Malatestas, the, seize Rimini, ii. 499

Malesherbes, C. W. de L. de, exiled, iv. 326.
Appointed to be minister of Paris, 347. His
proposed reform in lettres de cachet, 348, 353.
Supports Turgot in his views as to the quarrel
between England and her American colonies,
353. Resigns, 353. Offers to defend Louis
XVI., 550. His affecting interview with the
fallen monarch, 551. Execution of, with his
family, 646

Malet, conspiracy of, v. 196. Arrested, and
shot, 196

Maligny, undertakes to master Lyons, iii. 29.
Defeated by Saligny, 29

Malines, claims of the people of, at the acces-
sion of Charles the Rash, ii. 284
Malleville, M., home minister, v. 637
Mallum of the people under the Merovingians
and under the Carlovingians, i. 30
Malmesbury, Lord, negotiates with Delacroix,
v. 27. His second embassy of Peace, and
ignominious dismissal by the Directory, 39
Malo, St., destruction of shipping at, by the
English, iv. 273

Malo, a major of dragoons, charges and dis-
perses Jacobin conspirators, v. 13
Maloes, St., besieged by Henry of Lancaster, i.

545

Malo-Zaroslavetz, battle of, v. 191
Malplaquet, battle of, iv. 103

Malta, sea-fight between the Angevins and
Aragonese at, i. 292. Presented by Buona-
parte to the Czar Paul, v. 90

Maltôte, the, i. 311. That of Philip the Fair,

311

Mamelukes, the Bahairiz slaves the original of
the, i. 235. Defeat of, at the Pyramids and
Monthabor, v. 48, 49

Mancini, nephew of Cardinal Mazarin, killed,
iii. 624

Mancini, Marie, niece of Mazarin, Louis XIV.
enamoured of her, iii. 642

Mandar, General, commands at the Tuileries
on the 8th of August, iv. 509. His measures
of defence, 509, 510. Reproaches Pétion,
510. Questioned by the municipality, 511.
Shot by the insurgents, 511

Manège, Old, used as house of assembly for
the Five Hundred, v. 5

Manfred, King of Sicily and Naples, i. 254.
His kingdom offered by the Pope to an Eng-
lish prince, to St. Louis, and to Charles of
Anjou, 254. Who accepts it, 255. Manfred
defeated by Charles, and killed at the battle
of Grandella, 258. His daughter married to
Peter III., King of Aragon, 285

Xilla, city and treasure of, taken by the Eng-
the iv. 285

insisted ravages of Louis XIV. at, iv. 36

sand, i. 400. Conducts a fleet to the relief
of Hennebout, 414. And puts the besiegers
to the rout, 415. Completely destroys the
army and fleet of Louis of Spain, 415. Assists
in routing the French at Auberoche, 420.
Defends Aiguillon against the Duke of Nor-
mandy and 10,000 men, 422. At the siege
of Calais, 435, 436. His appeal for the six
citizens, 436

Mans, Le, besieged and taken by Dunois from
the English, ii. 225

Mansfield, Count of, joins the Duke of Mayenne
before Noyon, iii. 291. Which is taken, 294.
Withdraws to Belgium, 294. Again in France
with the Duke of Mayenne, 312. Arrange-
ments of Cardinal Richelieu with him, 448.
Richelieu backs out of his engagements,
452

Mansfelt, Colonel, intrigues for the release of
Louis XVI., iv. 543
Mansourah, battle of, i. 235
Mantes, recovered by stratagem by Boucicaut,
i. 505. Council summoned by Henry IV. at,
iii. 277. Council of divines summoned by
Henry IV. to, 295

Mantua, siege of, abandoned, v. 21. Battles
before, 21-26. Surrenders, 27

Manuel, the Feuillants issue writs against, iv.
501. Execution of, iv. 636

Bx-

Manuel, implicated in the conspiracy at Béfort,
v. 315. Opposes policy of government, 324.
Denounced by La Bourdonnaye, 325.
pelled from the chamber, 325. His death,
363. Orations at his funeral, 363
Manzera, Marquis of, his advice as to the
Spanish succession, iv. 78

Marat, Jean Paul, advocates quietness of the
people, iv. 421. His proposal to bring the
King and Dauphin to Paris, 434. Summons
the people to arms, 436. Denounces con-
servative measures, 442. His journal sup-
pressed, 451. Withdraws to England, 451.
Member of the Legislative Assembly, 468.
His violent conduct in the assembly, 519.
Counteracts their humane measures, 519,
520. Guides the communes, 521. Proposes
a revolutionary tribunal, 521. Launches a
bill of arrest against Roland, 523. Super-
intends massacre of priests and prisoners,
524. Refills the prisons of Paris, 531. Pro-
poses the dictatorship, 540. Lies hidden
during the Revolution of August 10, 541.
Reproaching Dumouriez, receives a OUT-
temptuous reply from the general, 544, 545.
Feels commiseration for the King, 549. Pro-
poses to hang the grocers of Paris, 565,
Denounces Dumouriez, 565. Proposes to
kill the Girondists, 567. Denounces Four
nier, 568. Denounces the Convention as sok!
to England, who vote his imprisonment and

MAR

trial, 575. His busts broken, 580. Acts the
dictator, 586. Questions Thomas Paine as
to a republic, 592. Assassinated by Char-
lotte Corday, 608. His remains removed to
the Pantheon, 665. Transferred to the com-
mon sewers, 667

Maraviglia, sent by Francis I. to the Duke of
Milan, ii. 527

Marbors, M., deposition of, by the Royalists,
v. 272

Marc, Perrin, stabs the regent's treasurer, i.
473. Hanged by Robert of Clermont, 473
Marcel, San, burned by the French, i. 488
Marcel, Stephen, Prévost des Marchandes,
undertakes the defence of Paris, i. 465. One
of the two dominant spirits of the Estates,
466. Arms the traders against the high
functionaries, and compels them to withdraw,
468. His powers revoked by the Regent
Charles, 471. Forms one of a triumvirate
to place Charles of Navarre on the throne,
471. His armed bands at the new Hôtel de
Ville, 474. Marches with his men to the
Louvre, 474. And kills the Marshals of
Champagne and Normandy, 474. Endea-
vours to make use of the Jacques, 477.
Murdered, 481. Review of his career, 482.
Removed by the court, iii. 140. Saves the
Faubourg St. Germain from massacre, 143
Marche, Count de la, his wife carried off by
King John of England, i. 164. Takes back
his wife, who brings him the county of
Angoulême, 207. Joins the league of the
barons, 207. His daughter Isabella affianced
to Prince Alphonso, 207. Gained over by
Queen Blanche, 215. At the investiture of
the Count of Poitou at Saumur, 221. Refuses
to do homage to the King and his brother,
221. Takes up arms, and makes terms with
the King, 221. Defies the Count of Poitou
in full court, 222. Breaks into open rebel-
lion, and joins the King of England, 223.
Defeated at Taillebourg, and submits to
Louis, 224

Marche, the Count de la, son of Philip the Fair,
married to Blanche of Franche Comté, i. 353.
Her dissolute life, 353. The territories of,
seized by Philip the Fair, 358
Marche, Count de la, joins a crusade against
the Turks, ii. 45. Defeated and taken pri-
soner at Nicopolis, 46. Ransomed, 46
Marck, De la, his sons slain at Novara, ii. 438.
His account of the war in Italy, 439. Slain
at Novara, 439. Taken prisoner at Pavia,
485. Defends Guise against the Imperialists,
540

Marck, De la, Lord of Sedan, challenges the
Emperor Charles V., 472. His lands invaded
by Francis of Sickinghen, 472

|

MAR

Marcq, La, conference of, ii. 616
Marcus of Baden chosen to lead the Liegeois,
but refuses, ii. 280

Mardyke captured by the French, iii. 572
Mardyke canal, proposal for abandoning it, iv.
145. Given up by France, 148
Marengo, battle of, v. 85
Marfée, La, battle of, iii. 533
Margaret, Duchess of Alençon, sister of Francis
I., sent to Spain to negotiate for her brother,
ii. 489

Margaret of Anjou, married to Henry VI. of
England, ii. 215. Beseeches aid in her cause
from the King of France, 261. Proposes to
hand over Calais as a recompense, 261
Margaret of Austria, daughter of the Emperor
Maximilian, her formation of the League of
Cambray, ii. 427. Details of the arrange-
ments, 427. Her policy, 441
Margaret of Burgundy, married to Louis Hutin,
i. 353. Found false to her marriage vows,
353. Strangled in the castle of Andelys,
353, 364

Margaret, Archduchess, sister of the Emperor
Charles V., her part in the peace of Cambray,
ii. 506. Concludes a truce with France, 542.
Her unpopularity in Ghent, 544
Margaret, daughter of Charles VII. of France.
married to the son of the Count of Foix, ii.
259

Margaret of England, sister of Henry VIII.,
proposal to marry her to Charles of Luxem-
burg, ii. 427

Margaret of Hainault, married to Philip Au-
gustus, i. 149. Their coronation at St. Denis,
149. Her death, 153

Margaret, sister of Henry II., married to
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, ii. 648.
Pretensions of Henry, Duke of Guise, to her
hand, iii. 109, 110. The marriage denounced
by her brother, Anjou, 110. Her court at
Nerac, 193. Proposal to marry her to Henry
of Navarre, 112, 114, 116, 117. The mar-
riage, 126, 133. Draws up a defence of her
husband, 159. Her lover, La Mole, 159,

note

Margaret, daughter of Louis VII., given in
marriage to Henry, son of Henry II. of Eng-
land, i. 143. Not crowned with her husband,
146

Margaret, daughter of Louis XII., Duchess of
Alençon, her affection for her brother, Francis
I., ii. 508. Charges brought against her, 508,
note. Favours the Reformation, 516, 517.
Marries Henri d'Albret, King of Navarre,
517. Takes Berquin and Lefevre into her
service, 517. Her favour shown to the Re-
formers, 529. Her exertions to make peace
between France and England, 556

to the Dauphin, ii. 341. And declared duchess

MAR

of Burgundy and countess of Artois, 341.
Returned with her dowry, 373, 375. Restored
to her former influence by her nephew, 464.
Appointed stadtholderin, 464, note
Margaret, sister of Philip the Fair, married to
Edward I. of England, i. 307
Margaret of Provence marries King Louis IX.,
i. 216. Accompanies her husband St. Louis
to the Holy Land, 232

Margaret of Scotland, the Dauphiness, her fate,
ii. 234

Margaret of Valois, Queen of Henry IV. of
France, her husband's wish to obtain a
divorce from her, iii. 332. Which she con-
sents to, 351

Margaret of York, sister of Edward IV., mar-
ried to Charles the Rash, Duke of Burgundy,
ii. 285, 287. When dowager duchess of
Burgundy, obtains the alliance of Edward
IV., her brother, 338. Obtains a force from
him, 338. Affords Maximilian aid and en-
couragement in his war with France, 340,

341

Margaret, Countess of Flanders, her two mar-
riages and families, i. 231. Her feud with
her first family, 246

Maria Adelaida, Princess of Savoy, married to
the Duke of Burgundy, iv. 59. Her death,

111

Maria of Brabant, Queen of Philip the Hardy,
her children, i. 296. Charged by De la
Brosse with having poisoned the King's eldest
son, 297

Maria da Gloria, Donna, daughter of Don
Pedro, proposed as Queen of Portugal, v. 349.
Supported by the English cabinet, 489
Maria Leszczynska, married to Louis XV. of
France, iv. 193. Enjoined not to meddle in
state affairs, 195

Re-

Maria Louisa, Archduchess of Austria, married
to the Emperor Napoleon, v. 169-171.
ceives the duchies of Parma and Piacenza, as
compensation for her loss of sovereignty, v.
232. Refuses to return to Napoleon, 249
Maria Theresa, Infanta of Spain, daughter of
Philip IV., her hand offered by her father to
Louis XIV., iii. 641. To whom she is mar-
ried, 643. Gives birth to a dauphin, 650.
Her devout and retiring habits, 650.
nounces on her marriage all right to the
Spanish succession, 659

Re-

Maria Theresa, Queen of Hungary, daughter

of the Emperor Charles VI., secured in her
succession to the whole of the Austrian do-
minions, iv. 193. Her marriage with Francis
of Lorraine, 202, 213. Her claim of the
empire for her husband, 213. Rival claims,
213. Sets her house in order, 214. Defeat
of the Austrians by Frederick the Great, and
occupation of Silesia by the Prussians, 215,
216. Proposals of France to dismember the

MAR

Austrian empire, 216.

Her

Flees to Hungary,
217. Appeals to the Hungarians, 218. Her
husband elected emperor of Germany, 234.
Signs the peace of Dresden with Frederick
the Great, 234. Sends an army over the
Alps to invade Provence, 235. Signs the
treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 245, 246.
ingratitude to England, 261, 265, 266. En-
ters into an alliance with France, 262. Her
letters to Madame de Pompadour, 262. Pro-
poses to cede the Low Countries to France,
266. Her opposition to peace with Prussia,
281. Sums paid to her by France, 281
Maria Amelia, Queen of the French, her advice
to reform Louis Philippe's government, v.
573, 581. Advises resignation of M. Guizot,
588. Objects to his abdication, 594. Re-
tires to St. Cloud, 595. See Louis Philippe
Maria Antoinette, Queen of France, married
to the Dauphin, iv. 321. St. Cloud bought
for her, 369. Causes of the hatred enter-
tained by the Parisians and French people
for her, 374 note, 375. Her character, 375.
Her fault, 376. Story of the collier, or
necklace, 377, 378. Proposal to send her
into a convent, 434. Her narrow escapes at
Versailles, 439. Her interview with Du-
mouriez, 481. Insulted and threatened by
the insurgents of the 20th of June, 494.
Addressed by Santerre the Brewer, 495. Her
alarm at the progress of events portending
her fate, 503. Danton's proposition to banish
her, 506. Accompanies the King to the
Assembly, 513. Committed to the Temple,
514, 515. Faints at seeing the head of the
Princess de Lamballe, 528. Danton endes-
vours to save her, 604. Her death resolved
on, 604. Her children taken from her, 613.
Her imprisonment in the Conciergerie, 613.
Brutal treatment of her, 613. Her trial,
610, 613. Defends herself before her judges,
614. Her noble bearing, 614. Her execu-
tion, 614

Maria de Medicis, married to Henry IV. of
France, iii. 350-352. Her coronation, 379.
Appointed regent in the King's absence 379.
Murder of her husband, 379, 380. Declared
regent, 385. Her Spanish policy, 388. Her
favourites Concini and Galigai, 389. Duels
and ferocity of her courtiers, 389. Refuses to
accede to the demands of the Huguenot As-
sembly of Saumur, 395. But terrified into
granting those of La Rochelle, 396. Con-
cludes an offensive and defensive alliance
with Spain, 396. Secession of the grandees
from court, 398. Their demands from Me-
zières, 398. Conclusion of the peace of St.
Menehould, 399. Summons the Estates, and
causes the King to declare himself of age.
Her extravagant public expenditure,
405. Musters an army to keep the grandees

400.

MAR

Sur-

at bay, 407. Goes south to receive the
Infanta in exchange for her eldest daughter,
407. Offers to resign her authority, 410.
Sends for the Prince of Condé, 410, 411.
Her efforts to conciliate him, 411. Arrests
and sends him to the Bastille, 412, 413.
Sends an army to besiege the rebellious
nobles in Soissons, 413. Murder of her
favourite, Concini, 414. End of her reign,
415. Compelled to quit Paris and the court,
416. Her parting with her son, the King,
416. Her formation of a cabinet council,
419. Indignities inflicted upon her during
her exile, 421. Her impatience, 421. Her
escape from confinement, 422. Conspiracy
of the grandees in her favour, 424.
prised by the King in Angers, 425. Returns
to Paris, and sends counsels to the King, 433.
Quarrels with the Duchess d'Aiguillon, 477.
Refuses her consent to the marriage of her
second son, Gaston, 486. Her open hostility
to Richelieu, 487. Deprecates the King's
interference in the affairs of Italy, 487. Pits
Cardinal Berulle against Richelieu, 488.
Whom she endeavours to ruin in the estima-
tion of the King, 497. Scene in her apart-
ments, 499. Got rid of by the King and
Richelieu, 501. Her death, 540
Marie, M., one of the New Republican ministry,
v. 618. A member of the Provisional Go-
vernment, 599. Minister of public works,

605

Marle, De, Chancellor, murdered by the Par-
isians, ii. 125. Treatment of his body, 125
Marlorat, the Huguenot divine, executed, iii. 69
Marly, expenses of, iv. 56
Marmande, unsuccessful expedition of Philip
Augustus against, i. 193

Marmont Marshal, conveys the artillery over
Mont St. Bernard, v. 84. Defeated at Sala-
manca, 185. Defends Paris, 227. His trea-
son, 230. Commanded to take military pre-
cautions, 393. Attacks the people, 394, et
seq. Declares Paris in a state of siege, 396.
Advises a pacification, but countermanded to
act with energy, 396. Implores the King to
yield, 398. His troops defeated, 399. Or-
ders a suspension of arms, 400. Besought
to arrest the ministers, 400. Driven out of
Paris, he seeks the King at St. Cloud, 402.
Quarrels with the Duke of Angoulême, who
orders his arrest, 413. Proposes the abdica-
tion of the King in favour of the Duke of
Bordeaux, 414. Once more takes the com-
mand of the troops, 414. Points out diffi-
culty of defending Rambouillet, 415
Marmontel, his education, iv. 296, note
Marmousets, formation of the government of
the. ii. 40. Committed by the King's uncles
to prison, 44. The Duke of Burgundy's
hatred of them partaken by the Duke of
Berry, 77

Marmousets, the, befriended and instigated by
Chauvelin, iv. 207. Induce Louis XV. to
take Madame de Mailly as his mistress, 207
Marot, the poet, seized as a Protestant, ii. 516.
Escapes from the Inquisition in France, 581
Maroto, Carlist general, shoots his rivals, v.
520. Signs convention of Bergard, 520
Marrast, M., conspirator, recovers his freedom,
v. 493. Amnestied and returns to France,
521. Harangues the people, 589. Claims
a share in the Provisional Government, 605.
Becomes mayor of Paris, 618. And presi-
dent of the chambers, 630
Marsaglia, battle of, iv. 47
Marsal, fortress of, ceded to France, iii. 506
Marseilles, its resistance to Raymond Berenger
of Provence and to Charles of Anjou, i. 243.
Who razes the fortifications, and establishes
his authority, 244. The King of Aragon
promises not to aid the people against their
duke, 244. Their rebellion under Boniface
of Castellane, 244. The city entirely brought
under French sway, 244. Besieged by the
Constable Bourbon, ii. 480. Meeting of the

MAR

Pope and Francis I. at, 526. Submits to
Henry IV., iii. 320. Plot to deliver up the
town to the Spaniards, 363. Riots of 1789,
iv. 420. The Marseilles Fédérés enter Paris,
497. Municipality of, demand the dethrone-
ment of the King, 501. A second batch of
the Fédérés arrive at Paris, 506. Encounter
the National Guard, 507. The city captured
by General Carteau, 597. Atrocities of Fré-
ron at, 623, 624. Insurrection of 1814, v. 264.
Conspiracy of the military at, 315 See Con-
vention; Directory; Napoleon I. and III.
Marsin, Spanish general, routed by Turenne,
iii. 663

Marsin, Marshal, his death, iv. 97
Martignac, M. de, succeeds Villèle, v. 366.
His character and qualifications for office,
367. His firmness in opposing the King,
368. His principles of government, 370, et
seq. His ministry triumphant, 372. Com-
pared to La Pasta, and obnoxious to the King,
372, 373. Dupont's remark on, 373. Op-
posed by the Royalists, 373. Reproaches the
King for his partiality to Villèle, 374. Opens
the session with a new departmental law,
375. Warns the Liberals as to the result
of their opposition, 377. Defends Polignac,

429

Martin del Ré, St., besieged by the Duke of
Buckingham, iii. 474

Martin, brother of Pepin, slain by Ebroin, i. 12
Martin, St., cathedral of, at Tours, burnt and
rebuilt, i. 82

Martin V., Pope, elected by the Council of
Constance, ii. 107. Scouts the demands of
the council for Church reform, 107. His
policy of dividing the council and obtaining
a concordat from each nation, 107, 108
Martin X., Pope, election of, i. 286. His
French views, 286. Refusal of the Sicilians
to abide by his decision, 289. Excommuni-
cates Peter III., of Aragon, 289. Preaches
a crusade against Aragon and Sicily, 289
Martinique captured by the English, iv. 285.
Restored, 288. The Jesuit traders at, 301
Mary, Queen of England, betrothed when an
infant to the Dauphin, ii. 462, 467, 469.
And to the Emperor Charles V., 471. Pro-
ject of marrying her to Francis I., 499.
And afterwards to the Duke of Orleans, 500.
Proposal to marry her to the Duke of Angou-
lême, 533. Her legitimacy declared by act
of Parliament, 557. Marries Philip, son of
Charles V., 614. Declares war against
France, 624. Loses Calais, 629. Her death,
633

Mary of Burgundy, daughter of Charles the
Rash, proposal to affiance her to Charles,
Duke of Guyenne, ii. 297. Hesitation of
her father, 297. Proposal to marry her to
Maximilian I., 304, 306. Her hand claimed

MAU

by Louis XI. for the Dauphin, 328. Her
concessions to her Flemish subjects, 330.
Formation of her superior council, 330.
Louis's policy regarding her, 331. Deserted
by all except her Flemish subjects. 332.
King Louis's treachery to her, 332, 333.
Gives her hand immediately to Maximilian
of Austria, 334. The marriage, 337. Her
death, 341

Mary, niece of Charles II. of England, married
to the Prince of Orange, iii. 699
Mary of Gonzaga, Gaston, Duke of Orleans,
enamoured of, iii. 486

Mary, daughter of Henry VII. of England,
married to Louis XII. of France, ii. 441,
442. And to the Duke of Suffolk, 452
Mary of Luxemburg, married to Charles IV.
of France, i. 378. Her death, 378
Mary of Meran, Princess of the Tyrol, married
to Philip Augustus, i. 161. Her death, 163
Mary of Portugal, proposal of the Emperor
Charles V. to marry her to Francis I., ii.

488

Mary, Queen of Scotland, carried off to France,
ii. 602. Betrothed to the Dauphin, 602,
604. Married to the Dauphin (afterwards
Francis II.), 631. Sets up the arms of Eng-
land, 634. Death of her husband, iii. 32.
Proposal to marry her to the Prince of Con-
dé, 91. Married to Darnley, 92. Imprisoned
by Elizabeth, 108, 110. Her aversion to a
French marriage or counsels, 112

Masham, Lady, her influence with Queen
Anne, iv. 99

Masquerade, danger of Charles VI. at a, ii.

44

Massaniello, insurrection of, iii. 574
Massena, General, drives the Austrians from
the Dego, v. 18. Invades the Grisons, 55.
Defeated by Archduke Charles, 56. Defeats
Korsakoff at Zurich, 650. Surrenders at Ge-
noa, 84. Defeated by the Archduke Charles,
122. Defeated at Aspern, 163. Defeated by
Sir Arthur Wellesley, 178. Defeated at Bu-
saco, 180. Follows up Sir Arthur Wellesley
to Torres Vedras, 181.

Matignon, Maréchal, sent by Catherine de Me-
dicis against Montgomery, iii. 158. Carries
the war into Guienne, 207. Preserves Bor-
deaux for the King, 237

Matilda, aunt of Philip the Fair. See Mahaut.
Matilda, daughter of Henry I. of England, her

marriage to the Emperor Henry V., i. 118
Matilda, daughter of Henry II. of England.
married to Henry the Lion, Duke of Saxony
and Brunswick, i. 162

Matthew the Great, Duke of Milan, defies the
Pope, who excommunicates him, i. 373
Matthias the Emperor, his tolerance, iii. 374
Mattioli, the Man with the Iron Mask, iv. 32
Maupas, M., prefect of police, v. 656