take office under
Polignac, 380

Royalists, their treatment of imperialist gene-
rals, v. 310. Their general policy on gaining
power, 310, et seq.

Royalty, Philip Pot's speech on, ii. 361.
Abolished by the Convention, iv. 536
Roye, town of, burned by Sir R. Knollis, i. 526.
Ceded to Philip III. of Burgundy, ii. 192.
Secured by the Burgundians, 275. Occupied
by Duke Charles of Burgundy, 301. Taken
by the English, 479

Royer-Collard, his speech on new law of elec-
tions, v. 304. Opposes the law of Septen-
niality, 331. Opposes the indemnity to the
émigrés, 344. Opposes the Loi d'Amour, 357.