Charles the Fair, 381. And under Philip VI., 389. Different treatment of them and towns- folk under Philip of Valois, 395. Policy of Philip VI. and John II. with regard to them, 444. Abrogation of their immunity from tax- ation by John II., 455, 456. Antagonism of the noble and civic classes at the end of the fourteenth century, ii. 3. The middle class preferred to the aristocracy by Charles VII., ii. 200. The nobles in his time devoid of high aims or exalted duties, 201. Their resistance to the tax levied for the mainte- nance of a standing army, 205. This revolt of the Praguerie put down, 207. But again formed, 209. Their demands and the King's answers, 210. The field taken against them by the King, 211. Their submission, 213. Their power and privileges under Charles VII., 224. Concessions made to them by Louis XI., 255. Vitality of the power of the noblesse down to 1789, 247. Gradual
change in their habits and manners, 248. Louis XI.'s treatment of them, 343, 346. Statement of their grievances at the Estates of Tours, 359. Limit of crown patronage to them under Louis XII., 399. Causes of the growth of a rampant aristocracy at the beginning of the sixteenth century, 400. Condition of the nobility in the time of Francis I., 573. Their demands at the meet- ing of the Estates of 1560, iii. 36. Mis- trust of the nobles of the peasant as a sol- dier, 62, 63. Charges of the marchands and paysans against the nobles, 176. Rally to Henry III., 240. Henry IV.'s belief in none save his nobles, 324. Their idea of render- ing themselves independent in their pro- vinces, 325. Assembly of notables at Rouen, 327. Their quarrels with the Legists, 402, 403.
Their rebellion against Marie de Me- dieis and her favourite Concini, 413. Their submission to the King, 416. Give their sanction to the establishment of the council of state, 419, 420. Outburst of the grandees in favour of Marie de Medicis, 424. Reduced by the King in Angers, 426. Assembly of notables in 1626, 469. Assembly of the no- blesse in 1648, 612. Licentiousness of the no- bility in the reign of Louis XIV., iv. 3. Dis- appearance of education among the French upper classes, 293. Their approval of the views of Rousseau, 296. Their incapacity as military officers, 304. Difficulties of dealing with them in 1789, 405. Their treatment of the commons in the National Assembly, 413. Their proposals for self-spoliation, 432. See Convention; Directory; Napoleon I.; Louis XVIII.; Charles X.
Nogaret, William of, the chancellor, his solemn accusations against the Pope, i. 329. Goes on a mission to Italy. 330. Seizes the Pope
at Anagni, 331. Excommunicated by the Pope, 330, 332. His accusations against the Templars, 341, 342. His prosecution against the memory of Pope Boniface VIII, 346. Absolved by Clement V., 349. His family stripped by Philip the Long, 375 Nominalists, their controversy with the Realists,
Nonjuring priests, laws against, iv. 470, 472 Nordlingen, battles of, iii. 511, 569 Normandy, duchy of, given by Charles the Simple to the chieftain Rollo, i. 53 Normandy reconquered by Henry I. of Eng- land, i. 117. Liberties given to the towns by the dukes, 124, note. Invaded by Philip Augustus during the absence of Richard L in the East, 160. Conquered by Philip Augustus, 165. The restoration of it de- manded of St. Louis by Richard of Cora- wall, 232. Forced loans in Normandy sus- pended and discontinued by Philip the Long, 376. The duchy under Henry, eldest son of Henry I. of England, 146. Ravaged by Godfrey de Harcourt, 467. The cession of, demanded by Edward III. in direct sove- reignty, 486. The demand rejected by the French, 487. Surrender of all the towns of Normandy to Henry V. of England, ii. 129. Causes of the desire of the Normans to get rid of their English masters, 184. Governed by the Duke of Somerset, 225. The English driven out of all Normandy north of the Seine, 226. And also from the southern part, 227, 228. The government given by Louis XI. to the Count of Charolais, 254 Allowed by Louis XI. to retain its right vote its own taxes, 255. His augmentation of the taxation of the duchy, 256, note. Contribute grudgingly to the recovery of the towns north of the Somme, 263. Sepa rated from the French crown, and given to Charles, Duke of Berry, 274. The province regained by Louis XI., 277. The province decided by the Estates to be inseparabe from the crown of France, 288. The Breton driven by the Royalist out of Lower Nor- mandy, 289. The government of, given to the Duke of Alençon, 450. Unanimous declaration of Normandy in favour of the Huguenots, iii. 57. Catholic resuscitation, and its causes, 61. Power of the Duke de Longueville in, 599. Corn riots in, iv. 330 Normans, their incursions on the west coast of France, i. 45. And up the rivers of France and Germany, 46. Their pillage of Orleans and Paris, 46. First successful resistance to them on the Loire, 46. Advance of the Norman chiefs from the Scheldt and from Belgium, 49. The rich countries on the Scheldt bestowed by Charles the Fat on them, 49. Their chieftains murdered at a
conference by Charles, 49. Besiege Paris, but repulsed by Count Eudes, 50. Their entrenchment on the Dyle destroyed by the Emperor Arnulph, 51. Rollo, the Norman chief, becomes Duke of Normandy, 53. The quarrel between the Normans and Arnulph, Count of Flanders, 57. Assassination of Duke William of the Long Sword, 57. Con- sequent confusion in Normandy, 58. Wenk- ness of the Normans in war, 58. Their military expedient of calling in the aid of the Danes, 58. Duke Richard, son of the murdered William, 58. Marries a sister of Hugh Capet, 61. Peculiarity of the Norman feudal system, 73. Power of the Norman Dukes in the eleventh century, 77. Assist King Robert in his war in Burgundy, 81. Rising of the peasants against their feudal lords, 82. Their invasion of Italy and con-
Novara, battle of, ii. 438. Acquired by the King of Sardinia, iv. 206
Novi, Paul de, elected doge and leader of the Genoese, ii. 424. Put to death by the French, 424
Noyers, De, agent of Richelieu, recommended by the Cardinal to Louis XIII., iii. 541. Becomes minister, 542. Driven from office by the dying King, 542
Noyon, coronation of Hugh Capet at, i. 69. Plundering propensities of the people of, 120. Municipal privileges of, 121. A royal charter granted to, 122. Treaty of, ii. 462. The town taken by Henry IV., iii. 279. Besieged by the soldiers of the League, 291. And taken, 294 Nymphenburg, treaty of, iv. 217
quest of Beneventum and Naples, 86. The OCTONVILLE, his murder of the Duke of
dukes of Normandy the most powerful princes of Western France, 87, 112. In concert with Philip I. of France invade Flan- ders, but are beaten by the Flemings, 99 Norwich, William Alnewick, Bishop of, present
at the recantation of Jeanne d'Arc, ii. 178 Notables, assembly of, of 1617, at Rouen, iii. 417. Convocation of the, by Louis XVI., iv. 381, 382. The King's speech to it, 383. Calonne's proposals, 383. Which are re- jected by the Notables, 386. Who declare their incapability of coming to a decision, 389. Another assembly of the, in 1789, 406 Notre Dame, in Paris, cathedral of, Philip Augustus's front of the, i. 194. The Three Estates summoned for the first time in, 322. The cathedral consecrated to the Goddess of Reason, iv. 635
Notre Dame des Champs burned by the French, i. 488
None, La, Huguenot leader, taken prisoner at Moncontour, iii. 107. Recovers the as- cendancy of the Huguenots in Poitou, 109. Defeats the Catholics between St. Gemme and Fontenay, 109. His life spared by Charles IX., 151. Issues with a Huguenot army from La Rochelle, 158. His conquests in Poitou, 158. The Duke of Montpensier sent against him, 158. Endeavours of Catherine de Medicis to entrap him, 162. His attempt to take Paris, 259. Sent by the synod of Saumur to Henry IV., 337 Noujant, Jean de, appointed to the care of the finances by Charles VI., ii. 40. His golden stag, 41 Novara, the Duke of Orleans besieged in, ii. 389. Evacuated by the French, 391. Oc- Who are cupied again by the French, 406. offered battle there by Ludovico Sforza, ii. 407
Octroi, introduction of the, on all commodities entering Paris, iii. 579. Condition of the, in 1656, 637. Amount of the, in 1747, iv. 250. Suspension of the, v. 611. Abolished, 616
Odalric, Archbishop of Rheims, his war against church spoilers, i. 62
Odo, Count of Champagne, seizes Melun, i. 81. War of Foulques Nera, Count of Anjou, against, 81
Ogé, negro chief, tortured, iv. 471 Oil, holy, vial of, miraculously discovered, used for the coronation of Charles X., v. 346 Old Man of the Mountain and his Assassins, iii.
Olivier le Daim, Louis XI.'s barber, his confi- dence as to his success with the Flemings, ii. 329. His mission from Louis to Ghent, 332. Fails, and flies precipitately, 332. Tricks the people of Tournay into receiving a French garrison, 335. Sent to the scaffold,
Olivier, chancellor of Francis I., sent on a mis- sion to Spain, ii. 568. His reforms in judicial appointments, 574. His character as a ma- gistrate, 642. Dismissed by the Guises, 642. Restored by Catherine de Medicis, iii. 8. His reforms, 8. His moderation, 21. His sane- tion of the execution of Huguenots, 21. His death, 22
Olivier, Antoine, the Spanish spy, iii. 130, note Olmütz, blockaded by Frederick the Great, iv. 221. Failure of Frederick the Great against, 279. Battle of, v. 123 Olonne, Sables d', defeat of the Huguenots under Soubise at, iii. 434, 435 Olsufief, defeat of, at Champ Aubert, v. 220 Omer, St., ravaged and pillaged by Robert of Artois, i. 410. Who is defeated there, 410. Refuses to admit a French garrison from
Louis XI., ii. 331. The camp of, visited by Charles X., v. 363
Omer, St., besieged by the Flemings, i. 433. Who retire before Philip VI., 433. Ceded to Spain, iii. 667. Besieged by the French un- der the Duke of Orleans, 696
Opdam, Dutch general, routed by the French, iv. 88
Opera, an, given by Paris to the Duke of Guise, ii. 630
Oppede, Baron d', his oppressions and exactions on the Vaudois of Provence, ii. 582. Pro- ceedings of the Lady of Cental against him, 594
Oran, conquest of, by Spain, iv. 201
Orange, Prince of, fails to reach the Huguenot army, iii. 106
Orange, Prince of, precedes the French troops into the duchy of Burgundy, ii. 328. Prince's claims on Franche Compté, 328. Set aside by the French, 328. The principal of the Breton malcontents, 365. Opposes the demands of Anne of Beaujeu, 365. Defea- ted and taken prisoner at the battle of St. Aubin, 368
Orange, Prince of, elected captain of the inva- ders of Rome, ii. 499. Advances towards Naples, 502
Orange, Prince of, ordered by the Emperor to desist from his march against the Low Coun- tries, iii. 130. Assassinated, iii. 198 Orange, troubles between the Catholics and Protestants in, iii. 115
Orchies, ceded by Charles V. to the Flemings, i. 521
Ordeal by battle, establishment of trial by, i.
Ordonnance of May, 1413, issued, ii. 96. Ob- jects of the, 97
Ordonnances, promulgation of the, by the go- vernment, v. 391. Recall of the, proposed by the King, 405
Ordonneau, General, taken prisoner by the Lyonese workmen, v. 455
Orgemont, D', his conspiracy, ii. 119
Oriflamme, the, of France, hoisted by Louis VI., i. 112
Orlando, son of Charles VIII. of France, his death, ii. 392
Orleans party, and the revival of its feud with
the Duke of Burgundy, ii. 80. Advance with their troops towards Paris, 81. Con- clude their ravages in Picardy, 85. Taken at St. Cloud, and put to death, 85, 86. Their reconciliation with the court, 99 Orleans, sacked by the Normans, i. 46. verned by Robert, brother of King Eudes, 52. Unsuccessfully besieged by the Emperor Otho, 59. Burning of heretic clergy in, 86. The Church of Orleans defended by Louis the Fat against the Count of Meun, 114.
Louis VII.'s treatment of the citizens, 132. Municipal rights secured to the city by Philip Augustus, 168. Excesses of the Pastoureat in, 240. Punished and mulcted by Charles VI., ii. 32. The siege of, by the Duke of Bedford, 155. Efforts of the partisans f Charles VII. 156. Their despair after the battle of Herrings, 158. Appearance of Jeanne d'Arc, 161. Who conveys a conver into the beleaguered city, 164. Imperfect investment of the city, 165. The siege raise 166. The Estates of the north summon-i by Charles VII. to Orleans, 203. Decision in favour of peace, 203. Taken by the Huge- nots, iii. 56. Who ravage the churches there, 58. Besieged by the Duke of Guise, 72. Massacre of the Huguenots at, 148. He by the Leaguers against the King. 2. The city surrendered to Henry IV., 307. Treaty concluded with the Huguenots at, 483 The city held by the daughter of Gastos, Duke of Orleans, 618
Orleans, Edict of, iii. 37. provincial parliaments to register it, 46. The citizens fall upon the Convention's commis- sary, iv. 571
Orleans, New, how colonized, iv. 169 Orleans, Duke of, youngest son of Henry II. See Angoulême, Duke of Orleans, Gaston, Duke of. See Gaston Orleans, Duke of (son of the Regent), becomes. by the death of his father, presumptive ber to the throne, iv. 185, 189. His Jansenis 257. Favours the restoration of the judges. 343. His conduct in command of a divis of a French fleet, 357. His hatred of th Queen Marie Antoinette, 375, 392
Orleans, Philippe, Duke of, brother of Locks XIV. See Philip
Orleans, Philip (Egalité), Duke of. See Philip Orleans, Louis Philippe, Duke of. See Louis Philippe, King of the French Orleans, Duke of, son of Louis Philippe, quell- the insurrection at Lyons, v. 456. Visits the Hôtel Dieu, 462. Austrian alliance propos for, 502. Russian and Prussian matrimonia' speculations, 503. Marries a princess d Mecklenburg Strelitz, 503. Married at For- tainebleau, 511. His character, 562. death, 562, 563
Orleans, Duchess of (see Marie Amelie), e- jects to the elevation of the Duke, 407
Orleans, Duchess of (daughter-in-law of th preceding), left by Louis Philippe with children, v. 594. Determines to claim crown for her son, and repairs to Chamber Deputies, 595. Fails in her attempt, a. retires to St. Cloud, 598. Claremont offere to her and the royal family, 599 Orleans, Bastard of. See Dunois
Ormée, the Bordeaux republic so called, iii. 633 Ormesson, appointed controller-general, iv. 367. His administration, 367, 368 Ormond, Duke of, succeeds Marlborough in Flanders, iv. 109. Ordered to abandon Hol- land and Prince Eugène, 113. Ordered to declare neutrality, 114. Takes Ghent and Bruges, 115. Sails with the Pretender to Scotland, 145
Ornano, Marshal, attends the Council for ar- ranging the murder of Henry of Guise, iii. 229. Sent to arrest the Duke of Mayenne, 234. Becomes the favourite of Gaston, bro- ther of Louis XIII., 464. Arrested, 465. Expires in prison, 466
Ott, General, encounters Lannes and is de- feated, v. 84, 85
Otto, M., and Mr. Addington, v. 107 Oudenarde, besieged by Philip von Arteveld, ii. 25. The siege raised, 27. Siege of, by the Prince of Orange, iii. 690. Bombarded by Louis XIV., iv. 26. Battle of, 100 Oudinot, Marshal, defeated by Bernadotte, v. 210, 211. Advances upon Rome, 640. De- feated by Garibaldi, he retreats to Civita Vecchia, 640. Concludes an unsatisfactory armistice, 640. Receiving reinforcements again marches and occupies the heights of Rome, 640
Oulen, Archbishop, celebrates a Te Deum, v. 390. His prognostication, 391
Orry, prime minister, superseded, iv. 243. Ouvrard, the capitalist, seizure of his property,
His financial administration, 249.
Orsini, faction of the, in Rome, ii. 417 Orsini, Princess, her influence in Madrid, iv. 145 Orthes, Vicomte d', refuses to murder the Hu- guenots at Bayonne, iii. 149 Orvilliers, Admiral d', commands the French Channel fleet, iv. 356 Ostend, fortified by the Protestants, iii. 366.
v. 147. Used by Fouché to negotiate peace with Fox, 171. Offers to feed the French army, 327, 328. Neglected by Villèle, and sent to prison, 346
Oxenstiern, Swedish chancellor, effects of his energy and talents, iii. 510. His offers to France, 511
Aided by the English under Sir F. Vere, DACHE, the mayor, presents petition for
366. Captured by Louis XV., iv. 233. Eva- cuated by the French, 288. The Ostend Company abandoned, 199
Oswego, attacked by Moncalm, iv. 264 Otaheite, island of, taken possession of by Ad- miral Thouars, v. 556
Otho I., Emperor of Germany, his supremacy over Eastern and Belgian France favoured by Hugh, Duke of France, i. 56. His con- quest of Lorraine, 57. His invasion of France, 59. His failure there, 59, 60. Calls a council to excommunicate Duke Hugh, 60. His death, 63
Otho, son of Hugh the Great, Duke of France, becomes Duke of Burgundy, i. 61. death, 61
Otho, son of Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony, created by Richard I. of England Duke of Aquitaine and Poitou, 162. Named for the empire, and supported by the Pope, 162 Otho, Duke of Brunswick, declines the challenge
of Henry of Lancaster to single combat, i. 449 Otho II., Emperor of Germany, at Aix, i. 64. Attempt of Lothaire, Count of Laon, to sur- prise him there, 64, 65. His march to Paris, 65. Holds a meeting with Lothaire, 65. And with Hugh Capet, 66. His death, 66 Otho III., Emperor of Germany, endeavours of Henry of Bavaria to set him aside, i. 66 Otho IV., Emperor of Germany, dethroned by Pope Innocent III., i. 187. His rival, Fre- derick II., 188. Defeated by Philip Augustus at the battle of Bovines, 189, 190 Otranto, captured by the Turks, ii. 379 VOL. V.
proscribing the Girondists, iv. 577. Ad- vises the Convention, 581. Excuses himself to the Convention, 584
Pacific Islands, taken by the French, v. 556 Paderborn, baptism of the Saxons at, i. 27 Padua submits to the French, ii. 429. But. defended subsequently, 430
Paine, Tom, propounds the trial of Louis XVI. as a public robber, iv. 547. Expostulates with Convention in behalf of the King, 554 Marat's question as to a republic, 592 Palais Royal, death of Cardinal Richelieu at the, iii. 541. Alterations of the Duke of Orleans in the, iv. 396. Politicians congre- gated in the, 420. Harangue of Camille Desmoulins at, 422. Thundering of the Palais Royal against the veto, 434.
Palatinate, proposals to relieve it, iii. 451, 452. Occupied by a Spanish force, 453. The Lower restored to the Elector, 576. Ravaged by the French, 688. A portion claimed by Louis XIV., iv. 26. Devastated by Louis XIV., 35. The Upper Palatinate given to the Elector of Bavaria, 119. The Elector's reception of the Duke of Anjou, 163 Palermo, massacre of the French in, i. 287 Palestine, feuds between the Christians and
between the Mohammedans, i. 227. Mania of children to set off to Palestine, 289. Desire of Pope Gregory X. to free, 284 Palisse, La, wounded at Genoa, ii. 424. In command of the French army in Italy, 436. Retires to Piedmont, 437. Crosses the Alps into Italy, 453. His death at Pavia, 484
Pallavicini, execution of, ii. 473 Palli, Count Lucchesi, marries Duchess of Berry, v. 478 Palmerston, Lord, and the Quadruple Alliance, v. 490. Proposes that the French should pursue Don Carlos, 500. Complains of the French protective duties, 520. Quarrels with the French Government on the Eastern Question, 521. Grants the request for the transfer of Napoleon's remains to France, 522, 536. Objects to the position of Mehe- met Ali in Syria, 530. Sends a fleet to the Bosphorus, 530. Arranges with Marshal Soult the boundaries of Turkey and Egypt, 530, 531. Discussion as to the Turkish fleet, 531. Proposes terms of alliance with France, 531, et seq. Discusses with Guizot the Eastern question, 533. His clever negotiations, 534. Signs the treaty of the Dardanelles, 546. Objects to French pos- session of Algeria, 559. His opinion as to the Spanish marriage and French influence, 566. Proposes Don Enrique as husband for Queen Isabella, 569. Deprecates retrograde policy of France in Switzerland, 570. His Italian policy, 570
Pamiers, De Saisset, Bishop of, his dispute with the Count de Foix, i. 318. Appointed legate to the French court, 318. Insults Philip the Fair, 318. Arrested and prose- cuted by the Crown, 319. His part taken by the Pope, 320. Released, 321. His mission disapproved by the prelates, 324 Pampeluna relieved by Sir Thomas Trivet, i. 546. Taken by Lesparre, ii. 470 Pandours, their ravages in Bavaria, iv. 219 Paoli, Pascal, heads the liberated Corsicans, iv. 317. Defeated by the French, 318. Parc aux Cerfs, Louis XV.'s seraglio in the, iv. 262, 297
Paré, Amboise, amputates Coligny's finger, iii. 135. His life spared by Charles IX., 151 Parien, M., minister of public instruction, v. 646 Paris, the city threatened by the Normans, who are bought off by Charles the Bald, i. 46. Subsequently pillaged by them, 46. Great siege by the Normans, who are repulsed by Count Eudes, 50. Governed by Robert, brother of King Eudes, 52. The city at the end of the tenth century, 65. Attempt of the Emperor Otho II. on, 65. Guilds of corporations in the middle ages, 84. Im- portance of Paris as a centre in the eleventh century, 71. Arrangements for governing the city during the absence of Philip Au- gustus in the East, 157, 158. Its municipal rights secured by Philip Augustus, 168. Improvements of this King, 194. Excesses of the Pastoureaux, 240. Arrangements of St. Louis for the magistracy and police, 268. Ferocious quarrel between the English and
Picard students in the University, 298. Se dition on account of the adulteration of the coin, 338. The ringleaders hanged, 338. Wealth of the citizens in the reign of Philip the Fair, 361. Reputation and authority of its University, 361. Number of men-at- arms kept up by the city in the time of Charles the Fair, 381. Duty levied by the city on all sales and purchases in the markets, 418. The suburbs devastated by the Black Prince, 424. Ravages of the plague of 1348, 439. Provisions for the safety of the city after the battle of Poitiers, 465. Establishment of a civic force by the Estates, 465. Democratic tendencies of the citizens, 475. The city commanded by the Regent with 700 lances, 479. Revolution in his favour, 481. Privileges granted by Charles V., 517. Knollis and the English before the city, 526. Reception of Charles VI. by the Parisians, ii. 8. Their turbu lence, 8. Sack of the Jews' quarter, 9. Im- provements of the Prevost Aubriot, 15. Insurrection of the Maillotins, 23. Who refuse to pay heavy taxes, 23, 24. Com- promise with the court, 24. Rebellion during the absence of the King in Flanders. 29. Proposal of the rebels to raise all the fortresses near Paris, 29. Subjection of the citizens, 30. Who are punished, and mulcted of immense sums, 30, 31. Solem entry of the Duke of Burgundy after the murder of his cousin, 58. Withdrawal of the court on the news of the battle of Has- bain, 63. Privileges granted by the Duke of Burgundy, 79. Repugnance of the citizen to him, 80. The environs ravaged by the Orleanists, 83. Resolutions excited in Paris 83.
Cruelties of the ascendant butchers Quarrels of the lower orders with the 1 Duke of Orleans, 89. The people besiege the provost Des Essarts in the Bastille, And demand entrance into the palace, 94. Into which they force themselves, insult the Dauphin and carry off the ladies of the court to prison, 94-96. Struggle betwe the Cabochiens and the Armagnacs for the mastery of the city, 100. Triumph of the latter, 101, 102. Answer of the Duke of Berry to the citizens, 108. Tyranny of the Constable Armagnac, 119, 121. Who is the attempts of the Duke of Burgundy enter the city, 122. The city to the Burgundians, 124. Who Constable Armagnac and his party, 194 Ferocity of the people, 125. Attack on t prisons, 125. Murder of the Genoese met cenaries, 125. Entry of the Duke of B gundy and the Queen into the city, 12 The riots of the populace put down by the Duke, 126. The pestilence of 1418, 12
« AnteriorContinuar » |