Gerson to monks of all orders, 73. Their controversy with the Humanists, 512. Mons taken by the partisans of Louis of Nas- sau, iii. 129. Menaced by the Duke of Alva, 129. The partisan Genlis sent to support it, 129. Captured by the French, 41. Ceded to Holland, 116. Reduced by the French, 234 Mons, battle of, iii. 702
Mons en Puelle, defeat of the Flemings by the French at, i. 334 Monsieur, peace of, iii. 173
Montagnards and Girondists, their struggle at Lyons, iv. 565
Montague. Earl of, seized by Richelieu and thrown into the Bastille, iii. 473 Montague escapes from court, iii. 158 Montagu, his power and gains under Charles VI., ii. 77. Arrested by order of the Duke of Burgundy, and executed, 78, 79. His body taken down from the gibbet, 89 Montagu, Cardinal, Bishop of Laon, proposes that Charles VI. should take the government into his own hands, ii. 40. Appointed to the care of the finances, 40
Montaigue, Michel de, present at the Estates of Blois, iii. 227. His aversion for the license of the Huguenots, 227
Montalembert, Count, minister of instruction, v. 441. Advocates a compromise with the president, 657
Montalivet, Count, becomes home minister, v. 424-449. Arrests the Carlists, 472. Commis- sioned by the Queen to advise Louis Philippe,
Montargis captured by the English, ii. 186. Repulse of the Germans at, iii. 213 Montauban, Madame de, cousin to the Queen of Charles VI., arrested by the Parisians, ii. 96
Montauban, Admiral, favourite of Louis XI., his severity and rapacity, ii. 254 Montauban, Chancellor of Brittany, supports the cause of the Duchess Anne, ii. 370 Montauban, demolition of the fortifications of, iii. 88. Conflicts between the Catholics and Protestants at, 47. Rising of the Huguenots in, 151. Besieged by Louis XIII., 431. Which he is compelled to raise, 432. Depar- ture of the inhabitants, 432. Foucault's atrocities to the Protestants of, iv. 17 Montbazon, Madame de, iii. 561. Her quar- rel with the party of Condé, 561. Exiled by the Queen, 561
Montbeliard, county of, awarded by the parle-
ment of Besançon to Louis XIV., iv. 23 Montbrun, his success in Dauphiné, iii. 29 Montcalm, Marquis de, governor of Quebec, his successes over the English, iv. 264. His imaginary line of the Ohio, 273. His death on the Heights of Abraham, 274 Montdidier ceded to Philip III. of Burgundy,
ii. 192. Secured by the Burgundians, 275. Occupied by Duke Charles of Burgundy, 301. Taken by the English under the Duke of Suffolk, 479
Montebello, Battle of, v. 84, 85 Montebello, Duc de, his intrigues at Berne, v.
Montecuculli, threatens the French on the Rhine, iii. 684. Takes Bonn, 686 Montefeltro, castle of, besieged and taken, i. 286 Montemarciano, Duke of, joins the Duke of
Mayenne with papal troops, iii. 279 Montenotte, battle of, v. 18 Montereau, murder of the Duke of Burgundy on the bridge of, ii. 133. The Dauphia. afterwards Louis XI., at the assault of, 205. Battle of, v. 221
Montespan, Madame de, mistress of Louis XIV. iii. 668. Got rid of by Louis XIV., 41 Montesquieu, of the Duke of Anjou's guar shoots Condé, iii. 103
Montesquieu, Charles de, his works, and the inquiries and discussions to which they gave rise, iv. 210. His exposure of the French government of the eighteenth century, 293 Montfort acquired by Louis, Duke of Brittany, ii. 275
Montfort, Amaury de, raises the siege of To- louse, on the death of his father, i. 186. Offers his rights in Languedoc to Philip Au- gustus, 186, 191. Which is declined by the King, 186, 191. Bequest of Philip Augas- tus to, 194. Difficulty with which he hell his ground, 196. Relieves Carcassonne, 197 Resigns his claims to Toulouse to Louis VIII 197. Promised the office of constable, 1 Which is given to him, 199. Goes to t Holy Land, 219. Taken prisoner in Syr 219. Ransomed by Richard of Cornwa
Montfort, John de, Duke of Brittany, invasi of his duchy by the French, i. 533. Loses Brittany, and flies to England, 546. D- clared to have forfeited his duchy, 546. K- turns to his duchy, 547. Acknowledges tür suzerainty of Charles VI., ii. 10. Protect by the Count of Flanders, 15. Seizes at imprisons the Constable de Clisson, " Who is released, on payment of a he fine, 38. Refuses to give up the furt assassin, Craon, 42. An army led towar Brittany by Charles VI., who is attacked insanity on the road, 43. War levie! the Constable Clisson upon the duke, 44 Montfort, Philip de, becomes Count of Castr
Montfort, Philip de, Earl of Leicester, abse
himself from the meeting at Amiens, i. 252. | Killed at the battle of Evesham, 253. Mur- der of Henry Plantagenet by his two sons,
Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester, joins a crusade against the Albigenses, i. 176. Ob- tains the viscounty of Beziers, 179. His character, 180. Has charge of the betrayed Viscount of Beziers, who dies in prison, 180. Establishes himself in Beziers and the Li- mousin, 180. Becomes master of the castle of Toulouse, 180. Besieges and captures Lavaur, 181. Repulsed before Toulouse, 181. Defeats Peter II. of Aragon at the battle of Muret, 183. Becomes sovereign of the south of France, 183. His sovereignty confirmed by the Fourth Council of Lateran, 184. The standard of war raised by the deposed count and his son, 185. Obtains
a hundred knights from Philip Augustus, 185. Driven out from Toulouse, which he blockades during the winter, 185. His brother and nephew killed before the city, 185. His assault on the city, 186. His death there, 186. His fitness for the work he undertook, 203 Montfort, Simon de, Earl of Leicester, joins St. Louis in the Fifth Crusade, i. 232 Montgomery, captain of the guard to Henry II., carries the Protestant judges to the Bas- tille, ii. 647. Accidentally kills the King, 647, 648. Escapes from the St. Bartholomew mas- sacre, iii. 144. Opens communications from England with La Rochelle, 151. Appears be- fore the town with a fleet from England, 153. Lands on the coast of Normandy, and reduces the Cotentin, 158. The Maréchal Matignon sent against him, 158. Taken prisoner in Domfront, 159. Sent to the scaffold, 162 Montjoye, tower of, burned by the English, i. 424
Montlheri, fortress of, reduced by Louis the Fat, i. 115. Destroyed by the King, 115. Besieged by the most ferocious of the mob of Paris, ii. 126. The village occupied by Louis XI., 270. The battle of, 270 Montlosier, M., denounces the Jesuits, v. 348, 353
Montlue, his opinion of the Turks as soldiers, ii. 558, note. His interview with Francis I., 559. Sent by Catherine de Medicis to Guyenne, iii. 48. Succeeds in restoring order in Guyenne, 65. His atrocities, 66. Takes Agen, and threatens Montauban, 68 Montlucon, captured by Louis XII., ii. 269 Montmeillan taken by Sully, iii. 349. stored to Savoy, iv. 59
Montmirail, battle of, v. 220
Montmorency occupied by John, Duke of Bur- gundy, ii. 122
Montmorency, Duke of, created constable by Henry IV., iii. 309. Enters Lyons for Henry IV., 314. Defeats the forces of Savoy at Veillane, 491. Made a marshal, 500. His power in Languedoc, 506. His revolt against the authority of Richelieu, 506, 507. Defeated at Castelnaudary, 509. Executed, 510
Montmorency Boutteville, executed for duel- ling, iii. 471
Montmorency, Matthew, Constable of France, i. 197
Montmorency, Grand-master, sides with the party of Louise of Savoy, ii. 517 Montmorency, Constable, in reign of Francis I., his influence with the King lessened by the Cardinals of Grammont and Tournon, ii. 528. Placed in command of an army to oppose the Emperor in Provence, 539. Created constable, 544. Disgraced by Francis I., 549. His influence over Henry II., 593. His negotiations with the Em- peror and his sister, 599. His punishment of the insurgents of Bordeaux, 601. Forces his way into Metz, 609. His contempt for civic pretensions and municipal rights, 610. Puts his son in command of Therouanne, 614. Which he loses, and is captured, 614. At the conference of La Marcq, 616. Refuses consent to the Imperialist propositions, 617. Negotiations for his liberation, 632, 633. Defeated at the battle of St. Quentin, 625. Taken prisoner there, and wounded, 626. His hatred of learning and letters, iii. 6. Com- pelled to retire from court, and cede the grand mastership to Guise, 7. Attends the meet- ing at Fontainebleau, 27. Assumes authority on the accession of Charles IX., 33. League between him, St. André, and Guise, 40. Taken prisoner at Dreux, 71. Where his son is killed, 71. Liberated by the treaty of Amboise, 75. Retires in dudgeon from court, 84. Commands an army to oppose Condé at St. Denis, 95. Where he is slain, 96. Keeps aloof from court, 360. His luke- warmness in the cause of Queen Marie de Medicis, 422
Montmorency, Marshal, son of the Constable, taken prisoner at Therouanne, ii. 614. Ap- pointed marshal by Francis II., iii. 7. Dis- bands the Paris militia, 88. Disperses the guard of the Cardinal of Lorraine, 89, 91. At the battle of St. Denis, 96. Sent to curb the excesses of the Catholics in Rouen, 115. His ascendancy at court, 116. Disperses a Paris mob, and removes the cross of Gas- tines, 120. Withdraws to Chantilly, 133. His enmity to Catherine de Medicis, after the St. Bartholomew massacre, 156. Favours
the designs of the King of Navarre and Alençon, 156. Arrested, 158. Kept in prison by Catherine de Medicis, 162. Libe- rated, in order to further the peace with the Huguenots, 170. Joins the King of Navarre in his answer to the Edict of Reunion, 205. Defeats the Huguenot fleet under Soubise, 458 Montmorency, Monberon, killed at Dreux, iii. 71 Montmorency, Eleanor de, married to the Prince of Condé, iii. 11
Montmorency, M. de, chevalier d'honneur to the Duchess d'Angoulême, v. 320. Sent to Congress at Vienna, 321. Created duke,
Montmorency, M. de, minister of foreign affairs,
Montmorillon, taken by Bertrand du Guesclin, i. 529
Montmorin, Count de, appointed to the foreign office, iv. 387. Proposes the recall of Necker, 387. Resigns his office, 473. His death,
Montpellier places itself under the sovereignty of France, i. 183. Depopulated by the plague, 439. Given by treaty to the King of Navarre, 508. Its rebellion against the Duke of Anjou, 548. Who cruelly punishes them, 549. The bishop killed by the Hu- guenots, iii. 48. Huguenot proclamation is- sued from, 167. Besieged by Marshal Dam- ville, 187. Given up to the Huguenots, 188. Besieged by Louis XIII., 436. Surrenders on conditions, 437. Destruction of Protes- tantism in, iv. 15 Montpensier, Duke de, his treatment of the Huguenots of Tours, iii. 64. At the battle of Moncontour, 106. Protests against the removal of the cross of Gastines, 120. Unable to induce the Bretons to murder the Huguenots, 149. Sent against La Noue, 158. Opposes war against the Huguenots, 183. Routs Brissac and the peasants in Normandy, 246. Recognises Henry IV. as king, 254. Generosity of Henry IV. to the duchess, 311 Makes proposals to Henry IV. on behalf of the nobility, 325. See Catherine de Medicis; Charles X.; Henry IV.
Montpensier, Duc de, intrigues relative to his marriage with Queen Isabella, v. 563, et seq. And with Isabella's sister, 567. Presses his father to abdicate, 594
Montpensier, Gilbert de, appointed by Charles VIII. viceroy of Naples, ii, 387. Marches out to meet Ferdinand II., 391. And is shut up in the castle by the citizens, 391. Capitu- lates, 391 Montpezat, Lord of, deprived by the French of his castle of St. Serdos, i. 380. Which he retakes and destroys, 380 Montpouillant, son of the Duc de la Force, his death, iii. 435
Montreal, surrender of the French at, iv. 275 Montreuil ceded to Philip III. of Burgundy, ii. 192. Who takes it from the English, 193. Recovered by France, 264. Besieged by the English, 562
Montrevel, his endeavours to put down the Huguenots in the Cevennes, iv. 87 Montserrat, affair of, iii. 480. Attacked by Spain and Savoy, 491
Moors of Valencia depart for Africa, iii. 396 Moore, Sir John, with an English army pen- trates Spain, v. 157. Pursued by Napoleon, he encounters Soult at Corunna, 157. His death, 158
Morals, French, of the reign of Louis XIV, iv. 4
Morat, the Swiss besieged by the Burgundians in, ii. 321. Destruction of the Burgundies army at, 322
Moravia invaded by the Prussians under Schwe rin, iv. 220. Becomes the seat of war, 279 Morbihan, Company of, formed by Richelieu, iii. 468
Moreau, appointed commissioner for extirpating heresy from Lorraine, iii. 16
Moreau, General, defeated by Archduke Charles v. 24. Defeated by Kray, 58. Defeated by Suwarrow at Novi, 64. Commands the army in Alsace, 83. Defeats Kray, 83, 88. Defea's Archduke John at Hohenlinden, 89. Arriv at Vienna, and agrees to a suspension of hos tilities, 90. His complicity in George Ca- doudal's plot, 114. Arrested, 114. Pardore ! and exiled, 116. His death, 209
Moret, Count of, a son of Henry IV., compe". to leave France, iii. 502
Morey, harness maker, implicated in the Fies plot, v. 495, et seq.
Morny, M. de, his conversation with Lo Philippe on reform, v. 578, 581. Suggests compromise between coalition and the polies on the subject of the Banquets, 583. His endeavours to preserve the public peace, 55i Becomes chief confidant of Louis Napoles 660. Remarkable observation about t coup d'état, 660. Surrounds the assenty with a body of police, 663
Morocco, war with, v. 559, et seq. Morosini, papal nuncio, endeavours to effect a reconciliation between Henry III. and th Duke of Mayenne, iii. 238 Mortaigne, town of, recovered by the Fre crown, ii. 264
Mortara occupied by the French, ii. 406 Mortemart, Duke de, warns the King, v. 3
Appointed prime minister, 406. Propes his counter-ordonnances to the munici commission, 409. His hopes defeated precipitancy of the Royalists, 410. Advs. Duke of Orleans temporarily to be lieutena general, 411
lor to Louis XI., ii. 253. His embassy to the Duke of Burgundy, 267
Moscow entered by the French, v. 188.
Burn- ing of, 188. French retreat from, 190 Moulins, Edict of, iii. 89
Mounier, his speech at the estates of Dauphiny, iv. 401. Abets Necker's idea of a constitu- tional government, 405. His attempts to coalesce with Barnave, 433
Mountain, the, denounce the temporising of the
Gironde, iv. 504. Denounce the Gironde, 537. Defend their conduct as to the dictator- ship, 539, et seq. Propose trial and death of Louis XVI., 546, 547, et seq. Their struggle with the Girondists at Lyons, 565. Propose a revolutionary tribunal, 566, et seq. Demand the expulsion of the Girondists, 566. Propose to march on the Convention, and kill the Girondists, 567. Destroy the Gironde press, 568. Establish Comité de Salut public, 570. Leaders of, disappointed at not being elected to this committee con- cert measures against the Gironde, 573. Vote the arrest of the Orleanists, 574. Their violeut proceedings, 580, et seq. Insurrection of the 31st May, 584. Move the arrest of twenty-two Girondists, 585. Their proceedings against the Convention, 585-589. Forming now the dominant party in the Convention their reign of terror commences, 590, et seq. Defeat Girondist army at Evreux, 594. Their in- surrection at Lyons, 596. Siege and capture of Lyons, 599. Establish reign of terror at Lyons, 598. Insurrection in La Vendée, 590. Battle of Les Aubiers, and capture of Thouars, Fontenay, and Saumur, 599. Siege of Nantes, 600. Depose and execute their generals, 601. Supersede Kleber in La Ven- dée, 602. Kleber crushes the Vendean in- surrection, 602. Their disasters in Germany, 603. Their weakness and inability to resist Continental powers, 604. Execution of Marie Antoinette, 604, 610, 613, 614. Their New Constitution, 606, et seq. Assassination of Marat, 608. Renewal of the Committee of Public Safety, 609. Robespierre and his proceedings, 609, et seq. Renewal of hosti- lities in Germany, 615, et seq. Successes under Carnot, 616, 617. Trial and execution of the Girondists, 618, et seq. Surrender of
Toulon, 623. Toulon recaptured by Carnot and Napoleon, 624. Summary of their pro- ceedings, 626, et seq. Dissensions among them, 626, et seq. Their measures for sup- pression of religion and religious worship, 633, et seq. Their conduct disapproved by Robespierre, 633-635. The Lanterne party denounced by Desmoulins, 637. Execution of the Hebertists, 640. Trial and execution of the Dantonists, 642-644. St. Just's de- cree for proscribing the nobles and strangers, 646. Fête of the Supreme Being inaugu- rated, 647, 648. Reorganise the revolution- ary tribunal, 649. Sanguinary measures adopted against Robespierre and his party, 649, et seq. Reign of Terror ceases with Robespierre's execution, 659. Its measures are adroitly neutralised by Tallien, for the restoration of civil liberty, 662. Proceedings of the Jeunesse dorée, 665, et seq. Struggles with the Moderates and Tallien, 667. Bread riots, 668. Arrest and exile of their leaders, 668-671. Temporary revival of their party, which is however defeated by Legendre and Tallien, 678. Surviving members of, arrested and executed, 678-681. Banished from the Assembly, 678, et seq. See Convention; Di-
rectory; Napoleon I. and III.; Louis XVIII.; Charles X.; Louis Philippe; Provisional Government
Mouvans, De, his success in Provence, iii. 29. Flees to Piedmont, 47. Retreats from Sis- teron to the Waldensian valleys, 65. De- feated by the Duke of Nemours, 101 Mouzon, captured by the Imperialists, ii. 472 Movement party in France, its principles and mode of operation, v. 428
Moyenvic, fortress of, captured by Louis XIII., iii. 505
Muhlberg, battle of, ii. 597 Mulhausen, exploit of Turenne at, iii. 691 Munich, threatened by Marlborough, iv. 89. Ravaged by the Croats and Pandours, 219. Occupied by the Austrians, 228 Municipal Commission, formation of the, its acts and sittings, v. 403, et seq. Municipial institutions. See Towns Murat, Prince, occupies Madrid, v. 153. Forces the Spaniards to insurrection, 154. Made King of Naples, 172. Left in charge of the Grand Army, 195. Captures 15,000 Aus- trians at Dresden, 209. Joins Napoleon,
Murder, callous indifference in the fifteenth century to the crime of, ii. 56. This indif- ference originates in Italy, 57. Treatise of Jean Petit on the right and justice of, 58 Muret, battle of, i. 183
Musciato, the Florentine banker, aids Philip the Fair against the Pope, i. 330. And against the Flemings, 333
Mutualists, of Lyons, formation of the society
of, and its prosecution, v. 483 Muyden, occupied by the French, iii. 679
NAARDEN, captured by the French, iii. 679.
But retaken by the Dutch, 686 Namur, besieged and taken by the French, iv. 43. Captured by William III. of England, 48. Ceded temporarily to the Duke of Ba- varia, 117. Reduced by the French, 234,
Nancy, reduced by Charles the Rash, ii. 317. Re-occupied by Duke René II., 323. Who is compelled by Charles of Burgundy to evacuate it, 323. Occupied by the French, iii. 676. Military mutiny at, put down, iv. 454 Nanterre, burned by the English, i. 424 Nantes, taken by the Normans and Bretons, i. 46. Besieged by the French, 534. Terms of its proposed surrender, 535. The duchy of, gives itself to Geoffrey Plantagenet, 143. At whose death it is appropriated by Henry III. of England, 143. Declares for John de Montfort, 411. Besieged by Charles of Blois, 412. The town and the duke betrayed by the citizens, 413. Endeavours of Charles V. to induce it to submit to him, 547. Un- successfully besieged by the Earl of Buck- ingham, ii. 10. Menaced by the forces of Louis XI., 290. Besieged by La Tremouille and the Royalists, 367. But the siege raised, 367. The fortress surrendered to the French by the Count d'Albret, 371. The siege of, iv. 600. Atrocities of Carrier at, 623. See Convention. Nantes, Edict of, published, iii. 339. Its chief provisions, 340, 341. Its unsatisfactory nature, 342. Resistance to it, 347. Re- established by the treaty of Orleans, 483. Confirmed by Louis XIV., iv. 6. The mixed courts established by the, abrogated, 11, 12. Revoked by Louis XIV., 18
Nantouillet, Marquis of, killed, iii. 624 Naples, foundation of the Norman power in, i. 86. Policy of Charles of Anjou in, 285. Claims of Charles of Durazzo, and of Louis, Duke of Anjou, to the throne of, ii. 6, 24. The kingdom invaded and taken by Charles, 24. Claims of Charles VIII. of France to the throne of Naples, 380. His march into Italy, 381. Entry of Charles into, 385, 387. Irritation of the people against their con- querors, 386. Leaves De Montpensier viceroy, 387. Treaty between France and Spain for the partition of, 410. Entry of a French army into, 411. Which is accordingly par- titioned, 412. Quarrels between the French and Spaniards in, 413. The French driven out by the Spaniards, 413-415. Failure of Vaudemont's attempt on, 496. Besieged by
the French under Lautrec, 502, 503. Who is obliged to raise the siege, 504. Promised by the Pope to the second son of Francis I.. 526. Insurrection in, against Peter of Toledo, 598. The coast ravaged by the Turks, 632. Insurrection of Massaniello, iii. 574. The kingdom conquered by Don Carlos, iv. 205, Kept neutral by a British fleet, 228. Pulley of the Bourbons at, v. 308. Revolution at, 308. The outburst of war at, 54. General Mack takes command of its army, 54. De- feated by Championnet, 54. Murat, King of, 172. See Directory; Napoleon I.
Naples, Bay of, defeat of the French fleet by Loria, in the, i. 300
Napoleon I., Emperor of the French, his birth. iv. 318. His remark on the insurrection (f 9th August, 518. Drives the English out Toulon, 624. Commands the troops of the Convention on the 11th Vendemiaire, 657. Appointed second in command to Barras 687. Defeats the royalist insurgents at saves the Convention, 688. Appointed general-in-chief, 689. Recommends invasion of Piedmont, v. 16. Blames Scherer for int following up his successes, 17. Appointed to the command of army against Piedmont, 17. Defeats the Austrians and Piedmontese at Montenotte, Dego, and Millesimo, 18. Concludes an armistice at Cherasco, 19. Gains battle of Lodi, 20. Enters Milan. and levies tribute on the Duke of Parma, 21. Offended at appointment of General Keller- man, and offers to resign, 20. Visits Lec- horn, but fails to surprise the English, 2 Enters Venetia, and threatens its gover ment, 20, 21. Informs Directory of E unfortunate position, 21. Abandons sieg of Mantua, 21. Repels diversion of Qu danowitsch, 22. Defeats Wurmser at Loran, 22. Wins battle of Castiglione, 22. I- feats Wurmser at Roveredo, 23. Repulse at Caldiero, 25. Repulsed at Arcola, 20 Leading the attack in person, he at lengt wins the battle of Arcola, 25, 26. Gains battle of Rivoli, 26, 27. Defeats Wurrise and Provera at Mantua, 27. Mantua s renders, 27. Averse to propositions t peace, 28. Revolutionary principles of, * Defeats Archduke Charles at Tagliament 30. Encounters him again at Newmark ar Huzmark, and agrees to a suspension arms, 31. Signs preliminaries of Leche 31. Invades the Roman territory and rives at Rome, 32. His policy at Ro agrees with that of the Constitutionalists and yet sends Roman spoils to Paris. * Treaty of Tolentino, 32. Denounces Conventionalists, 33. Designates the se of the Directory one of lead,' 33. fuses to sacrifice the Pope to Le Réveiber
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